관동맥우회로술 후에 심근 SPECT에 나타난 관류의 악화 분석

이원우,이동수,윤석남,김기봉,정준기,이명철,고창순 ( Won Woo Lee,Dong Soo Lee,Seok Nam Yoon,Ki Bong Kim,June Key Chung,Myung Chul Lee,Chang Soon Koh ) 대한핵의학회 1997 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.31 No.1

Though myocardial perfusion was usually expected to improve after coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) surgery, some myocardial segments were aggravated after operation, as we compared perfusion changes on postoperative SPECT with preoperative ones. In this study, we evaluated perfusion changes after operation in rest and stress myocardial SPCET in 44 patients (M:F=25:19, age 57.1 year +- 8.2) who had CABG before and 3 months after operation. We tried to find out possible causes for perfusion aggravation with multivariate logistic regression analysis regarding whether bypass graft was artery or vein and which coronary artery territory was operated. Among 616 myocardial segments which were operated, 89(14.4%) aggravated after operation In the univariate analysis, myocardial segments in the left circumflex arteries(I Cx) aggravated more often(p<0.01) than others and segments having operative angioplasty did less often(p<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression revealedthat LCx was risk factor for perfusion aggravation [odds ratio=2.54 (95% confidence interval : 1.53-4.22, p<0.01)] However, this was not the case when we analysed in terms of arterial territories. Among 106 coronary rterial territories which were operated. 27(25.5%) aggravated. The territories having aggravated had similar characterstics regarding whether they received arterial or venous grafts. Angioplasty and whether the operated territories were left anterior descending. Right coronary or left circumflex arteries. In conclusion, myocardial segments in the left circumflex artery tended to aggravate more often after bypass surgery than the others. In short-term comparison of perfusion after surgery. We could not find any tendency that arterial or venous fraft was associated with more frequency of the affravation of perfusion after operation.

피부형으로 사료되는 결절성 다발동맥염

이원우,황계영,김덕하,조경숙 ( Won Woo Lee,Kae Yong Hwang,Duck Ha Kim,Kyeong Sook Cho ) 대한피부과학회 1991 대한피부과학회지 Vol.29 No.4

A Case of Polyarteritis Nodosa, Possibly of Cutaneous Type Won Woo Lee, M.D., Kae Yong Hwnag, M.D., Duck Ha Kim, M.D., Kyeong Sook Cho, M.D.* Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics*, Maryknoll Hospital Pusan, Korea Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, a distinct clinical entity, is a chronic and benign vascular disease in which cutaneous lesions are predominent with no visceral involvement. We report a case of polyarteritis nodosa, possibly of cutaneous type in a 9-year old boy who on the occasions presented with generalized tender cutaneous or subcutaneous nodules and livedo reticularis. Fever, chilling, and arthralgia were also present. Histopathologic examination of the nodular lesions showed panarteritis of small and medium-sized arteries at the dermal-subcutaneous junction with little evidence of panniculitis. The patient was treated with acetyl salicylate and prednisclone with a good clinical response. (Kor J Dermatol 29(4) : 557-561, 1991)

"통계학은 어렵다"? - 통계학교재의 문제점

이원우,Lee, Wonwoo 한국데이터정보과학회 2013 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.24 No.6

본 연구에서는 "통계학은 어렵다"라는 인식이 어느 정도인지를 알아보고 어렵게 느끼고 있는 이유를 찾는다. 이를 위하여 리서치회사에서 연구원으로 일하고 있는, 통계학을 배웠던 경험이 있는 사람들을 대상으로 설문조사하였다. 그 결과, 응답자 중 80.8%에 이르는 사람들이 "통계학은 어렵다"라고 인식하는 것으로 파악되었다. 그리고 어려운 이유가 대학에서 배운 통계학 교재가 어렵게 쓰여졌기 때문 (62.5%)이라는 것이다. 따라서 시중에 유통되는 통계학 교재들을 분석한 결과, 대부분의 교재들이 확률변수를 나타내는 대문자 X와 확률변수들이 취하는 값을 나타내는 소문자 x를 구분하지 않고 있다는 점을 밝혀내고, 이런 구분이 왜 통계학교육에 있어 간과되어서는 안 되는가를 지적하였다. 이 연구 결과가 향후 교재를 집필하거나 교육하는데 참고가 되어, 사회적으로 "통계학이 어렵기만 한 분야는 아니다"라는 인식이 확산되기를 바란다. 통계학을 폭넓게 보급하는 것은 통계학자들의 책임이기 때문이다. 이를 위하여 통계학교육에 대한 연구도 활발해지기를 기대한다. This study observes not only how much those who studied Statistics during the college years feel that Statistics is difficult but also why they felt it was difficult. Most of the targeted researchers, 80.8 percent, say "Statistics was difficult". They selected the item "textbooks were hard to understand" as the main reason (62.5%). Based on the explanatory survey of text books, many textbooks do not distinguish the small letter, x from the capital letter, X. Hence, in this study, one of the main reasons why most of the researchers felt Statistics was difficult must be the ambiguousness of the notations. If authors keep in mind the importance of the difference between capital letters and small letters in Statistics, the Statistics learners' recognition of difficulty of Statistics will decline.

액상법에 의한 Carbon Nanofiber 제조 및 특성 분석

이원우,신채호,박한성,최영민,류병환,Lee, Won-Woo,Shin, Chae-Ho,Park, Han-Sung,Choi, Young-Min,Ryu, Beyong-Hwan 한국재료학회 2008 한국재료학회지 Vol.18 No.10

Nanostructured carbon materials have been found to have applications in fuel cell electrodes, field emitters, electronic devices, sensors and electromagnetic absorbers, etc. Especially, the CNF (carbon nanofiber) can be expected to play an important role in catalyst supporters for fuel cell electrodes and chemical reactions. In this study, we synthesized CNF from a liquid phase carbon source by a solvothermal method. In addition, we studied the parameters for the preparation of CNF by controlling heating and cooling rates, synthesis temperature and time. We characterized the CNF by SEM/TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and EDS. We found that the heating and cooling rate have strong effects on the CNF formation and growth. We were able to prepare the best CNF at the heating rate of $10^{\circ}$/min, at $450^{\circ}$ for 60 minutes, and at the cooling rate of $4^{\circ}$/min. As a result of Raman spectra, we found that the sample showed two characteristic Raman bands at ${\sim}1350cm^{-1}$ (D band) and ${\sim}1600cm^{-1}$ (G band). The G band indicates the original graphite feature, but the D band has been explained as a disorder feature of the carbon structure. The diameter and length of the CNF was about $15{\sim}20nm$, and over $1{\mu}$, respectively.

DVD 시스템에 있어서 DOLBY AC-3 디코더의 실시간 구현에 관한 연구

이원우,김승호,장성철,이희수,허재훈,Lee, Won-Woo,Kim, Sung-Ho,Jang, Sung-Chul,Lee, Hee-Soo,Heo, Jae-Hun 한국음향학회 1996 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.15 No.2

본 연구에서는 20bit 고정 소숫점 범용 DSP 칩을 이용하여 Dolby AC-3 디코더를 실시간으로 구현하였으며, PC를 이용하여 구현한 AC-3 C-simulator와의 성능비교를 통하여 본 연구의 실시간 디코더가 성능이 뒤지지 않음을 보였다. 또한 향후 DVD 재생기에 있어서 본 연구의 AC-3 디코더가 어떻게 설계되었는지에 대해서도 논하였다. 특히 본 연구에서 제안하는 Dolby AC-3 디코더는 최소한의 지연시간을 갖도록하여 기존의 디코더보다 향상된 성능을 가짐을 보였다. A real-time Dolby AC-3 decoder has been implemented using a 20-bit fixed point general purpose DSP chip. It is shown that AC-3 decoder of this paper has same performance as decoder of C-simulator on PC. And also, it is applied to DVD player. Especially, in this paper, we proved that it has shorter latency time than that of previous AC-3 decoder.

파밤나방의 미생물적 방제를 위한 병원성 곰팡이 Nomuraea rileyi의 특성 및 병원성 검정

이원우,신태영,고승현,최재방,배성민,우수동,Lee, Won Woo,Shin, Tae Young,Ko, Seung Hyun,Choi, Jae Bang,Bae, Sung Min,Woo, Soo Dong 한국미생물학회 2012 미생물학회지 Vol.48 No.4

파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua)은 유기합성 농약을 이용한 화학 살충제 외에 뚜렷한 방제방법이 알려져 있지 않으나, 그에 대한 저항성과 더불어 식물을 가해하는 방법에 있어 그들만의 독특한 숙주 가해습성으로 인해 난방제 해충으로 알려져 있다. 화학살충제에 대한 저항성의 해결을 위하여 곤충병원성 바이러스 및 세균을 이용한 살충제가 개발되어 있으나, 이들 역시 파밤나방 유충이 줄기 속으로 들어가는 가해습성으로 인하여 효과적이지 못한 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 그들의 가해습성과 저항성을 극복할 수 있는 새로운 방제원으로써, 체벽과의 일시적인 접촉을 통해 살충성을 발휘할 수 있는 파밤나방에 대한 병원성 곰팡이를 분리하고 그 특성 및 살충성을 조사하였다. 파밤나방 병원성 곰팡이는 파밤나방 누대사육 중 곰팡이병 증상을 보이며 이병된 사충으로부터 분리하였으며, 분리 곰팡이는 배지에서의 증식상 및 현미경적 관찰을 통한 형태학적 동정과 더불어 ITS, ${\beta}$-tublin 및 EF1-${\alpha}$ 부분의 염기서열 분석을 통해 Nomuraea rileyi로 최종 동정하고 N. rileyi SDSe로 명명하였다. 분리 균주의 파밤나방에 대한 살충력 검정은 $1{\times}10^4-10^8conidia/ml$까지의 다양한 포자현탁액에 파밤나방 3령 유충을 침지하는 조건으로 수행한 결과, 20-54%의 살충률을 나타냈으며 포자현탁액의 농도가 증가할수록 살충력도 증가하는 양상을 나타냈다. 본 연구결과 분리된 N. rileyi 균주가 비록 높은 살충력을 보이지 않았으나, 파밤나방이 난방제 해충임을 감안할 때 다른 방제방법과 함께 종합적 해충 방제 방법에 있어 효과적인 방제수단의 일환이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. To date, chemical control remains the most common way to reduce beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) populations. However, this insect has become more tolerant or resistant to many chemical insecticides and the insect larvae usually hide inside hollow, tube-like leaves of host plant so they were difficult to kill by spraying insecticides. The use of viral and bacterial insecticide to solve these problems has not been successful because of their novel feeding habit. To overcome these problems, in this study, the biological characteristics and virulence of an entomopathogenic fungus isolated from the cadaver of larvae beet armyworm were investigated. Isolated entomopathogenic fungus was identified as Nomeraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson by morphological examinations and genetic identification using sequences of the ITS, ${\beta}$-tubulin gene and EF1-${\alpha}$ regions. This fungus was named as N. rileyi SDSe. Virulence tests against 3rd larvae of beet armyworm were conducted with various conidial suspensions from $1{\times}10^4$ to $10^8$ conidia/ml of N. rileyi SDSe in laboratory conditions. Mortality rate of beet armyworm showed from 20 to 54% and the virulence increased with increasing conidial concentrations. Although N. rileyi SDSe showed low mortality rate against beet armyworm, it is expected that N. rileyi SDSe will be used effectively in the integrated pest management programs against the beet armyworm.

A Polysaccharide Isolated from Ecklonia cava Fermented by Lactobacillus brevis Inhibits the Inflammatory Response by Suppressing the Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages

이원우,Ginnae Ahn,Janaka Priyalal Wijesinghe Arachchillage,김영목,Se-Kwon Kim,Bae-Jin Lee,You-Jin Jeon 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.12

We previously reported that the increment of carbohydrate content in the Viscozyme^ⓡ L (Novozyme Corp.,Oklahoma City, OK, USA) extract of Lactobacillus brevis–fermented Ecklonia cava affected the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production and that it might be related to the polysaccharide compound. However, there is no report of antiinflammatory effects of the polysaccharide or its biological mechanism. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of the polysaccharide and its biological mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The polysaccharide isolated from the Viscozyme extract of L. brevis–fermented E. cava (VLFEP) dose-dependently decreased LPS-stimulated NO production without cytotoxicity. Also, VLFEP significantly decreased the production of prostaglandin E₂(PGE₂) at the 100 ㎍/mL concentration. In addition, VLFEP dose-dependently decreased the protein and mRNA expressions of inducible NO synthase, whereas it slightly decreased those of cyclooxygenase 2 and only at the 100 ㎍/mL concentration. Moreover,VLEFP dose-dependently decreased the productions and/or mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6,compared with those of LPS only–stimulated cells. In further experiments, VLFEP considerably reduced the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory κB as well as the translocation of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 into the nucleus,and its DNA binding was markedly induced by LPS stimulation. This study suggests that VLFEP exerts anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating the production and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators via inhibiting the NFjB pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

Enzyme-assisted extraction of Ecklonia cava fermented with Lactobacillus brevis and isolation of an anti-inflammatory polysaccharide

이원우,Ginnae Ahn,W. A. J. P. Wijesinghe,Xiudong Yang,Chang-Ik Ko,강민철,Bae-Jin Lee,전유진 한국조류학회I 2011 ALGAE Vol.26 No.4

Fermentation and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) improve nutritional and functional properties of foods by increasing the extraction of active compounds, ingestion rates, and body absorption. In this study, we investigated whether applying the EAE process improves the extraction and isolation efficiency of a polysaccharide from fermented Ecklonia cava (FE), which inhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that the FE using the fungi Candida utilis and two different bacteria, namely Lactobacillus brevis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased protein and carbohydrate contents in comparison with those in non-fermented E. cava (NE). Aqueous extracts of fermented E. cava increased extraction yields and carbohydrate content, compared with the aqueous extract of NE. In addition, treating LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with aqueous extracts resulted in reduced NO production compared to that in LPS-treated cells. Ten EAEs of L. brevis-fermented E. cava (LFE) improved NO inhibitory effects in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells and the Viscozyme extract (VLFE) from the resulting extracts showed the highest NO inhibitory effect. We found that the >30 kDa fraction of VLFE led to markedly high inhibition of LPS-induced NO production as compared to that in the <30 kDa fraction. The crude polysaccharide isolated from >30 kDa fraction (VLFEP) consisted of fucose and markedly decreased NO production induced by LPS stimulation. VLFEP could be useful as an anti-inflammatory agent to suppress macrophage activation.

군산지역에서의 GPS측위정도 해석

이원우,신형일,이대재,LEE Won-Woo,SHIN Hyeong-Il,LEE Dae-Jae 한국수산과학회 1993 한국수산과학회지 Vol.26 No.3

GPS시스템에 대한 측위가능시간과 측위정도를 알기 위하여 1992년 4월 6일${\sim}$10일까지 군산대학교에서 GPS NAVSTAR위성을 관측하고, 그 측위정도를 분석${\cdot}$검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. GPS는 거의 24시간동안 측위가 가능하였으나 $2{\sim}3$회 정도 측위가 불가능한 경우가 있었으며 그 시간은 1일 최대 1시간 정도였다. 또한 위성의 almanac을 이용하여 관측지점에서 관측에 이용할 수 있는 위성과 PDOP(HDOP)를 계산하면 측위가능시각 및 측위정도를 예측할 수 있었다. 2. GPS에 의한 평균측위오차는 $37.9{\sim}73.6m$, 표준편차 $37.4{\sim}133.1m$로서 PDOP(HDOP)값의 크기에 거의 일치하는 경향을 보였고 다른 전파항해계기에 비하여 측위정도가 훨씬 우수하였음을 알 수 있었다. 3. 3차원측위(3D)가 2차원측위(2D)보다 그 측위정도가 좋았으며, 3차원측위에서 고도의 평균측정오차는 $56{\sim}74m$, 표준편차는 $65{\sim}93m$이었다. The Global Positioning System(GPS) is a worldwide radio navigation system based on satellite technology. Signal availability and accuracy of GPS are subject to change due to an incomplete constellation and operational test activities. In order to analyze the signal availability and accuracy of GPS, we made an experiment on this system in Kunsan during April 6, 7, 9, 10, 1992. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. It was possible to avail the GPS system almost 24 hours per day, but sometimes it was impossible to obtain the GPS signal 2 or 3 times per day and its total time was at the most an hour. 2. By using satellite almanac, we also could calculate PDOP(HDOP) and forecast signal availability. And the mean positional error was $37.9{\sim}73.6m$ and standard deviation was $37.4{\sim}133.1m$. The positional error almost coincided with PDOP(HDOP). 3. The mean positional error of 3D was less than that of 2D. And the altitude error in 3D was about $56{\sim}74m$ and its standard deviation was about $65{\sim}93m$.

The gravity effect on the nucleation rate of a vacuum bubble

이원우,이범훈,박찬용,Chul H Lee 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.I

In this paper we study the gravity eect on the nucleation rate of a vacuum bubble in the Einstein theory of gravity, as well as that with a nonminimally coupled scalar eld. We consider Coleman-de Luccia's semiclassical instanton approximation at zero temperature in curved spacetime with arbitrary vacuum energy densities. The bubble radius and the nucleation rate of a vacuum bubble are analyzed, based on the thin-wall approximation.