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이연숙(Yi Yeonsook) 한국인물사연구소 2012 한국인물사연구 Vol.17 No.-
Doosoo Yoon (1533~l602) passed the state examination in 1558 (the 13th year of King Myeongjong), and worked as a central figure of the political world through the Myeongjong and Seonjo periods. When the maternal relatives of the King during the Myeongjong period became powerful courtiers one by one to decide the political situation arbitrarily, he gradually strengthened the political position of the classical scholars opposing these powerful courtiers. In the early Seonjo period, under the great propositions of settlement of royal in-law politics and establishment of new political order, he expelled remnants of the Small Yoons powers in full measure and acted as a driving force for the party of classical scholars to lead the political situation. After the split of East and West political parties, he also played an active part as an influential figure of Western Party by sharing the political stance with personages like Uigyum Sim, Gyehwi Kim. Doosoo Yoon also attended on the King from beginning to end throughout the time when the royal carriage departed the capital city and arrived in Uiju by way of Pyeongyang, and then again returned to the capital city from Uiju during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and took care of the office work and the current issues of Haengjo(行卓月) during that time. The most important issue during the time when the royal carriage was getting from the capital city to Uiju was the request for military reinforcement from the Ming Dynasty as well as Seonjos entering and clinging to Yodong. In regards to the request for the military reinforcement from the Ming Dynasty, Doosoo Yoon opposed it at first for fear of the aftereffect of military expedition of the Ming Dynasty, however, as the progress of the battle got pressing, he took the opinions of ministers such as Seongryong Yoo and Hangbok Yi and requested for the military reinforcement. As for Seonjo's entering and clinging to Yodong, he sometimes soothed and curried flavor with Seonjo together with most ministers, and other times he opposed stoutly. Doosoo Yoon argued against peace in response to the double measure of harmony and war by the Ming Dynasty in the latter part of Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and raised the deciding war argument while working in a crown prince's camp built by the split of the Royal Court and carried it into effect with Geoje pincer movement. Nevertheless, it ended as a defeat due to the reckless attack. Since then, the deciding war argument could not even be brought up any more, and Doosoo Yoon could not take part in the affairs of a militant nation and suffered a heavy blow in his political life by being dismissed from office in a few months after having been appointed as the prime minister of the Joseon dynasty because of Yangsa's persistent impeachment.
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김나래 ( Kim Narae ),김석영 ( Kim Sokyong ),박종한 ( Park Jonghan ),손남호 ( Sohn Namho ),신원철 ( Shin Wonchul ),이미경 ( Lee Mikyoung ),이연숙 ( Yi Yeonsook ) 한국중국어문학회 2016 中國文學 Vol.88 No.-
This study aims to report and examine the current status of instructional materials of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) that have been published in China (PRC). The authors analyzed 4126 CFL textbooks searched on the website of the National Library of China. As for the purposes of the materials, a lack of development is observed in the textbooks for interpretation/translation, news-based materials, materials based on songs/games and the test preparation materials for non-HSK exams. The entire proportion of Chinese for Specific Purposes (CSP) materials, of which Chinese for Business Purposes (CBP) is the majority, is also only 9.02%, which means that the development of materials for CSP or Chinese for Academic Purpose (CAP) has not been active during the 30-year history of CFL education since the `Reforms and Opening up`. Regarding the skills covered, the proportion of writing materials was particularly low and no writing textbook was ever identified for CSP or CAP, which indicates that the CFL education in China has centered on the teaching of Chinese for General Purposes (CGP). In terms of the levels, more than half of the overall materials were intended for beginners. Specifically, materials for speaking, Chinese characters and pronunciation follow this right-skewed distribution but those for reading, vocabulary/grammar and cultural topics show the opposite, i.e., left-skewed distribution. This means that the focus of CFL instruction shifts from speaking, characters and pronunciation to reading, vocabulary/grammar and culture in the more advanced levels. Another notable point is that the materials aimed at elementary to middle school students only account for 7.73%, which implies the lack of activity to develop educational materials or instructional models for Chinese for Young Learners (CYL). However, future trend is worth noting because a slight but steady increase in CYL materials is detected since the 2000`s. To sum up, among the CFL instructional materials released in China to date, CSP, CAP or CYL materials have been underdeveloped. As the publication of these materials, however, has been on a small but continuous increase since the 2000`s, it seems to deserve more attention in the future research on CFL textbooks.
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