NMR-based Metabolomic Responses of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) by Fipronil Exposure

이수진,오상아,김성혜,Won-Ho Lee,Juyoung Choi,Hani Lee,Yujin Lee,김석만 한국자기공명학회 2020 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.24 No.4

Fipronil, the phenylpyrazole insecticide, is effective and used in various fields. Especially, fipronil was reliable because it was known to be specific on invertebrate animals than vertebrate animals including mammals. However, fipronil had potential risks that affect vertebrate animals as it blocks the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors that also exists in vertebrates as well as invertebrates. Therefore, it was necessary that harmful effects of fipronil on vertebrates are clarified. For this purpose, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) were used on behalf of vertebrate animals in present study. The zebrafish were exposed to 5 µg/L, 25 µg/L, and 50 µg/L of fipronil during 12, 24 and 72 hours. To closely observe toxic process, 12 hours and 24 hours of additional time point were set in the exposure test. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics is an approach to detect metabolic changes in organism resulted from external stimuli. In this study, NMR-based metabolomics showed the metabolic changes in zebrafish caused by fipronil exposure. Metabolic analysis revealed that fipronil interfered with energy metabolism and decreased the antioxidant ability in zebrafish. Antioxidant ability decline was remarkable at high exposure concentration. In addition, metabolic analysis results over time suggested that reactions for alleviating the excessive nerve excitation occurred in zebrafish after fipronil exposure. Through this study, it was elucidated that the adverse effects of fipronil on vertebrate animals are evident. The risk of fipronil on vertebrates can be no longer ignored. Moreover, this study has a meaning of practically necessary research for organism by examining the effects of fipronil at low concentrations existed in real environment.

바이러스에 의한 소아 급성 하기도 감염의 유행 및 임상양상(1998년 9월~2002년 8월)

이수진,박은영,오필수,이건희,김광남,이규만,Lee, Su-Jin,Park, Eun-Young,Oh, Phil-Soo,Lee, Kon-Hee,Kim, Kwang-Nam,Lee, Kyu-Man 대한소아감염학회 2003 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.10 No.1

Purpose : Acute respiratory tract infections are the most common illnesses in children. The great majority of these infections involving lower respiratory tracts infections(LRTI) are caused by respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus(RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), influenza virus(INF), adenovirus(ADV), etc. Our purpose of this study was to examine the seasonal occurrence, clinical and laboratory features of each viral infections. Methods : Nasopharyngeal aspirates(NPA) were collected from 913 hospitalized children on the first day of admission. They were all admitted to Hangang Sacred Heart hospital and diagnosed as LRTIs. The study period was from September 1998 to August 2002. Specimens were inoculated onto HEp-2 cell, LLC-MK2 cell and MDCK cell. Viruses were detected by immunofluorescent method performed at day 10 postinoculation. Respiratory viruses were detected in 251(27%) cases. Medical records of 208 cases diagnosed as acute LRTIs were all taken reviewed and analyzed. Results : The identified pathogens were RSV 122 cases(58%), PIV 30 cases(14%), INFA 20 cases(10%), INFB 21 cases(11%) and ADV 15 cases(7%) during the study period. Outbreaks of RSV infections occurred every year but mostly on December, 1998 and November, 1999. LRTIs by PIV and ADV occurred during all seasons of the year. INFA was isolated moslty on March, 1999 and January, 2000. INFB infections occurred largely on April, 2002. The clinical diagnoses were bronchiolitis 88 cases(43%), pneumonia 87 cases(42%), croup 19 cases(9%) and tracheobronchitis 14 cases(6%). Common symptoms and signs were cough, rhinorrhea, sputum and fever. WBC counts in peripheral blood showed normal findings in 123 cases(59%). Each viral infections also showed some differences in auscultatory findings and chest X-ray findings. Conclusion : We learned that viruses are one of the major and important etiologic agents of acute LRTIs of children in Korea. However, we still need to find out more about its characteristic clinical features and continue studying on their seasonal occurrence to focus on their management and also prevention. 목 적 : 바이러스는 소아 하기도 감염증의 가장 흔한 원인으로 소아에서 흔히 이환되어 모세기관지염, 폐렴, 크룹, 기관 기관지염 등의 하기도 감염을 일으키는 원인 바이러스들의 유행 및 임상 양상을 조사하기 위해 본 연구를 시작하였다. 방 법 : 1998년 9월부터 2002년 8월까지 한림대학교 한강성심병원 소아과에 급성 호흡기 감염증으로 입원했던 환아 중 총 913례에서 비인두 흡인물을 채취하여 바이러스 배양 및 단일 클론 항체를 이용한 면역 형광 검사법으로 251례(27%)에서 호흡기바이러스가 분리되었다. 그 중 모세기관지염, 폐렴, 크룹, 기관 기관지염 등의 급성 하기도 감염증으로 진단 받은 208례의 의무기록을 후향적으로 고찰하였다. 결 과 : 1) RSV가 122례(58%)로 가장 많았고, PIV 30례(14%), INFB 21례(11%), INFA 20례(10%), ADV 15례(7%) 순이었다. 2) 발생시기는 RSV의 경우 1998년 12월과 1999년 11월에 많이 발생하였다. PIV는 연중 비슷하였고, INFA는 1999년 3월과 2000년 1월에 많이 검출되었다. INFB는 2002년 4월에 많이 발생하였고, ADV는 2000년을 제외하고는 연중 비슷하게 검출되었다. 3) 남녀 성별비는 1.8 : 1로 남아가 더 많았고, 중앙연령은 10개월이었다. 4) 임상적 진단에는 세기관지염 88례(43%), 폐렴 87례(42%), 크룹19례(9%), 기관 기관지염 14례(6%)의 순이었고, RSV의 경우 세기관지염이 70례(58%)였다. 5) 임상증상 및 징후에는 각 바이러스 모두 기침(93%), 비루(83%), 가래(74%), 발열(56%)이 많았고, ADV의 경우 발열(89%), 호흡곤란(56%)이 다른 바이러스에 비해서 높았다. 6) 청진 소견으로 천명음이 들렸던 경우는 RSV가 69%, INFA가 45%로 많았고, 건성수포음은 PIV가 52%, INFB가 38%로 많았으며 수포음은 ADV에서 89%로 높았다. 7) 말초 혈액 백혈구 수는 전체 59%에서 정상이었고, 39%에서 증가하였다. 적혈구 침강 속도는 73%에서 증가하였고, C 반응 단백은 21%에서 양성이었다. 8) 방사선 소견은 고찰이 가능하였던 206례 중 각 바이러스 모두 정상 소견이 가장 많았고, 과팽창은 RSV에서 많았다. 폐문 부위 기관지 침윤과 폐경화는 ADV에서 많았고, 하인두 확장은 PIV에서 현저하게 많았으며, 그 외 무기폐 소견도 있었다. 결 론 : 소아에서 급성 하기도 감염증의 중요한 원인을 차지하는 호흡기 바이러스는 각각 발생시기 및 유행양상이 다르고 임상 양상에서도 차이를 보였으나, 이에 더욱 많은 보고와 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 본다.

특허정보를 활용한 CCS(CO₂ Capture and Storage) 기술동향 분석

이수진,이윤석,이정구,홍순직,이중범,Lee, Su-Jin,Lee, Yun-Seock,Lee, Jeong-Gu,Hong, Soon-Jik,Lee, Joong-Beom 한국분말야금학회 2015 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.22 No.4

As recognized by all scientific and industrial groups, carbon dioxide($CO_2$) capture and storage(CCS) could play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Especially carbon capture technology by dry sorbent is considered as a most energy-efficient method among the existing CCS technologies. Patent analysis has been considered to be a necessary step for identifying technological trend and planning technology strategies. This paper is aimed at identifying evolving technology trend and key indicators of dry sorbent from the objective information of patents. And technology map of key patents is also presented. In this study the patents applied in korea, japan, china, canada, US, EU from 1993 to 2013 are analyzed. The result of patent analysis could be used for R&D and policy making of domestic CCS industry.

Propylene Oxide를 이용한 졸-겔법에 의한 MO·Fe₁₂O₁₈ (M/Ba, Sr) 나노 분말의 합성과 물리적 특성

이수진,최석범,곽형섭,백승욱,Lee, Su Jin,Choe, Seok Burm,Gwak, Hyung Sub,Paik, Seunguk 한국공업화학회 2006 공업화학 Vol.17 No.4

Propylene oxide (PPO)를 gelation agent로 한 졸-겔법으로 입자가 균일하고 자기적 특성이 우수한 $MO{\cdot}Fe_{12}O_{18}$ (M/Ba and Sr)의 구조식을 가지는 M-type hexagonal ferrite를 제조하였다. 본 방법으로 얻은 졸-겔용액은 매우 안정적인 분산상태를 보이며, $Fe^{3+}$의 겔화가 진행되고, 생성된 $Fe_2O_3$의 표면에서 $Ba^{2+}$ 또는 $Sr^{2+}$의 겔화가 진행되는 것으로 설명될 수 있어서, +3가 이하의 금속이라도 +3가 이상의 금속 존재 하에는 겔화가 가능한 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 기존 방법과 비교하여 값싼 원료를 사용하며, 반응 시간도 1 min 이내로 짧아지는 장점이 있다. 본 제조법으로 얻어진 분말은 기왕에 발표된 문헌 값과 비교하면 $150^{\circ}C$ 이상 낮은 열처리 온도에서 최고의 자기적 특성을 나타냈으며, 향상된 자기적 특성을 보였다. Sr-ferrite의 경우 최대포화자화 값 74.4 emu/g, 보자력 값 6198 Oe을, Ba-ferrite의 경우도 최대포화자화 값 68.1 emu/g, 보자력 값 5155 Oe을 보였다. 이들은 기존에 발표된 문헌 값과 비교하면 각각 10%와 5% 이상 증가된 보자력 값을 나타내어, 고밀도 자기기록재료에 적합함을 확인하였다. 제조된 분말은 1차 건조 분말의 경우 3~5 nm의 입자들이 응집된 50 nm 정도의 구형입자가 생성되고, 열처리 후에는 500 nm 정도의 고른 크기를 가진 육각판상형 입자가 생성된다. Nano sized mixed metal hexagonal ferrite powders with improved magnetic properties have been prepared by sol-gel method using propylene oxide as a gelation agent. To obtain the desired ferrite, two different metal ions were used. One of the ions has only +2 formal charge. The key step in the processes is that hydrated $Ba^{2+}$ or $Sr^{2+}$ ions are hydrolyzed and condensed at the surface of the previously formed $Fe_{2}O_{3}$ gel. In this processes, all the reaction can be finished within a few minutes. The magnetic properties of the produced powder were improved by heat treatment. The highest values of the magnetic properties were achieved at temperature $150^{\circ}C$ lower than those of the previously published values. The highest observed values of coercivity and the saturation magnetization of Sr-ferrite and Ba-ferrite powder were 6198 Oe, 5155 Oe and 74.4 emu/g, 68.1 emu/g, respectively. The ferrite powder annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ showed spherical particle shapes. The resulting spheres which were formed by the aggregation of nanoparticles with size 3~5 nm have diameter around 50 nm. The powder treated at $800^{\circ}C$ showed hexagonal-shaped grains with crystallite size above 500 nm.

Real Time On-line Quality Assurance System for HDR Brachytherapy

이수진,이레나,이병용,임상욱,최진호,Lee Su Jin,Lee Re Na,Yi Byang Yang,Lim Sang Waak,Choi Jin Ho Korean Society of Medical Physics 2004 의학물리 Vol.15 No.3

고선량률 후 장착 근접치료 과정에서의 필수적인 정도 관리(QA) 과정은 Ir-192 선원 위치의 정확성을 검증하는 것이다. 눈금자나 방사선 사진(autoradiograph), 비디오 모니터(video monitor) 등을 이용한 여러 방법들이 Ir-192 선원의 위치적인 오차를 점검하기 위해 사용됨이 보고되고 있다. 본 논문에서는, fluorescent screen 과 CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) PC 카메라를 이용하는 방법을 새로운 고선량률 근접치료의 정도 관리 (QA) 도구로 사용할 수 있는 가능성에 대해 연구하였다. 계획된 dwell position 과 그 측정값은 1 mm 이내에서 일치함을 보였고, dwell time의 정확성은 0.4초 이내였다. 이번 연구의 결과는 CMOS PC 카메라를 사용하여 새롭게 제작된 정도 관리(QA) 시스템이 선원의 위치와 dwell time점검이 실시간으로 가능한 정도 관리(QA) 도구로 사용될 수 있음을 보여준다. An essential quality assurance (QA) procedure in high dose rate (HDR) remote after-loading brachytherapy is that of the verification of the Ir-192 HDR source positioning accuracy. A number of methods using mechanical rulers or autoradiograph and video cameras have been reported to check the positional error of the Ir-192 source. In this study, the feasibility of a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) PC camera, with a fluorescent screen, was investigated. The agreement between the planned and measured dwell position was better than 1 mm and dwell times better than 0.4 sec. Our results indicate that the CMOS PC camera system could be used as a QA tool for the on-line determination of the source position and dwell time.

CBCL을 통해 살펴본 아동 사상체질별 문제행동의 차이 분석

이수진,심윤민,김현진,김현정,김명근,김경선,채한,Lee, Soo Jin,Sim, Yunmin,Kim, Hyun Jin,Kim, Hyun Jung,Kim, Myoung-Geun,Kim, Kyung-Seon,Chae, Han 대한한방소아과학회 2013 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Objectives The goal of the present study was to elucidate the characteristics of behavior problems in Sasang typology with child patients. Methods Subjects consisted of 176 (95 boys, 81 girls) children from 36 months to 83 months were diagnosed by two clinical experts in pediatrics and Sasang medicine. There were 22 So-Yang types, 141 Tae-Eum types, and 13 So-Eum types. The behavior problems were measured with Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used for the analysis. Results There were no significant differences between Sasang types among subject's age (F(2, 173)=.190, p=.827) and sex (${\chi}^2$(2, N=176)=1.639, p=.441) as well as their mother's age (F(2, 169)=.060, p=.942) and education level (${\chi}^2$(4, N=172)=.394, p=.983) and their father's age (F(2, 168)=1.184, p=.309) and education level (${\chi}^2$(4, N=172)=5.664, p=.226). So-Yang types ($50.14{\pm}22.35$; $17.27{\pm}8.60$) had higher scores than Tae-Eum types ($38.74{\pm}21.32$; $12.62{\pm}7.98$) in total problems and internalizing problems score of the CBCL, respectively. More specifically, So-Yang types ($5.90{\pm}2.81$; $3.77{\pm}1.90$) had significantly higher depression/anxiety and somatization subscale score than Tae-Eum types ($4.04{\pm}2.73$; $2.30{\pm}2.12$). Scores of So-Yang types were significantly higher than those of CBCL clinical group in depression/anxiety and somatization subscales. Conclusions There were significant differences between child outpatients with different Sasang types, which would be taken into consideration concerning development of Sasang type diagnosis in addition to parenting, treatment, and prevention for children.

싱글모드 파이버 레이저를 이용한 SUS304와 Ti 이종재료의 용접속도에 따른 용접특성

이수진,카타야먀 세이지,김종도,Lee, Su-Jin,Katayama, Seiji,Kim, Jong-Do 대한용접접합학회 2013 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.31 No.5

The joining of Ti and SUS304 dissimilar metals is one of the effective measures to save rare metal. But Ti and SUS304 have differences in materials properties, and Ti and Fe intermetallic compounds such as TiFe and $TiFe_2$ are easily formed in weld fusion zone between Ti and SUS304. Nevertheless, in this study, full penetration lap dissimilar welding of Ti and SUS304 using single-mode fiber laser with ultra-high welding speed was tried, and it was found out that ultra-high welding speed could control the generation of intermetallic compound. To recognize the formation of intermetallic phase in the weld fusion zone and the compound zone of interface weld area were observed and analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). And it was confirmed that the ultra-high welding speed could reduce amount of intermetallic compounds, but the intermetallic compounds were existed in the weld fusion zone under the all conditions.

부모 동거 미혼자의 계층 의식 및 생활 만족도를 결정하는 요인: 부모 동거 미혼자의 성별에 따른 부모의 사회 경제적 자원의 효과를 중심으로

이수진,Lee, Sujin 대한가정학회 2021 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.59 No.4

The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of parents' socio-economic resources on the class consciousness and life satisfaction of unmarried adult children living with their parents. Data from the 2^nd year (1999) and 22^nd year (2019) of the Korean Labor & Income Panel Study (KLIPS) were used. The study included individuals aged under 25-44 who were unmarried, lived with their parents, and had graduated out of final school. From the 2^nd year (1999), data for 491 people were extracted, and from the 22^nd year (2019), data for 978 people were extracted. The information on the fathers and mothers was obtained from the information on the households data, it was responded by the unmarried children. The main results are as follows. First, one of the characteristics of unmarried children living with their parents is that the average age was higher in 2019 than in 1999. Additionally, although they work and have their own income, they live in houses owned by their parents. Their levels of satisfaction with both the living environment and family relationships were high. It was found that the influence of parents' income increased in 2019 compared with 1999 in the class consciousness. As a factor that influences life satisfaction, the employment status of the father has a positive effect on the life satisfaction for men, whereas the employment status of the mother has a positive effect on the life satisfaction for women.

인알부민 투여가 스테로이드 반응성 신증후군의 임상경과에 미치는 영향

이수진,정지아,황수자,이승주,Lee Soo Jin,Jeong Ji A,Hwang Soo Ja,Lee Seung Joo 대한소아신장학회 2000 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.4 No.2

Purpose : Intravenous infusion of albumin has been widely und to relieve severe nephrotic edema in spite of beneficial or harmful effects. The purpose of this study is to examine the harmful effect of albumin on the clinical course of steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS). Method : We prospectively randomized the patients with nephrotic syndrome(biopsy proven or clinically compatible to minimal change nephrotic syndrome) into the albumin group(20$\%$ albumin 1 g/kg) or control group(5$\%$ D/W) between March 1997 and September 1999 at Ewha University Mokdong Hospital. We compared the clinical course of the albumin group(n=13) with the control group(n=13). Results : 1. The duration of steroid therapy until complete remission in the albumin group was significantly longer than the control group($13.7{\pm}6.4\;days\;vs\;7.5{\pm}2.8\;days$)(P<0.05). 2. The remission duration to the first relapse was significantly shorter in the albumin group ($94{\pm}63.5$ days) than the control group($190{\pm}106.4$ days)(P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in the relapse rate within 1 year after complete remission[77$\%$ (10/13) vs 46$\%$ (6/13)](P>0.05) and the relapse frequency per year($1.9{\pm}0.8\;vs\;1.5{\pm}0.5$) between the albumin and control groups. 3. Spot urine protein/creatinine ratio significantly increased in the albumin group at post-albumin 2, 4 days(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the change of the daily percent weight loss, blood pressure, serum Na, K concentration between the albumin and control groups. Conclusion : Albumin infusion in SSNS delayed the response to steroid and shortened the remission duration to the first relapse. Albumin should be carefully used in nephrotic edema. 목 적 : 고농도 인알부민은 신증후군성 부종의 치료에 효과적으로 사용되어 왔으나 고혈압, 심부전등의 위험이 있고 알부민 투여에 따른 고단백 부하가 병적인 사구체 상피세포의 손상을 가중시켜 신증후군의 임상적 경과에 나쁜 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 것으로 보고되었다. 이에 저자들은 신증후군 환아에서 인알부민 투여가 신증후군의 임상 결과에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 전향적인 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1997년 3월부터 1999년 9월까지 이화의대 부속 목동병원 소아과에 신증후군으로 입원한 환아중 신조직 검사상 미세변화형이었으나 재발하였거나 임상적으로 미세변화형에 합당하였던 환아에게 무작위로 20$\%$ 알부민 1 g/kg과 furosemide 2 mg/kg를 1-3일간 정맥 투여하였다. 이중 표준 스테로이드 치료(prednisolone 2 mg/kg 또는 calcort-한독약품 2.4 mg/kg)에 8주 내에 반응을 보이고 1년 이상 추적 관찰이 가능했던 스테로이드 반응성 신증후군 환아 26명 (알부민 투여군 13명, 대조군 13명)을 대상으로 임상경과를 비교하였다. 결 과 : 1) 완전 관해까지의 스테로이드 치료기간은 알부민 투여군에서 $13.7{\pm}6.4$일의 대조군의 $7.5{\pm}2.8$일보다 유의하게 길었다 (P<0.05). 2) 첫 재발까지의 기간은 알부민 투여군에서 $94{\pm}63.5$일로 대조군의 $190{\pm}106.4$일에 비하여 유의하게 짧았다 (P<0.05). 완전 관해후 1년내 재발율은 알부민 투여군에서 77$\%$ (10/13)로 대조군의 46$\%$(6/13)보다 높았으나 두군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다 (P>0.05). 완전 관해후 1년간 재발 횟수는 알부민 투여군이 $1.9{\pm}0.8$회로 대조군의 $1.5{\pm}0.5$회와 유의한 차이는 없었다 (P>0.05). 3) 일회뇨단백/크레아티닌 비는 알부민 투여군에서 투여 후 2, 4일에 유의하게 증가하였다 (P<0.05). 4) 일일체중감소, 혈압, 혈청 Na, K 농도의 변화에는 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 결 론 : 스테로이드 반응성 신증후군에서 인알부민 투여는 스테로이드에 대한 반응을 지연시키고 첫 재발까지의 기간을 단축시키는등 임상결과를 악화시킬 수도 있으므로 알부민 투여에 신중을 기하여야 할 것으로 생각된다.

Involvement of Ca2+/Calmodulin Kinase II (CaMK II) in Genistein-Induced Potentiation of Leucine/Glutamine-Stimulated Insulin Secretion

이수진,Hyo-Eun Kim,Sung-E Choi,Ha-Chul Shin,Won-Jae Kwag,Byung-Kyu Lee,Ki-Woong Cho,강엽 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.28 No.3

Genistein has been reported to potentiate glucosestimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Inhibitory activity on tyrosine kinase or activation of protein kinase A (PKA) was shown to play a role in the genistein-induced potentiation effect on GSIS. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of genistein-induced potentiation of insulin secretion. Genistein augmented insulin secretion in INS-1 cells stimulated by various energygenerating nutrients such as glucose, pyruvate, or leucine/ glutamine (Leu/Gln), but not the secretion stimulated by depolarizing agents such as KCl and tolbutamide, or Ca2+ channel opener Bay K8644. Genistein at a concentration of 50 μM showed a maximum potentiation effect on Leu/Gln-stimulated insulin secretion, but this was not sufficient to inhibit the activity of tyrosine kinase. Inhibitor studies as well as immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that activation of PKA was little involved in genistein- induced potentiation of Leu/Gln-stimulated insulin secretion. On the other hand, all the inhibitors of Ca2+/ calmodulin kinase II tested, significantly diminished genistein- induced potentiation. Genistein also elevated the levels of [Ca2+]i and phospho-CaMK II. Furthermore, genistein augmented Leu/Gln-stimulated insulin secretion in CaMK II-overexpressing INS-1 cells. These data suggest that the activation of CaMK II played a role in genisteininduced potentiation of insulin secretion.