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이세환(Lee, See Hwan) 한국민간경비학회 2012 한국민간경비학회보 Vol.11 No.3
한국의 민간경비는 1976년의 용역경비업법의 제정 이후 2012년 6월까지 16회의 개정을 통하여 고객에 대한 치안서비스를 제공하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 발전에도 불구하고 여러 가지의 문제점들이 나타나고 있다. 이러한 문제점들은 크게 네 가지로 구분할 수 있는데 첫째, 민간 경비 업무범위 협소이다. 둘째, 경비원의 교육훈련제도의 개선 셋째, 민간경비의 전문성 미흡. 넷째, 계약에 관한 소비자 보호의 미흡이다. 따라서 변화하고 있는 치안 환경적 변화에 적응하고 고객의 수요에 적절하게 대응하기 위해서 한국의 민간경비업의 법적 정비가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 민간경비의 제도 및 환경이 유사한 발전을 이루고 있는 일본의 경비업법을 중심으로 한국의 경비업법 개정 방안을 살펴보았다. 첫째, 경비업무 범위의 확대이다. 경비업무에서 그 중요성이 증대되고 있는 교통유도경비 업무의 추가이다. 둘째, 경비원의 교육훈련 강화이다. 신임교육의 경우 경비원 근무 배치전 사전교육과 기본교육 및 업무별 교육으로 구분하고 교육 후 각각의 현장에서 실무교육을 받도록 해야 한다. 경비원 직무교육도 1년에 1한번은 상반기와 하반기 중 선택하여 경비협회 및 전문교육기관에서 현실에 적합한 교육프로그램을 제공하도록 하여 교육의 실효성을 제고 해야 한다. 경비지도사 현임지도교육책임자강습제도의 도입이다. 셋째, 전문성 제고를 위한 검정제도의 도입이다. 업무별로 세분화 하여 이들의 경비업무의 수행을 높이기 위해 일정수준 이상의 지식 및 능력을 필요로 하는 검정제도(1급 및 2급으로 구분하고 학과시험 및 실기시험 시행)를 도입해야한다. 넷째, 고객에 대한 보호제도를 강화해야 한다. 한국에서도 모든 업종에서 경비업무 계약 사전ㆍ사후에 대한 서면교부를 의무화와 하며 그 내용으로 계약 시 사전설명과 사후 설명, 계약 위반 시, 해약 시에 대한 배상문제 등에 대한 내용을 삽입해야하며 위반 할 경우에 고객에 대한 보호를 강화하기 위해 벌칙사항에서 과태료로 되어 있는 벌칙조항을 벌금형으로 강화해야 한다. Korean Private security offers public order services for the client from establishment of Services Security Industry Act in 1976 to 16 times’ revision in June 2012. But, in spite of the development, many problems appear, classified with four ones in large. First, the Private security fields are confined. Second, educational train institution of security persons is poor. Third, professionalism of Private security is insufficient. Fourth, consumer protection on contract is insufficient. So, it is necessary to organize Korean Private security industry legally to adapt to conditional public order changes and to respond to the client’s demand. This study looked into the way to revise Korean Security Industry Act, centering on Japanese Security Industry Act, for the development of institution and condition of the latter is similar to that of the former. First, the field of security affairs demands expansion. Traffic instruction security affairs demands addition. Second, security persons have to be well educated and trained. New appointment education has to be classified with basic education and respective affair education. Afterwards, they have to take practical affair education at sites. Security persons have to take educational programs appropriate to real actuality at security associations and special educational organizations, selecting one of the first half of the year or the second half of the year, to get a fruit of educations. Security instructors, on the basis of introduced systems, have to lecture the persons who take charge of site-appointed employ education, Third, it is necessary to introduce the system of examination to enhance professionalism. The examination subject has to test knowledges and abilities higher than a confined level to enhance security affair performance ability with affairs classified. (The examination has to include subject examination and practical skill examination, classified with grade1 and grade2). Fourth, protection systems for customers have to be enhanced. In Korea, all of the security business persons have to report by paper before and after security affair contract. They have to explain the contents before and after contracts, insert contract violation and compensation at cancels. If they don’t observe it, they have to be punished by fine, not by charge, to protect consumers.
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이세환 ( See Hwan Lee ) 한국경찰학회 2012 한국경찰학회보 Vol.14 No.2
Among the traditional roles of a nation, the most fundamental function was public peace and national defense. Such public peace services were provided only by a nation or public institutions in terms of providing subjects in the past, whereas such roles are assumed by private security in the contemporary time. So, the purpose of this study is to consider the characters (natures) of private security, In order to understand the characters which private security contains, this study considered the characters of private security by investigating empirically the present state of private security in the regulative contents (the scope of duties, permit and management, officers` disqualification, and education) on the basis of Security Industry Law, and the perception of private security-related workers on such regulations. Based on the results of this study, the followings should be considered in order to understand the characters of private security. First, private security is public peace services. Although there are some overlaps or some differences between the public peace services which public police(order maintenance, law enforcement, and service provision) provides and the public peace services (facilities, escort, electronic, security guard(body guard), and special security) which private security provides, private security also provides public peace services as well. Second, public peace service are public services. If public services are generally regarded as the activities which a nation or a public institutionexecutes for public interest, public peace services are one of public services. Especially, in function, public peace services perform the function of maintaining public order and protecting citizens` personal and physical resources from the risks of crimes, disorders, and all disasters. Third, the public peace services which private security provides are regulated by a nation. Public peace services receive a nation`s regulations (supervision, permit, mission, education, offices` disqualification, and punishment) through its laws. Each nation regulates the field of private security by diverse methods. Such nation utilizes the direct regulative methods such as permits. Also, such nation utilizes the indirect regulative methods by requesting the related certificates of qualification or the completion of education time for performing the jobs in the fields of duties. That is, the public peace services which private security executes are the public services which a nation should execute originally. However, owing to several reasons, private sector provides public peace services instead of a nation. Thus, in order to maintain the publicness which private security should keep, each nation regulates private security by diverse methods. This perception is also shown in investigating private security-related workers` (policemen, security industry employers, and guards) perception on such regulations. The workers who are engaged in private security perceive that, because the attributes of private security include the value to pursue public interest, it is necessary to regulate such private security at a minimum through a nation or public institutions. In the basis of these results of this study, the character of private security is that private security has its publicness. It is meaningful that, in order to understand the characters of private security, this study examined the legal aspect and perceptional aspect of private security and confirmed the relation between private security and publicness by using the concepts of publicness, public interest, and public services.
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