말초조직염증이 흰쥐 척수 및 등쪽뿌리신경절의 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 및 trkB에 미치는 영향

이성락(Sung-Lak Lee),김정기(Jeong-Ki Kim),도미향(Mi-Hyang Do),김효신(Hyo-Sin Kim),이상지(Sang-Ji Lee),김동선(Dong-Sun Kim),조희중(Hee-Jung Cho) 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.6

최근 본 연구자들은 실험동물의 말초조직에 염증을 유발시켰을 때 등쪽뿌리신경절(DRG)에서 brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA가 증가하였고 이것은 신경성장인자를 매개로 일어난다고 보고하였다. 이때, 말초조직염증은 DRG 및 척수에서 BDNF를 증가시키며 또한 이 부위에서 trkB mRNA의 발현에 변화를 가져올 것으로 기대되어 본 연구에서는 Freund’s adjuvant를 흰쥐의 한쪽 뒷발바닥에 주사하여 염증을 유발시킨 후 DRG 및 척수에서의 BDNF 면역반응성의 변화를 면역조직화학기법으로, trkB mRNA의 양적변화를 RT-PCR법으로, 또한 in situ hybridization 기법을 이용하여 BDNF mRNA와 preprotachykinin (PPT) mRNA, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) mRNA 혹은 trkB mRNA와의 공존여부를 연구하여 다음의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 말초조직염증을 유발시켰을 때 주사 후 1 및 3일째에 DRG에서 BDNF 면역반응 신경세포의 수가 유의하게 증가하였고 7일 후에는 정상치로 회복되었다. 척수의 경우 등쪽뿔의 층판 I, II, IV 및 V에서 주사 후 1 및 3일째에 BDNF 면역반응 축삭종말의 수가 유의하게 증가하였으며 7일 후에는 정상치로 회복되었다. 2. 말초조직염증을 유발시킨 후 DRG에서는 3일째에 truncated trkB (trkB.T) mRNA의 증가를 볼 수 있었으며 full-length trkB (trkB.FL) mRNA의 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 척수의 경우 trkB.T mRNA 및 trkB.FL mRNA의 변화는 없었다. 3. DRG에서는 많은 BDNF mRNA 함유신경세포들이 말초조직염증 유발 후 PPT mRNA 혹은 CGRP mRNA를 공유하였다. 4. DRG의 BDNF mRNA 함유신경세포는 trkB mRNA를 거의 공유하지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보았을 때 BDNF는 말초조직염증에 의한 동통의 전달에 중요한 역할을 할 뿐만 아니라 DRG에서는 측분비기능 (paracrine function)도 가지는 것으로 사료되었다. Recent study showed that peripheral inflammation induced an increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA which was mediated by nerve growth factor in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Therefore, it is conceivable that peripheral inflammation may induce an increase in BDNF synthesis in DRG and consequently enhance the level of BDNF in the spinal cord and that gene expression of trkB mRNA may be altered. In the present study, we evaluated changes in BDNF-immunoreactivity and trkB mRNA in the DRG and spinal cord by means of immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, respectively, following peripheral tissue inflammation produced by intraplantar injection of Freund’s adjuvant into rat paws. In addition, coexistence of BDNF and preprotachykinin (PTT) mRNAs, BDNF and CGRP mRNAs or BDNF and trkB mRNAs in the DRG following inflammation was observed by means of in situ hybridization. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Inflammation induced a significant increase of the number of BDNF-immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the ipsilateral DRGs. The increase was observed 1 and 3 days after injection of adjuvant, and the levels had returned to normal by 7 days. In the spinal cord, inflammation also induced an elevation in the expression of BDNF-IR terminals in the medial superficial layers of the ipsilateral dorsal horn and in lamina V 1 and 3 days after injection. 2. There was significant increase of truncated trkB (t-trkB) mRNA in the ipsilateral DRG 3 days following inflammation. Changes in the expression of trkB mRNA in the DRG or trkB and t-trkB mRNAs in the spinal cord were not observed. 3. Many neurons showed increased coexistence of BDNF and PTT mRNAs or BDNF and CGRP mRNAs in the DRG following inflammation. 4. Few neurons showed coexistence of BDNF and trkB mRNAs in the DRG following inflammation. The results suggest a paracrine function for BDNF within the DRG in addition to an important role related with nociception following peripheral inflammation.

정수장 오존공정에서의 배오존처리시설 최적화에 관한 고찰

이성락(Sung Lak Lee),조우현(Woo Hyeun Joe),안치화(Chi Hwa An) 대한설비공학회 2017 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.6

국내에서는 최근 수돗물 수질개선의 일환으로 정수장에서의 오존공정도입이 활발해지고 있다. 그러나 오존공정은 운영상의 문제점으로 오존가스의 누기에 의한 작업환경이 열악한 경우가 많다. 주요 원인으로 오존 접촉조에서의 배오존설비가 불량하거나, 오존공정 유출수의 잔류오존이 후속공정(입상활성탄지)에서 휘산되어 오존가스로 발생함으로써 작업장 대기환경허용기준을 초과하여 운영자의 건강에 해가 되며, 오존의 강한 산화력으로 인해 각종 시설이 부식되는 문제가 발생한다. 최근 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 서울시 정수장에서는 오존공정의 배오존설비를 최적화하고, 잔류오존을 제거하기 위한 신기술 적용을 하고 있다. 특히 서울시 영등포 정수센터에서는 서울시 자체 개발한 특허기술 친환경오존접촉조 신공법을 시범적용하고 있다. 친환경오존접촉조 기술은 오존접촉조 후단에 안트라사이트가 충전된 접촉조를 설치하여 무동력으로 잔류오존을 제거하는 방식이다. 건설초기 시공 및 운영과정에서의 구조적인 문제점이 있었으나 2016년 11월 설비개선을 통하여 기술의 안정화를 기하고 있다. 이러한 기술개발과 개선 노력을 통하여 향후 국내외 수처리 운영자들이 보다 안전한 환경에서 오존공정을 운영하기를 기대한다.

두개강내로 침윤을 보인 안와 해면상 림프관종 - 증 례 보 고 -

김기현,이성락,조재훈,강동기,김상철,Kim, Gi Hyune,Lee, Sung Lak,Cho, Jae Hoon,Kang, Dong Gee,Kim, Sang Chul 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.1

Lymphangioma is a rare benign developmental vascular tumor that may be found in orbit, skull and elsewhere in head and neck. Few cases of extension of this benign but insidious tumor posteriorly out of the bony orbital cavity have been reported. The patient was 40-year-old man complaining of proptosis of right eye for one month. Physical examination revealed severe right exophthalmus, impairment of eyeball movement in all directions. Visual acuity was much impaired and he could percept only light with right eye. CT and MRI scans showed intraconal and extraconal involvement of ill-defined, heterogenous mass with extension of the tumor posteriorly beyond the orbital cavity involving right frontal and temporal lobe, skull and subcutaneous tissue. The tumor was subtotally removed via orbito-frontal approach without damaging vital neural and orbital component. Then, orbital roof reconstruction and cranioplasty were done with resin. Successful surgical removal of lymphangioma is very difficult due to its severe infiltration to surrounding tissue and tendency to bleed during debulking. We report a rare case of orbital cavernous lymphangioma with intracranial extension treated with surgical decompression, with review of literatures.

요추간 수핵탈출증에서 경피적 내시경 수핵절제술의 장기 임상 결과

김기현,이성락,조재훈,강동기,김상철,Kim, Gi Hyune,Lee, Sung Lak,Cho, Jae Hoon,Kang, Dong Gee,Kim, Sang Chul 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.2

Between January 1995 and May 1998, 177 patients with proven lumbar disc herniation were treated by microdiscectomy or by percutaneous endoscopic discectomy(PED). Among them, 43(24.2%) patients underwent PED and were followed for long term outcome. We included only those patients who were followed up more than 13 months. Three patients who did not improved immediately after PED and underwent microdiscectomy were excluded for this study. Of remaining 40 patients, there were 22 men and 18 women who ranged in age from 23 to 68 years (mean 38.1 years). The disc herniations were located at L1-2(1), L2-3(1), L3-4(1), L4-5(26) and L5-S1(11). Three patients were treated by biportal approach. The mean follow up period was 34.7 months(range 13-47 months). Overall, excellent and good results were achieved in 12(30%) and 19(47.5%) patients, and fair and poor results in 7(17.5%) and 2(5%) patients, respectively. Thirty-eight(95%) patients returned to their previous works and the mean duration was 5.7 months. Thirty-three(82.5%) patients answered that they would recommend this procedure to others. There was no complication except for one patient who suffered from discitis. The indication of PED is restricted to contained or small subligamentous lumbar disc herniation without stenosis, spondylolisthesis and sequestration. PED can be performed under local anesthesia and tissue trauma, risk of epidural scarring, hospitalization time and postoperative morbidity are minimal. The result of the present study justify the assumption that PED can be a surgical alternative for patients suitable for its indications.

환축추체 후방 나사고정술 후 생긴 동정맥루

이혁기,조재훈,이성락,강동기,김상철,김용선,Lee, Hyuk Gi,Cho, Jae Hoon,Lee, Sung Lak,Kang, Dong Gee,Kim, Sang Chul,Kim, Yong Sun 대한신경외과학회 2000 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.29 No.2

Posterior transarticular screw fixation for atlantoaxial instability due to trauma or rheumatoid arthritis provides immediate rigid fixation of the C1-2 vertebral segment while preserving motion between the occiput and C1. This technique provides more resistance to translational and rotational forces than wiring technique. However, the technique of transarticular screw fixation is inherently demanding because of the complex anatomy of the occipitocervical region and vertebral artery(VA) at risk for arterial damage. VA injury may lead to serious subsequent neurological deficits and possibly death from bilateral VA injury. We report a case of a vertebral artery-to-epidural venous plexus fistula after posterior transarticular screw fixation which was treated with balloon occlusion.

Willis환 내 뇌동맥류 진단시 전산화단층촬영 뇌혈관 조영술의 유용성

이혁기,조재훈,이성락,강동기,김상철,Lee, Hyuk Gi,Cho, Jae Hoon,Lee, Sung Lak,Kang, Dong Gee,Kim, Sang Chul 대한신경외과학회 2000 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.29 No.3

Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare computed tomographic angiography(CTA) with conventional cerebral angiography(CCA) and to assess usefulness of CTA in detection and anatomic definition of intracranial aneurysms of the circle of Willis in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients and Methods : Fifty consecutive patients with known or suspected intracranial saccular aneurysms underwent CTA with preoperative CCA from 1997 to 1999. Using surface shaded display post-processing technique, CTA was interpreted for the presence, location of aneurysms and anatomic features. The image obtained with CTA was then compared with CCA image. Results : In 47 patients, CCA revealed 57 cerebral aneurysms and CTA revealed 54 aneurysms. Two of the 57 cerebral aneurysms were located outside of the imaging volume of CTA and one case was misdiagnosed. The sensitivity of CTA was 94.7% and the specificity was 100%. The results obtained with CTA were, compared with the results obtained with CCA, equal in determining dome shape, direction and lobularity. However, CTA provided a 3-dimensional representation of aneurysmal lesion very useful for surgical planning. Moreover, CTA was useful for rapid and relatively noninvasive detection of aneurysms in the circle of Willis. Conclusion : CTA can be a diagnostic tool for the patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured aneurysm of the circle of Willis and provides adequate anatomic detail for surgical planning, especially to complex cerebral aneurysms. However, we think CCA is necessary because of CTA limitations including its difficulty in detecting unusually located aneurysms(including those in cavernous sinus or distal artery) and combined vascular lesion (including arteriovenous malformation) and acquiring dynamic flow information.