감로도에 나타난 아귀의 정체성 연구

이선이(李鮮?) 원광대학교 원불교사상연구원 2023 원불교사상과 종교문화 Vol.98 No.-

In currently the oldest currently available Yangak[揚諤]s Cheonjimyeongyangsulyug-uimun[天地冥陽水陸儀文] has accepted the concept of vidyārāja[明王] of the wrathful Buddha[忿怒尊] and the Pure Land rebirth of the seven-tathagata-yogas through the cursed energy[呪力] adhiṣṭhāna(加持). Geondanbeop[建壇法] is based on the Sibji[十地] - practice of the Geumgwangmyeongchoiseungwang-Kyung[金光明最勝王經] and the adhiṣṭhāna of the seven-tathagatas of the Yugajibyoguanandalaniyeomgugweuigyeongkyung [瑜伽集要救阿難陀羅尼焰口軌儀經] . Hyeso(慧沼) interprets the darani-practice of the Shibji[十地]-Bodhisattva in Geumgwangmyeongchoiseungwang-Kyung as what the Bijeung(悲增)-Bodhisattva and the Jijeung(智增)-Bodhisattva look at each other[望], showing the same world of Shibji. But, in Yangaks Cheonjimyeongyangsulyug-uimun , the ten vidyā-rāja of the wrathful buddha are accepted, but the icon of vidyā-rāja of the wrathful buddha as a Gyolyeonglyunsin(敎令輪身) is not yet revealed. Afterwards, Bijeung-Bodhisattva and Jijeung-Bodhisattva accepted in the Mita-Chambeop[彌陀懺法] of Yetnyemitadoryang-Chambeop(禮念彌陀道場懺法) edited by Wangjaseong(王子成), are accepted as the logic of the ritual of dharma to seek rebirth in the 9 items[九品]. Mita-Chambeop, the form of this ritual of dharma, is accepted in Sulyugmuchapyeongdeungjaeuichwalyo(水陸無遮平等齋儀撮要) . Yangaks Cheonjimyeong - yangsulyug - uimun is influencing Cheonjimyeongyangsurukjaeuihymnyo(天地冥陽水陸齋義纂要) . Finally, the vidyā-rāja of the wrathful Buddha of the collection of rituals for the spirits on water and land is revealed as a Gyolyeonglyunsin with the characteristics of both a vidyā-rāja and a Bodhisattva through the iconography of Amrita Buddhist Painting. The two vidyā-rājas are of the rebirth in the 9 items, Avalokitesvara appears in the form of Bijeung-Bodhisattva and Mahāsthāmaprāpta appears in the form of Jijeung-Bodhisattva, who helps with rebirth. Vidyā-rājas, the embodiment of mercy and wisdom, shows the shape of Gyolyeonglyunsin performing different activities by assuming the Ālīḑha and the Pratyālīha. In this way, the vidyā-rājas of the 1 vidyā-rāja or the 2 vidyā-rājas is a Gyonyeongryun deity based on the rebirth in the 9 item pure lands, and their identity is manifasted by Bijung-Bodhisattva and Jijeung-Bodhisattva.

조선후기 水陸齋文에 나타난 불교음식 연구

이선이(李鮮?) 원광대학교 원불교사상연구원 2021 원불교사상과 종교문화 Vol.90 No.-

이 논문은 지환의 『천지명양수륙재의범음산보집』의 육색장축원문에서 불교음식의 특징을 고찰한 것이다. 조선 후기에는 수륙재를 설행하는 기간과 시설하는 단(壇)이 점차 줄어드는 현상이 나타난다. 그 이유는 경제적인 부담을 줄이기 위한 현상으로 해석된다. 비록 설행하는 규모는 줄이지만, 음식을 준비하는 소임은 한국적인 용어를 사용하며 체계화하고 있다. 이러한 특징은 중국에서 인식하고 있는 수륙재의 의미보다는 음식을 매개체로 하는 의례라는 인식의 전환이 반영된 것이라고 해석할 수 있다. 이 과정에서 공양물의 중요함이 강조되고, 국가조직인 육조(六曹)에서 실무를 담당하는 육색장(六色掌)의 이름을 받아들인다. 그리고 수륙재에서 준비해야 할 공양물을 만드는 직책을 육색장이라고 불렀다. 이러한 특징은 1600년 이전에 성립된 것으로 판단된다. 육색장은 밥을 짓는 반두(飯頭), 밀가루·기름·꿀로 유밀과를 만드는 조과(造菓), 떡을 만드는 조병(造餠), 차를 끓이는 다각(茶角), 정과를 만드는 숙두(熟頭), 국을 끓이는 채로(菜露)이다. 육색장은 아니지만, 육색장이 원하는 것을 만들 수 있도록 재료와 도구를 준비하는 별좌(別座)도 중요한 소임이다. 육색장은 조리 방법을 기준으로 결정된다. 반두는 곡식 낱알을 찌고, 조과는 곡식 가루를 반죽하여 튀기고, 조병은 곡식 가루를 찌고, 다각은 차를 끓이고, 숙두는 근·줄기·열매를 꿀로 졸이고, 채로는 물에 끓인다. 음식으로는 밥, 유밀과, 떡, 차, 정과, 국이다. 한국식생활의 기본 요소인 밥과 국을 제외하면, 떡과 유밀과는 수륙재의 음식에서 중심이 된다. 이는 경전에서 최고의 공양물로 여기는 기름과 꿀을 이용한 유밀과가 수륙재에 전승되고 있는 증거이다. 이와 같이 육색장은 조리법을 기준으로 역할을 나누어 조직화하며, 떡과 유밀과는 불교음식으로 전승된다. 그리고 육색장의 직책 이름이 청규나 경전·주석서에 보이지 않는 것은 한국수륙재의 특징으로 판단할 수 있다. 한국수륙재가 수륙재의 공양물에 좀 더 의미를 부여한다는 뜻이다. 지환의 『천지명양수륙재의범음산보집』육색장축원문에는 불교음식의 의미와 분류체계가 나타나며, 유밀과의 전승 모습을 나타낸다. The characteristics of Buddhist food were found in the original text of Jihwan(智還)"s 『CheonjiMyeongyangsuryukjaeieubeomeumsanbojip』 of Yugsaegjangchugwon-text. In the late Joseon Dynasty for Suryukjae, the period of installation and the mandala of installation are gradually decreasing. The reason is interpreted as a phenomenon to reduce the economic burden. Although the economic scale of Seolhaeng is reduced, the job of preparing food is systematized using Korean terminology. This characteristic can be interpreted as shifting to the recognition of rituals using food as a medium rather than the meaning of Suryukjae recognized in China. In this process, the importance of offerings is emphasized, and the name of the Yuksaekjang(六色掌) is accepted. The job of making offerings to be prepared in Suryukjae was called Yuksaekjang. And it can be judged that it was established before 1600s. Yuksaekjang is an artificially made confection that person who cooks(飯頭), artificially made confection(造菓), rice cake maker(造餠), tea brewer(茶角), person who stews fruits in honey and sesame oil(熟頭), person who cooks soup(菜露). Although it is not Yuksaekjang, Byeoljwa(別座) prepares ingredients and tools so that Yuksaekjang can make what she wants. Yuksaekjang determines how to cook. Person who cooks is for steaming grains, artificially made confection for kneading and frying grain powder, rice cake maker for steaming grain flour, tea brewer for boiling tea, person who stews fruits in honey and sesame oil for boiling roots and fruits with honey, and person who cooks soup for boiling in water. Foods are rice, honey and oil, rice cake, tea, and stewed fruit and root vegetable. In this way, the Yuksaekjang is organized according to the cooking method. And it can be judged that it is a characteristic of Korean Suryukjae that the name of Yuksaekjang does not appear in Chinese scriptures or commentaries.

근대 중국의 『婦女雜誌』를 통해서 본 ‘아시아’ 인식

이선이(李宣?) 중국근현대사학회 2013 중국근현대사연구 Vol.60 No.-

근대 중국과 일본의 언론매체에서 보이는 조선여성 표상 연구

이선이(李宣?) 동양사학회 2011 東洋史學硏究 Vol.116 No.-

국가경쟁력제고를 위한 SOC투자 방안

이선,Lee, Sun 한국기술사회 2005 技術士 Vol.38 No.1

A recent study conducted by KOTI reported that regional and urban read congestion costs in Korea are continually rising in the ranges between 3.1% thru 4.1% of GDP in the every respective year during the past 10 years. The report explicates that the congestion problem has motivated sharp raise of the logistics expenditure from 4.4% of GDP in the year of 1998 to 16% in the year of 2003. Even though, the government has allotted annual budget in the ranges between 2.7% and 3.7% of GDP to the SOC investment for the consecutive years of past decade, the amounts are however far less and insufficient to meet with social requirements and its demands. The cost of logistics has been excessively went up much higher rate than that of other industries and that of 9.6% in Japan and United States respectively It is obvious that the high logistics cost could be a detrimental factor to fierce emulation with others in the global trade market. Therefore it is an essential matter to eliminate or exclude all the probable sources that might cause or create extra costs on logistics. In consideration of such situation in Korea, the SOC investment with private capital could be a best cogitable scheme to acquire its prompt demand solutions and stimulate the emulation ability in the international trade market what's more betterment for all of our quality life in the near future.

인천국제공항의 21세기 동북아 중추공항으로서의 역할

이선,Lee, Sun 한국기술사회 2001 技術士 Vol.34 No.1

Kimpo International Airport, located within the Seoul metropolitan district, experienced a sudden surge of passengers and cargo in recent years. In 1990, MOCT sponsored feasibility studios and Youngjong Island location was selected as the most suitable choice among four proposed sites to build a new airport. The construction work was then commenced in November 1992. Phase I project facilities are scheduled to start its operation in March 2001 with an annual capacity of 27 million passengers and 1.7 million tons of cargo for both enplaning and deplaning from International liners. Kimpo International Airport will remain in operation primarily for domestic passengers and cargo only. Phase II project construction work will add two more runways with its related facilities by 2005. Inchon International Airport will then conveniently serve 100 million passengers for enplaning and deplaning, and 7 million tons of inbound and outbound cargo annually in its full capacity. All the airport facilities In phase I and phase II periods are constructed to meet international standards. A fully integrated transportation network and logistics function systems should be accomplished prior to the full operation of the airport. With these sccomplishments, the state-of-the-art airport is poised to meet the needs of a rapidly growing worldwide air transport industry, and will more than adequately fulfill its role as a hub airport for the Northeast Asia region.

헌토(獻土)

이선 사회발전연구소 1999 한국인 Vol.18 No.7

정보통신연구개발사업의 지식재산권 획득과 관리방안

이선 慶熙大學校 社會科學硏究院 2004 社會科學硏究 Vol.30 No.2

국내외 지식재산권 정책 및 동향

이선,김영동,김현 慶熙大學校 社會科學硏究院 2004 社會科學硏究 Vol.30 No.1

電力需要함數의 推定

이선 경희대학교 사회과학연구원 1991 社會科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-