Congenital Intrahepatic Portosystemic Venous Shunt and Liver Mass in a Child Patient: Successful Endovascular Treatment with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AVP)

이새아,이영석,이건송,전경식 대한영상의학회 2010 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.11 No.5

A congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is a rare anomaly; but, the number of diagnosed cases has increased with advanced imaging tools. Symptomatic portosystemic shunts, especially those that include hyperammonemia, should be treated; and various endovascular treatment methods other than surgery have been reported. Hepatic masses with either an intra- or extrahepatic shunt also have been reported, and the mass is another reason for treatment. Authors report a case of a congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with a hepatic mass that was successfully treated using a percutaneous endovascular approach with vascular plugs. By the time the first short-term follow-up was conducted, the hepatic mass had disappeared.

Covered Bronchial Stent Insertion to Manage Airway Obstruction with Hemoptysis Caused by Lung Cancer

이새아,김도형,전경식 대한영상의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.13 No.4

Malignant airway obstruction and hemoptysis are common in lung cancer patients. Recently, airway stent is commonly used to preserve airway in malignant airway obstruction. Hemoptysis can be managed through various methods including conservative treatment, endobronchial tamponade, bronchoscopic intervention, embolization and surgery. In our case studies, we sought to investigate the effectiveness of airway stents for re-opening the airway as well as tamponade effects in four patients with malignant airway obstruction and bleeding caused by tumors or lymph node invasions.

조선족 상처·반성소설에 나타난 상흔의 테마

이새아 한국방송통신대학교 통합인문학연구소 2012 통합인문학연구 Vol.4 No.1

본 논문은 중국 현대사의 정치 투쟁사가 개인에게 남긴 상흔의 기록인 상처·반성소설을 기본 대상으로 삼는다. 1970년 조선족은 중국 중심문단의 상처·반성문학을 새로운 시대정신으로 인식하기보다는 ‘4인 무리의 폭로’, ‘4개 현대화’ 등을 선전하기 위한 도구로 재 학습화 한다. 이처럼 조선족의 상처문학은 폭로 가능한 수위를 내재적으로 결정함으로써 그 한계를 드러내지만 다행스럽게도 변방이라는 지리적 위치가 국가권력의 시선으로 벗어날 수 있는 여지를 만들어 무의식적으로 드러난 국가 권력에 대한 비판들을 검열로부터 피할 수 있게 하는 긍정적인 결과를 가져왔다. 조선족 상처소설의 주요 테마는 사회주의 체제 아래서 국가 정책과 위배되는 분배 방식 및 사적 재산 소유에 대한 의구심, 가족의 해체와 연인과의 이별로 인한 비극, 평범한 공민이 국가 권력 안에서 가해자의 역할을 충실하게 따를 수밖에 없었던 상황들과 그로 인한 죄책감, 사회에서 배제된 지식청년들의 방황과 고민 등으로 범주화 할 수 있다. 이러한 상처문학의 테마는 현재의 위치에서 한국과 연관을 맺으며 물질과 등치되는 한국이라는 표상, 그로인해 생긴 가족 해체, 청소년의 방황, 남겨진 이들의 무기력 등의 문제로 이동하면서 우리 스스로를 돌아볼 수 있는 성찰의 자리를 제공한다. 이것이 조선족 상처문학이 갖는 현재적 의미이다. The object of this thesis is about novels of wound and self-examination, which are records of scars and that the political struggle of Chinese modern history that was left to individual. In 1970, the ethnic Koreans living in China re-learn the wound and self-reflection literature as an instrument of propaganda for ‘An explosure of group of 4 people’, ‘Four modernizations’, rather than recognize that literature of the literary world around China as the spirit of a times. Like this, wound literature of the ethnic Koreans living in China shows its limit through determining the level that can be internally revealed, however, fortunately, the geographical location of frontier made the reason for deviating from the attention of government power. And this brought the positive result, which is not censored from the criticism of government power that was exposed unconsciously. Main subject of the wound novel about ethnic Koreans living in China can be categorized based on the way of distribution that is against to nation’s policies under the socialist system, doubt about private property, tragedies caused by family disorganization and parting with lovers, situations that common citizen who was obliged to perform a role as an assailant under the nation power and sense of guilt for them, and wandering and worry of knowledgeable youth who was excluded from society and so on. The theme of this kind of wound literature provides us with the time to take some time for introspection to take a look at ourselves by moving to the problems, e.g., symbol called Korea that is tied up with Korea and is equivalent to materials in present position, and family disorganization, teenagers’ wandering, lethargy of ones left behind result from it. This is the contemporary meanings of the wound literature of ethnic Koreans living in China.

중국 이데올로기 담론 속 조선족 여성의실상과허구 : 조선족 최초 여성 작가 최현숙과 그 작품을 중심으로

이새아 한국방송통신대학교 통합인문학연구소 2009 통합인문학연구 Vol.1 No.1

본 연구는 재외동포 문학 중 같은 언어를 사용하고 있는 중국 내 조선족 여성 문학 연구가 1980년대 이후에만 집중되고 있음에 주목하여 중화인민 공화국 건국 이후부터 1980년 이전 여성 작가로서 유일하게 지속적인 창작활동을 하였던 최현숙의 전기적 생애와 작품을 통하여 조선족 여성문학의 사(史)적 공백을 채우고자 하였다. 또한 최현숙의 전기적 생애를 그의 남편이며 조선족 원로작가인 리홍규의 실제 증언을 통해 재구성하고 그의 생애와 작품들 사이의 괴리감의 원인을 이데올로기에 의한 억압의 상태로 규정하고 분석해 보고자 하였다. 즉 최현숙 자신이 겪은 일련의 고통의 흔적들-가족의 해체, 이중 정체성, 아이의 입양, 출산과 아이의 죽음 등-이 그의 작품 속에서 철저하게 거세당함으로써 그 자체가 억압된 글쓰기의 노정을 보여 주고 있다는 것과 작품 속 여성 인물들의 미화된 모습들을 통해 국가 권력에 의해 당시의 여성들이 어떻게 동원, 왜곡되었는지를 보여 주고자 하였다. 또한 최현숙 글쓰기의 심각성은 그 자신이 당대의 유일한 조선족 여성 저널리스트로서 국가가 바라는 여성상들을 재담론화하면서도 그것을 전혀 인식하지 못했다는 데에 있기도 하다. This study pays attention to a fact that feminine literature research of Korean-Chinese in China, was centered after 1980’s only. So, I intend to fill historical gap in Korean-Chinese feminine literature through biography and works of Choe Hyeon-suk who did creative works continuously as one unique feminine from foundation of the People’s Republic of China to early 1980s. Also, this study will reconstruct biographic career of Choe Hyeon-suk through real testimony of Lee Hong-kue, her husband and a leading Korean- Chinese writer, and try to find out the cause of discrepancy between her life and works in structure of suppression by ideologies. That is, the study intends to reveal oppressed trace of writing which was excluded thoroughly from a series of suffering experience such as family dismantlement, dual identity, child adoption, delivery and child death. Simultaneously, the study would show how women at that time were mobilized and distorted with national power through feminine beautification in her works. In addition, the most serious problem of Choe Hyeon-suk writing, she never recognized these situations, while discussing again on the women image recommended by nation as a unique feminine journalist of Korean-Chinese at that time.

냉소적 리얼리즘, 그 낭만적 희극성의이야기판 짜기

이새아(Sai A Lee) 한국현대소설학회 2011 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.47

The previous studies on the literature by Kim Hakchul have been centered on the novels, such as <The Myth of the 20th Century>, <The Age of Passion>, <Say, Hairan River>. The detailed reading of his writings allows us to observe that folk tale like stories, experience based essays, and anecdote related episodes have evolved to a novel and a biography on the basis of his narrative strategy. Seen these narrative strategies used in <The Myth of the 20th Century>, Kim sets himself up as a story teller and uses his story as a stage to reveal the self-experienced political turmoil in modern China such as the anti-right struggling and the great leap, which he engaged and underwent for the major part of his life. While overcoming the limit of storytelling, which can be simply represented as a channel to expose self-suffering, Kim develops the stage of storytelling as space of carnival and humor by relying on his cynical rhetoric and tone, exaggeration and twist. If this performance can be completed only through inclusion of story teller, audience, and story form, <The Myth of the 20th Century> by Kim attempts to invite the audiences 1) who possessed the absolute power that made Kim continue to resist, 2) who accused and oppressed Kim by sponging off this absolute power, 3) who are still eager to know the historical truth deriving from the power of texts disapproved in China. His optimistic humor has stemmed from his intentional distortion. More importantly, it should be noted that the episodes transplanted through tragic self-experience already entail the comic aspect in themselves. While capturing the tragic landscape of political struggling and deploying the concrete lived experience of the turmoil, Kim exposes the political ideology, which was believed to be absolute, is in vain. At the same time, the lack of fictional aspect in his writing, due to the strong attachment to self-experiences and memories, was replaced with the optimistic comic element thereby leading his self-stories to creative novels that endlessly produce the present meaning.

Streptococcus mutans의 양성자 투과성에 미치는 불소와 에탄올의 병용효과

이새아 ( Sae-a Lee ),정승일 ( Seung-il Jung ),김진범 ( Jin-bom Kim ),강정숙 ( Jung Sook Kang ) 대한구강보건학회 2016 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the pH-dependent changes in F-ATPase activity and proton fluxes in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) as induced by varying the concentration of fluoride ±10 mM (0.058% (v/v)) ethanol. Methods: S. mutans UA159 was grown in Brain Heart Infusion medium at pH 4.8, 6.8, or 8.8. The FATPase assay was initiated by the addition of ATP, and stopped by adding 10% trichloroacetic acid. For the proton flux assay, bacterial suspensions were titrated to pH 4.6 with 0.5 M HCl, and then 0.5 M HCl was added to decrease the pH values in units of approximately 0.4 pH. The subsequent increase in pH was monitored using a glass electrode. To disrupt the cell membrane, 10% (v/v) butanol was added to the suspensions after 80 minutes. Results: At all pH levels, fluoride ±10 mM ethanol not only decreased F-ATPase activity but also increased the proton permeability of S. mutans . The largest effects were observed at pH 4.8. Ethanol enhanced these effects only at pH 4.8. Conclusions: A very low concentration of ethanol enhanced the action of fluoride on F-ATPase activity and the proton permeability in S. mutans at acidic pH levels. We expect that low concentrations of ethanol may be used together with fluoride and/or other anticaries agents to develop more effective anticaries preparations.

펩티도글라이칸에 의한 인터루킨-1 베타 발현 기전 연구

서현철(Hyun-Cheol Seo),김선미(Sun-Mi Kim),이새아(Sae-A Lee),임병용(Byung-Yong Rhim),김관회(Koanhoi Kim) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.12

본 연구에서는 IL-1β 발현에 PG의 영향을 조사하였고, 단핵세포에서 PG에 의한 IL-1β 상향조절에 포함된 세포인자를 밝혔다. PG에 사람의 THP-1 세포를 노출시키면 IL-1β 분비 증가뿐만 아니라 IL-1β 유전자 전사를 유도하는 결과를 가져왔고, TLR-2/4의 억제제인 OxPAPC에 의해 저해되었다. U0126, SP6001250, Akti IV, rapamycin, DPI 같은 약리학적 저해제도 PG에 의한 IL-1β의 상향조절을 상당히 약화시켰다. 그러나 polymyxin B는 IL-1β 발현에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 본 연구는 PG는 TLR-2, Akt, mTOR, MAPKs, ROS를 통하여 IL-1β의 발현을 상향시킴을 확인하였다. This study investigated the effects of PG on IL-1β expression and determined cellular factors involved in PG-mediated IL-1β up-regulation in mononuclear cells in order to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammatory responses associated with bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns in the diseased artery. Exposure of human onocytic leukemia THP-1 cells to PG resulted in enhanced secretion of IL-1β and also profound induction of the IL-1β gene transcript. These effects were abrogated by OxPAPC, an inhibitor of TLR-2/4. Pharmacological inhibitors such as U0126, SP6001250, Akti IV, rapamycin, and DPI also significantly attenuated PG-mediated IL-1β up-regulation. However, polymyxin B did not influence the IL-1β expression. This study indicates that PG contributes to vascular inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques by up-regulating expression of IL-1β via TLR-2, Akt, mTOR, MAPKs, and ROS.

에탄올이 Streptococcus mutans의 atpB 유전자 발현 및 양성자 투과성에 미치는 영향

조철민 ( Chul Min Cho ),박용진 ( Yong Jin Park ),이새아 ( Sae A Lee ),김진범 ( Jin Bom Kim ),강정숙 ( Jung Sook Kang ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2018 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.42 No.4

Objectives: As a first step to study the anticaries effect of ethanol alone, we investigated the effects of ethanol on the expression levels of the atpB gene and proton permeability of Streptococcus mutans in suspension cultures. Methods: S. mutans UA159 was grown in brain heart infusion medium at either pH 4.8 or 6.8. The total extracted RNA was reverse-transcribed into cDNA using a SuperscriptTM First-Strand Synthesis System. The resulting cDNA and negative controls were amplified by ABI PRISM 7700 real-time PCR system with SYBR Green PCR Master Mix. For proton flux assay, bacterial suspensions were titrated to pH 4.6 with 0.5 M HCl, and then additional 0.5 M HCl was added to decrease the pH values by approximately 0.4 units. The subsequent increase in pH was monitored using a glass electrode. Ten percent (v/v) butanol was added to the suspensions at 80 min to disrupt the cell membrane. Results: In a concentration-dependent manner, ethanol alone not only decreased the growth rate of S. mutans and the expression of the atpB gene but also increased the proton permeability at both pH 4.8 and 6.8. Conclusions: These findings suggest that ethanol has the potential for an anticaries ingredient. We believe that ethanol may be used together with fluoride and/or other cariostatic agents in order to develop better anticaries toothpastes and/or mouthrinses.

pH Stress Alters Cytoplasmic Membrane Fluidity and atpB Gene Expression in Streptococcus mutans

Chul Min Cho(조철민),Seung Il Jung(정승일),Myung Sup Kim(김명섭),Sae A Lee(이새아),Jung Sook Kang(강정숙) 한국생명과학회 2017 생명과학회지 Vol.27 No.1

치아우식의 주원인균인 Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans)는 산 생성 뿐 아니라 산에 대한 탁월한 저항성을 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는 S. mutans가 pH stress에 노출될 때 형질막 유동성, F-ATPase 활성과 발현 및 양성자 투과성 변화와 그 상관관계를 규명하였다. S. mutans로부터 형질막을 분리한 후 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene을 사용하여 pH stress가 형질막 유동성 변화에 미치는 영향을 측정하였다. pH 4.8과 pH 8.8에서 배양한 S. mutans는 pH 6.8에서 배양한 S. mutans에 비하여 형질막 유동성이 감소되었다. F-ATPase 활성과 발현은 pH 4.8에서 가장 높았고, pH 8.8에서 가장 낮았다. 양성자 투과성은 pH 4.8과 pH 8.8에서 모두 감소되었으며, 특히 pH 4.8에서의 감소가 컸다. F-ATPase 활성만으로 양성자 투과성이 결정된다면 pH 8.8에서 가장 높아야 하나 pH 6.8보다 감소하는 것은 형질막 유동성 감소에 기인된 양성자 세포내 유입 감소와 관련된 것으로 추정한다. 또한 pH 4.8에서 양성자 투과성이 아주 낮은 것은 높은 F-ATPase 활성에 의한 양성자 세포외 유출 증가 뿐 아니라 형질막 유동성 감소에 의한 양성자 세포내 유입 감소에 기인된 것으로 추정한다. 따라서 pH stress에 의한 형질막 유동성 감소는 S. mutans가 세포내 pH 를 유지하는데 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각되며 에탄올을 포함하여 비특이적으로 세포막 유동성을 증가시키는 약물들은 항우식제에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 추정한다. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), which plays a major role in the etiology of human dental caries, is able to tolerate exposure to acid shock in addition to its acidogenicity. We investigated the effects of pH stress on membrane fluidity, activities and expression levels of F-ATPase, and proton permeability in S. mutans. Using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, we observed membrane ordering at pH 4.8 and pH 8.8. The ordering effects were larger at pH 4.8 in cytoplasmic membranes isolated from S. mutans (CMSM). Increasing pH resulted in a decrease in the activities and expression levels of F-ATPase. The proton permeability was decreased at both acidic and alkaline pHs, and the lowest permeability was observed at pH 4.8. The lower permeability at pH 8.8 than pH 6.8 is likely to be caused by the decreased proton influx due to the decreased CMSM fluidity. In addition, it seems to be evident that extremely low permeability at pH 4.8 was caused by the decreased proton influx due to the decreased CMSM fluidity as well as the increased proton efflux due to the increased activity and expression level of F-ATPase. It is likely that CMSM fluidity and F-ATPase activity are two major key factors that determine proton permeability in S. mutans. We suggest that CMSM fluidity plays an important role in the determination of proton permeability, which sheds light on the possibility of using nonspecific membrane fluidizers, e.g., ethanol, for anti-caries purposes.