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이상석,Lee, Sang-Seok 한국조경학회 2016 한국조경학회지 Vol.44 No.4
The purpose of this study was to analyze commemoration characteristics of fifty-nine Vietnam war memorials in Korea(VWMK) including monuments and national cemeteries from landscape architectural point of view such as location, spacial characteristic, landscape detail, sculpture, and interpretive text. Based on the commemoration characteristics of the analysis, the commemoration culture among Vietnam, the U.S.A., and Korea were studied and differences compared. The results are as follows. First, monuments were mainly located in public open space such as national cemeteries, parks, and plaza, and some of them were elected along with Korea war memorials to honor Vietnam war veterans at the national level. Second, because the monuments were relatively small and memorial towers were conventionally built on a square platform, the memorial style had been simply standardized to stereotype the commemoration characteristics. Third, outmoded memorial towers, stone plates, emblems, and memorial walls were used as main landscape details and standardized facilities were considered from an artistic and social point of view. Fourth, realistic soldier statues to show heroic and humanitarian image were in majority, while symbolic and abstract sculpture were small in number, they were mostly conventional and unexpressive. Fifth, the causes of participation in the Vietnam War were predominantly expressed as 'defending freedom', 'keeping world peace', and 'national economic development' based on anti-communism and patriotism, and also the collectivity of Vietnam War veterans by troop and local level was emphasized through engraving each veterans's name on towers, plates, and walls. VWMK are mostly conventional and stereotyped in style and show strongly national official memory and the collectivity of veterans from a sociopolitical perspective, and aim for anti-communistic patriotism ideologically. Further study and projects will be required to make creative and innovative memorials and to study how to rethink sublime fundamental themes like war, death, and the individual veteran's experience in VWMK.
이상석,Lee, Sang-Seok 한국조경학회 2015 한국조경학회지 Vol.43 No.1
The purpose of this study was to analyze the commemoration characteristics of Vietnam War Memorials(VWM) in the United States(VWMUS). Through site survey and internet research, the researcher selected 87 VWMUS except monuments simply with markers, and analyzed 5 analysis items: design concepts, spatial characteristics, landscape details, sculptures, and interpretive texts and symbols. The results are as follows: 1. The analysis revealed that the main concepts of VWMUS were to cherish victims of the Vietnam War(85 sites (97.7%)), show veteran's dedication for country(85 sites(97.7%)), and publicize the contribution of groups by troop, regional, and membership(84 sites(96.6%)). 2. Most VWMUS were located in memorial parks and plazas. 59 memorials(67.8%) were designed to pursue the completion of each memorial assuming the form of symmetry and circles. On the other hand, 12 memorials(13.8%) were typed memorial walls and 11 memorials(12.6%) were formed by spatial sequence including various landscape details and grading. 3. Stone walls were mainly used to cherish victims of the War at 65 memorials(74.7%), and also, Flags like the Stars and Stripes, POW MIA flags, and state flags were hoisted to symbolize memorial's identity at all memorials. Additionally, Benches, monuments, markers, posts and columns, ponds and channels, Helicopters were partially introduced some memorials. 4. Sculptures were used 21 memorials(24.1%) which were smaller in numbers than other War Memorial in the U.S.A., for black stonewall were used for the main element of VWMUS. Except for a few sculptures that aimed to represent the Vietnam War symbolically and narratively, 16 memorials(18.4%) were formed to realistically express the image of wounded soldiers and their hardship in the Vietnam War. 5. KIA, MIA, Veteran's name were written and their images depicted on walls, Also, the symbolic phrase, 'ALL GAVE SOME, SOME GAVE ALL' and 'DUTY, HONOR, COUNTRY' were written on the memorials walls, and the POW MIA symbols were printed on the flags and engraved on walls. 6. In the United States of America, Democratic patriotism was considered a main ideological value in VWMUS by engraving KIA MIA's names on the walls, hoisting flags Stars and Stripes and POW MIA, and writing symbolic phrases 'ALL GAVE SOME, SOME GAVE ALL' and 'DUTY, HONOR, COUNTRY'. On the contrary, in Vietnam, nationalism, patriotism, and socialism were emphasized as main ideologies through raising war victory and resistance to foreign power as well as writing the symbolic phrase 'TO-QUOC-GUI-CONG' meaning 'our country remember your achievement' on memorial towers. Further study will be required to comparatively analyze VWM in order to understand national characteristics in Korea, Australia, U.S.A, and Vietnam.
이상석,김명수,박정래,구본희,전동석,이석진,이창화,김태홍,최태구,Lee, Sang-Seok,Kim, Myeong-Su,Park, Jeong-Rae,Gu, Bon-Hui,Jeon, Dong-Seok,Lee, Seok-Jin,Lee, Chang-Hwa,Kim, Tae-Hong,Choe, Tae-Gu 한국전자통신연구원 1996 전자통신동향분석 Vol.11 No.3
이동통신의 급격한 증가 추세와 멀티미디어로의 사용자 요구 및 한정적인 주파수 자원을 고려할 때 향후 밀리미터파를 이용한 서비스 제공은 필연적일 것으로 전망되고 있다. 이와 같은 관점에서 이미 선진 각국에서는 밀리미터파 응용시스템에 대한 기초 연구개발과 실용화를 위한 연구개발이 활발히 추진되고 있다. 본 고에서는 이와 같은 선진 각국의 밀리미터파 응용시스템에 대한 연구개발 역사와 실용화 연구개발 동향에 대하여 정리하였다. 또한 부분적으로는 중점적으로 연구개발해야할 문제점도 정리하였다.
$ZrO_2$-$TiO_2$ 세라믹의 $MoO_2$ 함유량과 소결온도가 유전특성에 미치는 영향
이상석,이석진,이창화,최태구,Lee, Sang-Seok,Lee, Seok-Jin,Lee, Chang-Hwa,Choe, Tae-Gu 한국전자통신연구원 1992 ETRI Journal Vol.14 No.4
불요 전자파 제거용 필터의 유전체로 사용되는 Zirconium Titanate 세라믹 유전체에서 $MoO_2$ 함유량과 소결온도에 변화를 주어 이들이 유전특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 일반적으로 $MoO_2$ 함유량보다는 소결온도의 변화가 유전률, 품질계수 및 소결밀도 등에 더 큰 영향을 주었으며, 정전용량의 온도계수 측면에서는 $MoO_2$ 함유량을 제어하여0ppm$^\{circ}C$근처로 이동시켜 상당히 안정된 온도 특성으로 개선할 수 있었다.
제2차 세계대전 전쟁 묘지에 나타난 기념성 - 서유럽에 있는 미국군, 영연방군, 독일군 묘지를 대상으로 -
이상석,Lee, Sang-Seok 한국조경학회 2021 한국조경학회지 Vol.49 No.5
The purpose of this study was to analyze commemoration characteristics of the United States of America, the Commonwealth, and Germany through representative 14 military cemeteries of World war II in Western Europe. Based on the commemoration characteristics such as spacial characteristic, commemorative elements, and graves and headstone, the commemoration culture among U.S., the Commonwealth. and Germany were studied comparatively. The results are as follows. First, taking geometrical form with mainly square type, rarely circle and spiral patterned, most cemeteries were structured spatial central axis with symmetry, those cemeteries were styled neoclassical, but some of the U.S. cemeteries were modernistic, connecting spaces organically with curved line layout. Second, chapel, the wall of missing, the wall of battle map, and sculpture in the U.S military cemeteries, and 'the cross of sacrifice' and 'the stone of remembrance' as classical monument in the Commonwealth war cemeteries were commonly applied standardized commemorative elements, but commemorative monuments in German military cemeteries were restricted except monumental cross. Third, the symbolic cross of christianism was used all cemeteries to console and cherish the soul of soldiers, specially the Latin crosses in the U.S military cemeteries delivered political message as the american martyr for Western Europe and also the power of the U.S., but the cross in German and the Commonwealth war cemeteries were basically cherish and comfort individual spirit. Fourth, showing the power of victory with national patriotism, the U.S. strongly represented christianism and liberal democracy against communism, the Commonwealth showed imperialistic style, and German military cemeteries were quietly appeared as traditional style forwarding reconciliation and peace. This study suggest the war cemeteries have national identity with typical form and symbolic aesthetics. Further study will be required to materialize sublime commemoration in national cemeteries and to form advanced commemorative culture in Korea.
장기 염해 환경 폭로 시험을 통한 OCP 및 염화물 함유량 평가
이상석 ( Lee Sang-seok ),정기찬 ( Jeong Gi-chan ),김윤식 ( Kim Yun-shik ),박선경 ( Park Sun-kyung ),권성준 ( Kwon Seung-jun ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2021 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.25 No.2
본 연구에서는 외부에서 교체 가능한 Agar 센서를 개발하여 RC 구조체의 장기 부식 모니터링을 수행하였다. 3가지 수준의 물-시멘트 비, 피복깊이, 염수 농도를 고려하여 모니터링을 수행하였으며, 모니터링 1년 경과 후 시편을 해체하여 염화물 함유량 평가를 수행하였다. 염수 농도 3.5 %, 7.0 %의 경우 피복깊이의 증가와 물-시멘트 비의 감소 시 염화물 함유량과 OCP가 낮게 측정되었으며, 일정 피복깊이 이후 그 영향이 적은 것을 확인하였다.
이상석 ( Lee Sang-seok ),윤용식 ( Yoon Yong-sik ),정기찬 ( Jeong Gi-chan ),권성준 ( Kwon Seung-jun ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2021 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.25 No.1
본 연구에서는 한천 (Agar)을 주재료로하는 외부 교체 가능형 전극을 통해 RC 시편의 부식 전위를 평가하였다. 시험 변수로는 3 수준의 염수 농도와 3 수준의 물-결합재 비를 설정하였다. 물-결합재 비가 낮은 경우 상부에 염수가 주입된다 할지라고 안정적인 부식 모니터링 결과가 나타났으나, 물-결합재 비가 높은 경우에는 상부 염수에 의한 영향이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 물-결합재 비가 높은 배합의 경우 공극 구조가 커지고 공극내의 자유수량이 많아지므로 부식에 용이한 환경이 조성된 것으로 보인다.