케이블 TV의 채널 레퍼토리(repertoire)에 관한 연구

이상식(Lee Sahng-Shik),김관규(Kim Kwan-Kyu) 한국언론학회 2001 한국언론학보 Vol.45 No.3

Past studies have used the concept of channel repertoire mainly to analyze viewing behavior of multi channel media such as cable television. It put more emphasis on highlighting the number of viewing channel or its antecedent variables. However, it underestimated conceptual power of channel repertoire so that it could not be extended to explain diversity of viewing channel type. This study tried to conceptualize the definition of channel repertoire not only in the perspective of channel number, but of diversity. Therefore, this study intended to testify various empirical relationships between number of channel repertoire and diversity, between preferred channel types and diversity of viewing channel type. Additionally, this study would explore polarizing audiences as a result of channel repertoire fixed. The results showed that total viewing time increased amounting to one and half hour after subscribing to cable TV, average number of channel repertoire was 14~15 among 50 channels being currently provided in Korea and 7 different kinds of channel repertoire were found in the perspective of diversity. There was high positive relationship between number of channel repertoire and diversity. It testified empirically that increased number of viewing channel ascribed to extending choices of channels, which became possible by cable TV providing multi channel services. Then, it also gave empirical evidence to accept the hypothesis that increasing channels helped audiences to view more diverse programs. The polarization of audiences appeared in other channel types than terrestrial networks channels. There were some differences in polarizing degree according to the channel types. This study found that polarization was related to various variables such as sex, age, education, income and job. To sum up, mass audiences who had viewed terrestrial broadcasting began to watch more channels and more diverse channels in the new circumstance of cable TV. Multi channel cable TV made mass audiences polarized. Audiences more than 90%, however, were still regularly watching terrestrial broadcasting. Channel types of cable TV were not diverse enough to foster polarizing audiences. Preferred channel types of cable TV were simply limited to movies, news, culture & documentary, and drama. It meant cable TV was not greatly threatening terrestrial broadcasting with regard to diversity and polarization.

獨逸의 유럽政策 決定構造

李相均(Lee Sahng-Gyoun) 한국국제정치학회 1995 國際政治論叢 Vol.34 No.2

미국과 유럽통합 : 대서양 협력의 동인과 쟁점

이상균(Lee Sahng-gyoun) 고려대학교 일민국제관계연구원 1999 국제관계연구 Vol.4 No.1

위성방송의 부가서비스 활성화 방안

이상식(Sahng-Shik Lee) 한국방송학회 2000 방송통신연구 Vol.- No.50

현대유럽정치에 있어 주권과 통합

이상균(Lee Sahng-Gyoun) 한국정치학회 1999 한국정치학회보 Vol.33 No.3

현대유럽정치에 있어 통합과 주권의 관계는 매우 중요한 의미를 가지고 있다. 유럽에서의 초국가적 협력과 상호의존성 증대는 국가의 역할과 주권의 개념에 큰 변화를 가져왔는데, 변화의 가장 큰 특징은 유럽통합이 심화됨에 따라 국가의 역할이 분화(fragmentation)되고 주권의 개념이 기능화 되었다는 점이다. 즉, 이는 통합의 발전이 국가의 기능과 주권에 원심력적 영향을 미쳐 권력이 국가에게만 독점되지 않고 유럽차원의 기능적 네트워크의 구축을 통해 초국가적으로 재분배되고 있음을 의미한다. 통합의 진전에 따른 국가의 분화나 주권의 기능화가 반드시 국가권력의 축소를 의미하지는 않는다. 시대와 상황의 변화에 따라 주권의 개념도 함께 변화한다는 점에서 통합과 주권이 필연적으로 영합적(zero-sum)인 관계가 아니라 정합적(positive-sum)인 관계로 발전할 수 있다는 사실은 유럽통합을 통해 증명되고 있다. 통합과정을 통해 유럽연합의 초국가성과 개별국가의 권한은 모두 강화되고 있다. 따라서 유럽 통합으로 상징되는 현대유럽정치에 있어 주권과 통합의 관계는 상호보완적이라 할 수 있다. 유럽연합은 전통적 의미에서의 국가나 국제기구가 아니라 공동의 이익을 최대화하기 위한 초국가적 관리체제의 한 형태이다. 회원국들은 국가이익을 극대화하기 위해 통합에 참여하고 있으며 주권의 일부를 양도하고 있다. 유럽통합이 지금까지의 국가간 규제완화나 장애요인 제거라는 소극적 통합에서 유럽정체성(European identity) 추구와 공동체이익(Community interests)의 극대화라는 적극적 통합으로 발전하기 위해서는 유럽연합의 초국가성과 회원국들의 다원성 사이에 보다 원활한 조화가 필요하다.

방송과 통신의 용합에 대비한 정책 및 규제 기국의 변화 방향

이상식(Sahng-Shik Lee) 한국방송학회 2001 한국방송학보 Vol.15 No.3

유럽統合의 安保的 考察

李相均(Sahng Gyoun Lee) 한국국제정치학회 1996 國際政治論叢 Vol.35 No.2

The Politics of ASEM

이상균(Sahng Gyoun Lee) 한국유럽학회 1999 유럽연구 Vol.9 No.-

EMU와 국제정치경제

이상균(Lee Sahng-gyoun) 한국국제정치학회 1999 國際政治論叢 Vol.39 No.1

한국의 유럽정책 방향

이상균 한국전략문제연구소 1998 전략연구 Vol.5 No.3

Korea and the European Union(EU) have been trading partners for a few decades since 1960s. Nevertheless, only very recently has bilateral cooperation risen high on the agenda of Korea-EU trade diplomacy. It is still true for both that economic relations with the U.S. and Japan are more important than with each other. Fortunately, recent circumstances have favored the promotion of Korea-ED cooperation. It seems timely that the EU Council of Ministers for the first time approved, on June 8 1993, a communication on ''Relations between the ED and Korea: Towards a Growing Partnership". In this report, the Council recognized that the level of exchanges with Korea should be further be developed in order to reflect the importance of both sides in new world order. The Council also expressed that cooperation between the ED and Korea should go hand in hand with the overall development of bilateral trade and economic relations. Since 1990s, in terms of trade and investment, the ED has been more successful in penetrating the Korean market than the U.S. and Japan. This reflects its comparative advantage and benefits from the progressive opening of the Korean market. In particular, the ED has dynamically increased its exports to Korea in passenger cars, machinery and textile products. On the other hand, Korea enjoyed its performance in the EU market until 1988, after which Korean competitiveness suddenly dropped, with the exeption of some products such as motor vehicles, semi-conductors, and general machinery. This means that Korea is in process of restructuring of its exports toward heavy and chemical industry goods. However, the environment for Korea-EU economic cooperation has recently become favorable due to the fact that both Korea and the EU recognize the need for the expansion of economic cooperation while the necessary cooperative framework is being established. Moreover, with the first summit of the Asia-Eurpe Meeting(ASEM) in Bangkok in March of 1996, a new equal partnership between Asia and Europe has begun. Leaders of Asia and Europe met in Bangkok and London in 1998 to improve the understanding between the two regions and accelerate the already expanding economic and political cooperation of two continents. Korea's hosting of the third ASEM summit meeting in Seoul in 2000 will provide a unique opportunity for Korea to foster better relations with EU. As a part of Korea's unique leadership, Korea has also proposed the idea of the Asia-Europe Vision Group which will chart the future course of ASEM. Korea's unique position arises from the fact that Korean economy is undergoing transformation from developing to a developed economy. ASEM approaches the problem of bridging the weak economic link between Asia and Europe by enhancing shared understanding of each other. There is still a long way to go before ASEM could become a locomotive of trade and investment liberalization. However, ASEM could still provide forums for mutual networking between various facets of society in Asia and Europe and provide forums for bringing consensus on contentious issues between Asia and Europe. Korea's contribution to the growth of ASEM process will facilitate better relations between Korea and ED. Cultural misconceptions in Europe about Korea and those in Korea about Europe all undermine development of good relationship between two sides. Korea can play an effective role of moderator in difficult discussions which will be brought at ASEM. In the process, Korea's cooperation with EU will be enhanced.