다문화 2세대 보호환경의 고찰

이봉한 大田大學校 社會科學硏究所 2019 社會科學論文集 Vol.37 No.2

이 연구는 대전광역시와 충남에 재학중인 중학생 9명, 다문화 가족 부모 4명, 다문화 관련 전문가 4명을 대상자로 심층면접을 하였다. 심층면접의 결과 몇 가 지 시사점이 있었다. 자녀의 학교생활에서의 위험요인이나 생활환경에서의 범죄 두려움은 대상자가 속하는 지역의 학교상황이나 거주조건과 관련이 있다. 경찰 에 대한 이미지나 경찰과의 접촉경험에 대해서는 매우 긍정적인 점도 있으나 소극적이라는 이미지를 갖고 있다. 전문가들이 경험하고 있는 다문화 가족에 대 한 부정적인 시각을 고려하면 다문화 출신 부부가 배우자의 폭력을 유도하거나 결혼이민자의 복지제도 등을 악용하는 사례가 증가할 개연성도 있다. 가정폭력 범죄 관련 사례가 드러나고 있지만 폭력신고, 언어폭력 등에 대한 교육과 홍보 는 충분히 이루어지고 있다. 문화충돌 특히 종교갈등과 종교적 이단성은 가정내 문제 뿐 아니라 사회적 병리문제로 발전될 가능성이 매우 높다. 이 논문은 다문화 2세대의 사회적응 면에서의 인식과 비행 및 범죄의 위험요 인을 청소년뿐 아니라 다문화 부모의 인식과 다문화 전문가의 객관적 시각을 종합하여 판단한다는 점에서 의의가 크다.

현대시멘트 단양공장 시멘트 밀 Cyclone separator 설치 결과

이봉한,엄영진,김현철,정공섭 한국시멘트협회 1995 시멘트 심포지움 Vol.23 No.-

Antioxidative and Neuroprotective Effects of Volatile Components in Essential Oils from Chrysanthemum indicum Linné Flowers

이봉한,남태규,박우정,강희,허호진,정대균,김건희,김대옥 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.2

Chrysanthemum indicum Linné, belonging to the family Compositae, is a perennial herb that is widespread in Korea. C. indicum Linné flowers have been traditionally used as an oriental medicine for treatment of infectious diseases. The chemical compositions, antioxidant capacity, and neuroprotective effects of volatile components in essential oils from C. indicum Linné flowers were investigated. GCMS analysis of essential oils revealed the 15 major components of 1,8-cineole, o-cymene, camphor, pinocarvone, chrysanthenyl acetate, bornyl acetate, trans-caryophyllene, terpinen-4-ol, umbellulone, trans-pinocarveol, cis-verbenol, borneol, α-terpineol, caryophyllene oxide, and thymol. Thymol had the highest antioxidant capacity. Essential oils and thymol dose-dependently decreased intracellular oxidative stress, exhibited anticholinesterase activities, and increased the cell viability of neuronal PC-12 cells. Essential oils and thymol from C. indicum Linné flowers can be sources of natural antioxidants and functional foods.

수사권조정 신속처리법안에 대한 소고

이봉한 한국경찰연구학회 2019 한국경찰연구 Vol.18 No.4

이 연구는 신속처리법안의 개선방안을 검토할 목적으로 수행되었다. 신속처리법안은 합의안의 내용을 비교적 충실하게 반영하였고 핵심은 검찰의 수사지휘권 폐지와 경찰에 대한 수사종결권 부여, 그리고 검사작성의 피신조서 증거능력 제한으로 요약된다. 그런데 신속처리법안은 수사지휘권이 전면적으로 폐지된 것도 아니고 경찰의 수사종결권이 종국적인 것도 아니며, 양 기관의 갈등의 소지는 오히려 증가되었다. 현재 합의안에 기초한 처리법안은 온전한 수사개혁이라기 보다 개혁의 단계적 실현을 의도한 것으로 평가할 수 있을 것이다. 경찰에게는 영장청구권이 인정되지 않고 검사의 피의자신문조서 증거능력이 경찰과 달리 취급되는 한 수사개혁은 미완성이다. 검찰의 직접수사는 기소권의 공정한 행사를 불가능하게 만들 수밖에 없다는 엄밀한 의미에서 수사권조정은 큰 틀에서의 사법개혁과 맞물려있다. 수사의 경합 시 검사의 송치요구에 대해서는 ‘정당한 이유가 없는 한’ 따르도록 하여 사건 가로채기로 악용될 합리적 의심이 있는 사건의 부당한 송치요구를 거부할 수 있도록 조문이 개선되어야 할 것이다. The aim of this study is to consider the Fast Track Bill for adjustment of Police & Prosecutor Investigative Power. The Fast Track Bill substantially reflects the Government’s Agreement, which has core contents including the abolition of right to command police investigation, the introduction of police authority for end of investigation and the limitation of evidence admissibility regarding the prosecutor’s interrogation protocol of suspect. But The Fast Track Bill aims not only partial abolition of prosecutor right to command police investigation but also does not introduce the final authorization for police to end a investigation, while it a long-standing feud between the two agencies. The Fast Track Bill, based on the Government’s Agreement, could be evaluated as intended to realize incremental reform rather than a kind of perfect reform of Investigative system. Any investigation reform would be incomplete if police can not request search or arrest warrant and if evidence admissibility is discriminatory between police and prosecutor regarding the interrogation protocol of suspect. The ongoing adjustment of police & prosecutor investigative power is associated with the judicial reform big picture, in the strict sense that direct investigation by the prosecutor hinders a fair indictment. Given the competition for investigation, the bill should be revised in order that police is able to deny forwarding a case according to the prosecutor’s demand without just reason, which will prevent prosecutor from presumably arrogating case under investigation by police.

경찰의 성폭력범죄 대응근거와 실제

이봉한 한국공안행정학회 2019 한국공안행정학회보 Vol.28 No.3

이 연구는 성폭력관련 경찰활동의 근거규정 및 대응실제를 살펴본 후, 경찰전략의 방향성을 몇 가지 서술하였다. 근거규정으로는 우범자관찰보호, 성폭력피해자보호 및 지원규정, 그루밍 성범죄 등 수법수사에 관해 살펴보았다. 경찰전략으로는 피해자보호 관련 경찰교육 강화, 피해자 공감적 수사, 성폭력 협약및 협의회추진, 스토킹 같은 잠재적 성폭력 대응 그리고 경찰의 성폭력 예방을논의하였다. 교육측면에서 본다면 성폭력 통념으로 인한 2차 피해의 문제에 있어 경찰관 개개인의 인식을 개선하기 위한 교육의 실시라든지 성폭력 수사 전문과정 및 진술녹화 교육과정과 같은 전담조사관 교육의 커리큘럼에 있어서성인지적 관점에서의 교육이 강화되어야 할 것이다. 상담기법의 적용을 통한조사를 실천하면서 고객만족도에 미치는 영향을 재평가하는 절차의 확립은 피해자보호대책에서의 패러다임 전환에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 성폭력에 관한한, 스토킹에 대한 대응전략수립, 대언론관계에서의 성폭력 보도문제 협의 등은 궁극적으로 성폭력 피해자 보호에 경찰이 적극 나서는 자세를 보여주는 것이며 피해자를 진심으로 이해하고 지지하는 피해자 중심 경찰활동으로 역량이모아져야 할 것이다 This study aims reflecting police activities related to sexual violence especially in terms of some basis as directives such as 「sexual violence investigation and victim protection instruction (801st)」 and reality, followed by suggesting a way of strategic orientation. The basis of policing contains couple of enactments of victim protection, management of second offender, MO investigation of sexual violence. We may keep an eye on stalking as a potential sexual violence, including empathetic interview with victim and sexual violence prevention MOU & consultive group etc., which are major subjects for police agency to perform. It is needed to stress the police education enhancement and prevention of police sexual violence(PSV). When it comes to sexual violence, it is important for police agent to get out in front such as reporting guidelines consultation, which will lead to certain paradigm shift in victim assistance and improve human rights sensitivity. Eventually most of police capacity must be gathered to victim oriented policing.

제도 내외의 피해자 보호대책에 관한 연구

이봉한 경찰대학교 2006 경찰학연구 Vol.6 No.1

A crime victims protection in South Korea is not enough both in and out of criminal justice system in comparison with foreign system. Established not for the perpetrator but for the potential victims, citizens, criminal justice system or policy should be much more focused on victims, the criminal case's other party. For advanced policy of victims protection, we may take into consideration of several ways as follows. First, it is quintessence for victims to have a lawyer aid and be informed, as well as partial amendment of insufficient prevalent laws concerning victims protection. Second, it is required to investigate the possibility of intimidations and reprisals and find out dangerous criminals and fugitives, even delinquents on probation whose whereabouts are not known by means of private investigators, though not legitimate yet. Third, in order to predict or prevent victimization, tabulation of victims statistics would be very useful, which may contain integral informations of victims features and situational environs for the purpose of further technical analysis. Fourth, crime victim's expenditure of time caused by criminal procedural delay should be compensated well. Finally, any forms of checking mechanisms for media release, whose portrayals of crime and violence would result in heightened public anxieties and a greater public mandate for increasingly punitive punishments, are needed, including Independent Broadcasting Authority, civil monitoring enhancement, an agreement on reporting with police, higher costs of report responsibility as such. A criminal justice system has not been established for the only and final goals to ensure restricted interest and emotion of victims. That's why we need a balanced comprehensive consideration, harmonized with procedural care for perpetrator' rights, regarding prevention of repeated victimization and victim's status within criminal procedure and victim oriented legislation as well as the relation between restoration and punishment.

절연체 함량이 Fe-Si-Al 분말자성코어의 특성에 미치는 영향

이봉한,장평우 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 2009 産業科學硏究 Vol.26 No.2

Fe-Sl-Si powder compressed cores have been received a great attention for the future applications since those cores have been known suitable for the power converter systems of the hybrid vehicles, solar cell generators and so on. Effects of insulator content on properties of Fe-Si-Al magnetic alloy powder compressed cores were investigated with a particular emphasis on core losses and permeability. Permeability was constant up to 2.5 MHz and then decreased drastically beyond 10 MHz regardless of insulator content. With increasing insulator content, permeability increased and then decreased, the reason for which was increment of compaction density due to lubrication effect of talc added as an insulator. Also because of the same reason, core loss decreased and then increased with increasing insulator content, which was due to the behavior of dc hysteresis loss. DC hysteresis loss was around two times higher than that of eddy current loss. Therefore it is very important to keep dc hysteresis loss at a lower value to reduce core loss of the Fe-Si-Al powder compressed cores.

사기수법과 기망전술의 유형

이봉한 한국경찰연구학회 2008 한국경찰연구 Vol.7 No.1

사기피해 사례들을 수법을 중심으로 고찰하고 사기 피해자화에 공통적으로 적용되는 여러 가지 기망전술을 유형적으로 분석한 후에 사기범죄의 피해예방책을 위한 일련의 단서를 찾는 것이 요망된다. 모든 종류의 사기에서의 구성요소인 기망전술을 크게 다섯 가지 즉, 유인전술과 공포전술, 그리고 신비전술, 거래신의칙, 기타 감정 전술로 대별할 수 있다. 이를 통해 얻을 수 있는 시사점으로는 그 중에서 ‘유인’을 본질로 하는 기망에서는 사기피해자의 책임 및 그 정도를 따져볼 여지가 있으나 그 외의 기망전술에 있어서는 사기피해자도 책임이 있다는 일반적 선입견에 의해 사기수법의 악질성과 교묘성이 희석되지 않도록 해야 한다는 점과 사기예방대책은 기망전술의 범주에 따라 다르게 이루어질 수 있다는 점, 그리고 신고율제고를 위해서는 피해자지원과 병행하여 신고 및 고소․고발이 용이하도록 기관 및 단체와의 공조가 필요하다는 점이다. 피해자에 대한 부정적 시각이 통용되는 분위기에서는, 사기범죄자가 「중화」기술을 통해 피해자의 신고의지를 꺾거나 무력하게 만드는 길을 열어주는 결과가 되고, 사법기관의 왜곡된 시각에 의해 실체적 진실발견의 의지가 약화될 수도 있게 된다. 앞으로도 사기 수법은 새롭게 등장할 것이고 피해자를 기망하는 기본 전술은 여전히 통용될 것이다. 수사기관에서는 사기미수에 대해 더 적극적이어야 하고, 일반법집행기관에서는 사기예방 내지 저지차원에서 피해자화 과정에 적절하게 개입하여 피해를 중단시켜야 하는데, 가장 효율적인 것은 그 중 기망이 이루어지는 초기단계에서 개입하는 것이다. Many fraud cases including Internet fraud, can be classified in terms of Modus Operandi and deceit tactics which is common to all kinds of fraud, thereafter we may find any useful clues for prevention of fraud victimization. The deceit tactics in fraud can be divided roughly into five classes, such as enticement, scare, mystery, good faith and the other emotion tactics. First, It leaves much room for discussion as to whether the fraud victim by enticement tactics is to be blamed for his greed, vanity and so on, to what extent. But those who are victimized by the rest of tactics should not be the target of reproach, otherwise generally wrong preconception would just let the offender use neutralization skills and make victims unwilling to report the crime and feel helpless. It is likely to lead the law enforcement agency who is responsible for fact finding into taking negative attitude to the given case with a distorted point of view. Second, different responses may be done according to each deceit tactic. And lastly, reporting system should be improved so that victims can feel like complaining more easily. Apparently fraudsters are masters at instilling a false sense of fear, shame, and guilt in their victims who is chosen and manipulated carefully. The rates of reporting frauds remains low with ultimate result desirable to perpetrators. A more elaborate intervention in victimizing process and a more effective assist to fraud victims may reduce the risk of becoming a victim of fraud and help victims get their life back on track.

인터넷사기 대처방안

이봉한 경찰대학교 2008 경찰학연구 Vol.8 No.1

Due to rapidly evolving criminal methodologies, it is not likely to include every scenario of Internet Fraud in the study. Moreover, pervasive IT inherent to cybercrimes means that criminal justice system components may be affected by or involved in investigating a given combination of IT-enabled abuse and Internet fraud. The social engineering technique of utilizing the Public Prosecutor's Office is to intimidate and convince the recipient that the e-mail or cell phone is legitimate. Although the number of victimizations is higher than that of formal statistics, the reporting of frauds remains low because offenders are masters at instilling a false sense of fear, shame, and guilt in their victims. While victims are questioned in order to get exact statements, victim support should be accompanied with it under a mutual-assistance system of public and private agency. Intelligence-led policing is one of the way for coping effectively with chronic fraudulent offender such as psychopath. It is recommended to establish an integrated Complaint Center, tentatively named “IC4(Internet Commerce & Crime Complaint Center)”, which is designed to receive any Internet crime complaints and charges, to distribute Internet crime informations to the public and to guide (potential) victims in decision making at both the preventive and reactive levels. IC4 also would be responsible for authentication and registration check which are performed respectively or partly by Korea Consumer Agency, Financial Supervisory Service and Seoul Electronic Commerce Center. More essential way of handling Internet Fraud is up to both available contents and methods in fraud prevention and victimization ads with a list of identified criminals posted on Internet.

Effect of Taekwondo Training on Physical Fitness and Growth Index According to IGF-1 Gene Polymorphism in Children

이봉한,김기진 대한약리학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.4

This study analyzed the effect of regular Taekwondo training for 16 weeks on physical fitness and growth index depending on different IGF-1 gene polymorphisms. The subjects of the study were 44 male students who were 8 year years old. The IGF-1 gene showed the highest frequency of 18 CA repeat (190 bp) in 50% of subjects, and was found in the homozygote (n=11), heterozygote (n=22) and non-carriers (n=11). The results of the physical fitness and growth index among the gene polymorphism groups indicated no significant differences but the expected height of the non-carrier group was significantly high (p<0.05). After Taekwondo training, the homozygote group and the non-carrier groups demonstrated significant (p<0.05) increase in grip strength and in time in the standing with one leg while closing eyes test, respectively. Only the homozygote group had a significant (p< 0.05) increase in thigh circumference. IGF-1 concentration significantly (p<0.05) increased in the heterozygote group, while HOMA-IR significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the homozygote group. Furthermore, there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in glucose in both the homozygote and the non-carriers groups. The difference between physical fitness and growth index depending on the IGF-1 gene polymorphism after Taekwondo training did not show consistent impact.