논단 2-전자기기의 뇌써-지 대책

이복희,Lee, Bok-Hui 한국전기산업진흥회 1996 電氣産業 Vol.7 No.1

가정용 전기기구의 효과적인 뇌서지 보호기법

이복희,강성만,엄주홍,이수봉,길형준,구본완,안창환 대한전기학회 2004 전기학회논문지C Vol.53 No.3(C)

This paper deals with the effective protection method for the household electric appliances against lightning surges invading from the power lines. Direct or induced lightning is the main cause of the breakdown of household electric appliance. The most effective protection method is to install SPDs(surge protective devices) at household electric appliances. If SPDs were not installed at most household electric appliances, it is necessary to install SPDs on the mains. Therefore the propagation aspect and protection methods of lighting surges coming into household electric appliances through the mains was experimentally investigated. The in actual-sized test circuits results of protection method for 8 household electric appliances including computer monitors and TV set could be summarized as follows: The breakdown characteristics of household electric appliances from lightning surges were significantly changed with the their input impedance. Namely, the types of input impedance are classified into infinite, resistive or inductive impedances. Especially, the monitor for computer with inductive input impedance from lightning surges was relatively weak against lightning surges. It was confirmed that the self inductance of branch circuits on the mains have protection effect for household electric appliances against lightning surges invading from the power lines. Also the varistors installed at cabinet panel or circuit-breaker were more effective than multi-tap outlet with varistors. When installed varistors in cabinet panel and multi-tap outlet together, the surge protection effect is much more excellent in technical and economical aspects.

SF₆/CO₂혼합기체 중에서 뇌임펄스코로나방전의 특성

이복희,백영환,오성균,안창환,Lee, Bok-Hee,Baek, Young-Hwan,Oh, Sung-Kyun,Ahn, Chang-Hwan 한국조명전기설비학회 2006 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.20 No.1

본 논문은 불평등 전계의 $SF_6/CO_2$혼합기체 중에서 전구방전특성에 대한 실험결과를 제시한다. 임펄스 전구방전 진전을 코로나 전류와 방전광 이미지의 측정으로 조사하였다. 정 부극성의 전구방전 진전메커니즘은 기본적으로 같았으며, 초기스트리머코로나는 침전극의 끝단에서 발단되어 계단상으로 진전하는 리더에 의해 시험갭을 교락시킨다. 정극성에서 리더펄스의 휴지시간은 부극성에서보다 매우 짧았다. 또한 부극성에서 초기스트리머코로나와 절연파괴사이의 시간간격은 정극성에서보다 매우 길게 나타났다. 정극성에서 방전채널경로는 임의적으로 나타났으며, 부극성에서 리더 채널은 정극성에서 보다 굵고 밝게 나타났다. This paper presents experimental results relating to the preliminary breakdown characteristics in $SF_6/CO_2$ gas mixtures under a highly non-uniform electric field. The impulse pre-breakdown developments are investigated by the measurements of corona current and light emission images. As a result, the preliminary breakdown development mechanisms for both the positive and negative polarities were fundamentally same. The first streamer corona was initiated at the tip of needle electrode, and the leaders developed with a stepwise propagation and bridged the test gap. The pause time of leader pulses in the positive polarity was significantly shorter than that in the negative polarity. Also, the time interval between the first streamer corona onset and breakdown in the negative polarity was much longer than that in the positive polarity. The discharge channel path in the positive polarity was zigzag, and the leader channel in the negative polarity was thicker and brighter than that in the positive polarity.

봉상접지전극의 접지임피던스의 주파수의존성의 분석

이복희,엄주홍 대한전기학회 2004 전기학회논문지C Vol.53 No.8(C)

This paper presents a systematic approach of measurement, modeling and analysis of grounding system impedance in the field of lightning protection system and intelligent power equipments. The measurement and analysis system of ground impedance is based on a computer aided technique. The magnitude and phase of ground impedance were determined by the novel measurement and analysis using the revised fall-of-potential method. The ground impedances of the ground rod of 50 m long are considerably dependent on the frequency. The ground impedance is mainly resistive in the frequency range of 3-20 kHz. At higher frequencies, the reactive components of the ground impedances are no longer negligible and the inductance of the ground rod was found to be the core factor deciding the ground impedance. Although the steady-state ground resistance of the ground rod of 50 m was less than that of the ground rod of 10 m, the ground impedances of the ground rod of 50 m over the frequency range of more than 60 kHz were much greater than those of the ground rod of 10 m. Furthermore, the equivalent circuit model based on the measured data was proposed, and the calculated results were in approximately agreement with the measured data.

Ranking Forward-Looking Centers and Discourse structure

이복희 한국영미어문학회 2002 영미어문학 Vol.- No.66

On the Integration of the Centering Algorithm with Models of Global Discourse Structure

이복희 한국영미어문학회 2004 영미어문학 Vol.- No.73

This paper discusses the searching mechanism of the antecedent of (overt and null) pronouns in English and Korean. Since centering is underspecified with respect to its interaction to global discourse structure, it is difficult to test centering on extended discourses. Extended discourses are likely to consist of multiple segments, but any claim of the theory cannot be tested on two utterances that span a discourse segment boundary. In this paper, I argue that the restriction of centering to operate within a discourse segment poses many problems for centering theory. They can be eliminated by abandoning this restriction, and by integrating centering with Grosz and Sidner's (1986) stack model and the cache model of attentional state proposed in Walker (1996, 1998).

전력설비용 접지시스템에 공결점에 따른 과도응답특성

이복희,이승칠,엄주홍,심판섭 한국조명전기설비학회 1999 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.13 No.3

본 논문은 임펄스전류에 대한 전력설비용 접지시스템의 과도응답특성에 대하여 기술하엿으며, 피뢰기 접지도선을 통하여 임펄스전류가 유입될 때, 공결점과 다른 접지도선에 유도되는 전위상승을 측정·분석하였다. 낙뢰서지에 의한 피뢰기의 동작을 모의하기 위하여 뇌임펄스전류를 인가하였으며, 본 실험에서 얻은 임펄스 응답특성의 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 접지전극에 유도되는 전위상승은 접지도선에 유도된 것과는 상당히 달았으며, 다른 독립접지전극에도 높은 전위유도가 발생하였다. 또한 임펄스전류에 의한 접지전극과 접지도선의 전위상승은 공결점의 위치에 따라 현저하게 변하였다. 근방공결한 경우 임펄스전류에 의한 공결점의 전위상승은 원방공결한 경우보다 낮게 나타났다. 피뢰기 접지도선의 전위상승은 근방공결한 경우가 원방공결항 것보다 높게 나타났다. 따라서 전위상승의 측면을 고려하면 근방공결하는 경우가 원방공결하는 것보다 효과적이고, 전력기기의 절연보호 측면에서는 원방공결하는 것이 보다 효과적임을 알았다. Ths paper describes the transient response characteristics of the grounding systems for electric power facilities against impluse currents. In this work, when the impulse current was injected through the grounding conductor for arrester, the investigations treasuring and analyzing potential rises induced at the cormron cormection trint and other grounding conductors were conducted. The lightning impulse current was awliErl so as to simulate the on-set of arrester due to lightning surges. Measured results of impulse response characteristics from the present experinrrits are as follows;

운방전에 의해서 방사된 자장 파형의 파라미터

이복희,안창환,장석훈 한국전자파학회 1999 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.10 No.6

본 논문에서는 운방전에 의해서 방사되는 자장 파형을 측정할 수 있는 루프형 자장 센서를 이용한 계측장 치를 제작하고, 뇌방전과 관측점 사이의 거리측정계를 제안하였다. 정극성과 부극성의 자장 파형에 대한 중첩 펄스의 시간 간격, 영점 교차시간과 백분율 반전답의 깊이 등의 파라미터를 뇌방전 지점과 관측 지점 사이의 거리에 따라 통계적으로 분석하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다 운방전에 의해서 발생한 자장 파형 의 파두 부분에는 수 개의 중첩 펄스가 관측되었으며, 이들 펄스 사이의 평균 시간 간격은 약 $4\mu\textrm{s}$이었다. 또 한, 양극성 특성이 명확하게 나타났으며, 백분율 반전답의 깊이는 약 57 -65 %이었다. 뇌방전 지점에서 관측 지점 사이의 거리가 증가할수록 영점 교차시간은 짧아졌다. In this paper, the recording device for measuring the magnetic field waveforms associated with the cloud lightning discharges was made by the loop-type magnetic field sensor, and the measuring system of a distance between lightning stroke point and observatory site was proposed. The parameters including the time interval of superimposed pulses, zero-to-zero crossing time and the percentage depth of the dip for the positive and the negative magnetic field waveforms were statistically analyzed as a function of the distance between the lightning discharge point and the observatory site. The results could be summarized as follows; Several superimposed pulses were observed at the initial front part of the magnetic field waveform produced by cloud lightning discharges, and the mean time interval between superimposed pulses was about $4\mu\textrm{s}$. Also, the bipolar characteristic appeared significantly and the percentage depth of the dip was about 57~65%. It was known that the zero-to-zero crossing time of the electromagnetic fields is gradually decreased as a distance between lightning discharge point and observatory site is increased.

비선형 소자 및 서지억제회로의 Pspice 시뮬레이션

이복희,공영은,최원규,전덕규,Lee, Bok-Hui,Gong, Yeong-Eun,Choe, Won-Gyu,Jeon, Deok-Gyu 대한전기학회 2000 전기학회논문지C Vol.54 No.12

This paper presents Pspice modeling methods for spark gaps and ZnO varistors and describes the application for the two-stage surge suppression circuit which was composed of the nonlinear components. The simulation modelings of nonlinear components were conducted on the basis of the voltage and current curves measured by the impulse current with the time-to-crest of $1~50 \mus$ and the impulse voltage with the rate of the time-to-crest of 10, 100 and 1000 V/\mus$</TEx>. The firing voltages of the spark gap increased with increasing the rate of the time-to-crest of impulse voltage and the measured data were in good agreement with the simulated data. The I-V curves of the ZnO varistor were measured by applying the impulse currents of which time-to-crests range from 1 to $50 \mus$ and peak amplitudes from 10 A to 2 kA. The simulation modeling was based on the I-V curves replotted by taking away the inductive effects of the test circuit and leads. The meximum difference between the measured and calculated data was of the order of 3%. Also the two-stage surge suppression circuit made of the spark gap and the ZnO varistor was investigated with the impulse voltage of $10/1000\mus$$mutextrm{s}$ wave shape. The overall agreement between the theoretical and experimental results seems to be acceptable. As a consequence, it was known that the proposed simulation techniques could effectively be used to design the surge suppression circuits combined with nonlinear components.

계단상 리더에 의해서 방사된 귀환뇌격 직전의 전장과 자장 파형의 특성

이복희,이동문,정동철,장근철,이승칠,정광희 대한전기학회 2003 전기학회논문지C Vol.53 No.6

In this paper statistics on the radiation field waveforms produced by stepped leaders just prior to lightning return strokes were described. As a parameter of stepped leader pulse characteristics, the time interval between the final leader pulse and return stroke peak, the pause time between stepped leaders, the ratio of the final leader peak to the return stroke peak and the stepped leader pulse width at half maximum were examined. The average time intervals between the final leader pulse and return stroke peak were about 16.2 and 14.8$mutextrm{s}$ for the positive and negative polarities, respectively. When the stepped leader approaches closely to ground, the time interval between leader steps was decreased and the mean value was about 17$mutextrm{s}$, and the present results were in reasonable agreement with the data observed in Florida and Japan. The large fraction of the ratios of the final stepped leader pulse to the lightning return stroke peak were distributed over the range from 5 to 35% and in average the ratio of the final leader pulse to the return stroke peak was 17.4$\pm$11.9% for the positive and 18.5$\pm$9.4% for the negative electric field waveforms. In addition, the mean pulse widths at half maximum of the stepped leaders are 1.4Us with a standard deviation of 0.9 for the positive Polarity and 2.2us with a standard deviation of 1.2 for the negative polarity, respectively.