우리나라 관광호텔의 인사평가실태에 관한 연구

이방식(Lee Bang Sik) 한국관광레저학회 1992 관광레저연구 Vol.- No.4

Impact of Job Satisfaction to Job Stress and Turnover Intent Moderated by Professional Commitment

Lee Bang-Sik(이방식) 대한관광경영학회 2010 觀光硏究 Vol.25 No.2

본 논문에서는 한국 호텔산업 종사자의 직업 만족도가 최근 많이 향상된 점을 고려하여 호텔종사자의 직업몰입에 따라 직무만족이 직무스트레스와 이직의도에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지, 그 영향관계를 실증 연구하였다. 조사분석은 한국의 특급호텔에 근무하는 종사원 218명을 대상으로 하였고, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 직업몰입과 직무만족은 직무스트레스에 조절변수의 역할을 한다. 둘째, 직무스트레스는 이직이도에 정의 유의적 관계를 갖는다. 이상의 가설검증을 토대로 할 때 직업몰입 수준이 낮은 집단은 직무만족이 높다 하더라도 이직의도의 경향성을 보인다. 따라서 호텔산업은 종사원들에게 호텔산업의 사회적 지명도 획득을 위한 노력은 유능한 인재의 이직방지의 수단이 됨을 인식할 필요가 있다. 이는 호텔리어로서의 직업몰입도가 높은 표본집단 성원들은 직무만족수준이 높을수록 직무스트레스는 크게 떨어지는 경향성을 보인 점을 통해서 입증되고 있다. 이러한 결과는 단위호텔은 자사의 사회적 이미지 제고가 호텔리어의 자부심고취에 정의 영향을 미치며 이는 자연히 이직방지의 적극적 장치가 됨을 인식할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 다음과 같은 연구의 한계가 있다. 첫째, 회귀모형의 설명력이 크게 낮았다. 따라서 설문문항의 타당도 향상을 위해 설문구성 항목을 다소 보완할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 본 연구는 호텔종사원의 직업몰입 수준을 조절변수로 한 까닭에 판매, 은행, 전문 기술직 등, 다소 직업만족도가 높은 직업군으로의 일반화에는 다소의 무리가 있다고 본다. Considering that the social recognition on the hotel industry in Korea bas much been enhanced and positively accepted by the public, this Study focused on the exploration of impact of job satisfaction to job stress and turnover intent moderated by professional commitment in Korean hospitality area. The number of the sample for the research include 218 respondents working at upscale hotels in Korea. The results of this study are as follows: First, professional commitment moderates the relationship between job satisfaction and job stress. Second, Job stress is positively and significantly related to turnover intent. Following the study results, the hoteliers with lower professional commitment are much likely to show some higher turnover intent although their job satisfaction level is high. On the other hand, the hoteliers with higher professional commitment are much likely to show some lower turnover intent when their job satisfaction level is high. These imply that the Korean hotel industry tray need to keep good social reputation as occupational arena and it will be an indirect means to prevent the Korean hoteliers from turnover behaviors. This study bas some limitations. First, the amount of explained variance is not much enough to account for the regression model(R2adj. for job stress=052, and R2adj. for turnover intent= .116.) and reconsideration may be necessary for future study to enhance the amount of explained variance. Second, the generalization of the present findings may be limited, since a hotel employee's job may be significantly different from that of a salesperson, bank teller, or technician.

지방화시대 중앙은행제도 개편과 분권화에 관한 연구

李邦植(Lee, Bang Sik) 한국재정학회(구 한국재정·공공경제학회) 1999 재정논집 Vol.13 No.2

This paper studies the Eighth Act Amending the Central Banking Act, which came into force on December 31, 1997. The Eighth Act Amending the Central Banking Act of December 31, 1997 in Korea altered in several respects, a few sections of the Central Banking Act. The results of this study are as follows: In order for the Bank of Korea to serve its primary function, the Bank of Korea needs to focus on the decentralization of the Central Banking System, the cutback of quasi-fiscal activities and the reinforcement of banking supervison.

신용장의 취소 및 조건변경에 관한 연구

이방식(Lee, Bang Sik),박석재(Park, Suk Jae) 韓國貿易商務學會 2011 貿易商務硏究 Vol.50 No.-

This work intends to study some issues in relation to the cancellation and amendment of letter of credit. Those issues in relation to the cancellation are the significance and formation time of cancellation of letter of credit and some points for practical attention of UCP 600 in the case of cancellation of letter of credit. Those issues in relation to the amendment are the significance and formation requirements of amendment of letter of credit and some points for practical attention of UCP 600 in the case of amendment of letter of credit. If exporters receive letters of credit from foreign countries, they must confirm the indication of irrevocable letter of credit. When they find revocable letters of credit, they should amend the credits to be irrevocable credits. If issuing banks amend letters of credit against beneficiaries, the banks should receive the beneficiaries' consent. If amendments devalue applicants' expectations in the underlying transaction, the applicants for whom the credit issues are not liable to reimburse. Beneficiaries and issuing banks may amend a credit, but the issuing bank acts at its own peril if it does not obtain the applicant's consent.

한중무역구조에 대한 위안화 환율변화 효과

이방식(Bang-Sik Lee),김창권(Chang-Kwon Kim) 영남대학교 중국연구센터 2011 중국과 중국학 Vol.14 No.-

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of exchange rate variation of the Chinese Yuan on the Korean-Chinese trade structure, based on the Johansen co-integration tests among the real exchange rate of the Chinese Yuan(RE), the trade specialization index(TSI) and revealed comparative advantage index(RCA). The indices of the latter two are categorized according to not only industries which tradedcommodities belong to and but also their characteristics. Some important results are as follows: There may be no significant effect of the RE on the TSI of total Korean trade to China, while there are some meaningful results, if the data are dis-aggregated. In the short run, an appreciation of the RE positively affects the TSIs for IT goods and heavy industrial products. In the long run, its initial effects disappear as the trade imbalance rather affects the RE. If the data are dis-aggregated according to commodity uses, the slight positive long-term effects of the RE on the TSIs for raw materials and capital goods can be found, though their short-term ones are statistically insignificant. In the case of direct consumer’s goods, an appreciation shortly affects positively, but negatively TSI in the long run because of the so-called income effects. The significantly positive effects of the RE on the RCA for Korean trade to China can be confirmed in the short run only for IT goods according to industrial sectors. In the long run, however, they disappear or an improvement of RCA, i.e., international competitiveness, affects so far as the exchange rate, especially in the case of light industrial products and of IT goods. By commodity use, the short effects of the RE on RCAs are ambiguous, but the long-term positive effects of the RE on RCAs are found, especially very elastic in the case of capital goods.

인센티브여행의 관광사업적 성격에 관한 연구

이방식(Lee Bang Sik) 한국관광레저학회 1996 관광레저연구 Vol.8 No.2

부산지역 관광호텔업의 활성화 방안에 관한 연구

이방식(Bang Sik Lee) 한국관광레저학회 1993 관광레저연구 Vol.- No.5

우리나라 호텔식음료업장 고객의 인종별 이용형태 연구

이방식(Lee Bang-Sik) 한국관광레저학회 2006 관광레저연구 Vol.18 No.1

은행지급확약 통일규칙(URBPO)의 주요 내용에 관한 연구

이방식(Bang-Sik Lee),박석재(Suk-Jae Park) 한국무역연구원 2019 무역연구 Vol.15 No.1

This paper intends to study the main contents of the Uniform Rules for Bank Payment Obligations (URBPO). One of main characteristics of the URBPO is the scope of URBPO in that it applies only to banks, not sellers or buyers. Also, URBPO uses common infrastructure such as Trade Service Utility (TSU) and has a common message such as ISO 20022. There are some differences between UCP 600 and URBPO. UCP 600 deals with documents while the URBPO deals with data. UCP 600 has many articles such as transport documents, insurance documents, certificates, but URBPO has no articles in relation to transport documents. Proprietary articles of URBPO include Article 4 (Message Definitions), Article 9(Role of an Involved Bank), Article 14 (Unavailability of a Transaction Matching Application), Article 15 (Applicable Law). Articles of URBPO derived from UCP 600 include Article 1 (Scope), Article 2 (Application), Article 3 (General Definitions), Article 6 (Bank Payment Obligations or BPO vs. Contracts), Article 8 (Expiry Date and Submission), Article 10 (Undertaking of an Obligor Bank), Article 11 (Amendments), Article 12 (Disclaimer on Effectiveness of Data), Article 13 (Force Majeure), Article 16 (Assignment and Transfer).

신용장의 개설 관련 제 문제에 관한 연구

이방식(Lee, Bang Sik),박석재(Park, Suk Jae) 한국무역상무학회 2010 貿易商務硏究 Vol.46 No.-

This work intends to study some problems in relation to the issuance of letters of credit. Those problems are the delay of issuing letters of credit, the reissuing letters of credit, and the issuing letters of credit in the third party's name. Sellers and buyers must keep in mind that the supply of letter of credit by buyer is the condition precedent for a seller's shipment obligation. A seller has no obligation to ship the goods until he receives the letter of credit by buyer's bank, issuing bank. An issuing bank can have the risk that an original letter of credit and a reissued letter of credit can be used double in the exporting country. The most safe method for issuing bank is to cancel the original letter of credit and to reissue a new letter of credit. When an issuing bank issues a letter of credit in the third party's name, the bank should investigate the background of the transaction and give the buyer a proper line of credit.