자연과학편 : 알콜 섭취량(攝取量)에 따른 기초체력(基礎體力)의 변화(變化)

이명천(MyungChunLee) 한국체육학회 1987 한국체육학회지 Vol.26 No.2

In order to analyze the variation of basic physical fitness caused by alcohol intake, 12 students who are majored in physical education were rendomly chosen.They were divided into 3 Groups, and given 50ml(Group A), 100ml(Group B). l50ml (Group C) of alcoholic liquors(Susung Koryangju : Alcohol 40%) respectively.After that they took a rest. The school concentration in blood was measured three times at an interval of 45 minutes.Each group had a basic physical fitness test about five items (Hand grip strength, Sit-ups, Stick test, Sargent jump, Reaction time).The result were summarized as follows :1. After 45 minutes, Group A and C showed their maximum values of alcohol concentration in blood were 0.25±0.05 ㎎/㎖, 1.05±0.05㎎/㎖.The maximum value of Group B was 0.525±0.025 ㎎/㎖ after 90 minutes.2. After 135 minutes, alcohol concentration in blood was decreased conspicuonsly than before. Group A was 0.05 ㎎/㎖ Group B was 0 377±0.025㎎/㎖, and Group was 0.80±0,75 ㎎/㎖.3. In Hand grip strenght test and Sit-ups test, Group C was weakened conspicuously.4. There was much difference in Stick test among the three Groups. Group C Showed evident decrease in Stick test.5. Only Sargent jump test was increased than before drinking.6. Reaction time test to sound was much faster than that to light.The majority of the students reacted fastest to forward and backward Reaction time among the direction lights(foward, backward, left, right), and fastest to Blus light among the color lights(red, green. yellow, blue).But there was no much difference of direction lights and color lights about alcohol concentration in blood.7. The weakness and improvement of basic physical fitness were in proportion to the amount of alcohol intake.

자연과학편 : 운동부하(運動負荷) 후(後) 혈중(血中) 무기질(無機質) · 효소(酵素) · 중성지방(中性脂肪)의 변화(變化)

이명천(MyungChunLee),김재호(JeaHoKim),강신일(ShinIllKang),김찬희(C.H.Kim) 한국체육학회 1986 한국체육학회지 Vol.25 No.2

The purpose of this research was to compare the changes of minerals, ferment, and trig·levels of the athletes group with non-athletes group on plasma after 100 meters swimming and 20 meters subaqueous swimming respectively.The results were obtained.1. At the test of NA, K, CL, CA, P, LDH, SGOT, SGPT, BUN, U.A, and TRIG, all of athletes and non-athletes group skewed normal range.2. After swimming, the changes of NA, CL in non-athletes group were more decreased by 0.2meq / ℓ, 1.75meq / ℓ respectively than those of athletes group. The changes of K in both groups were level with that the rest.3. After swimming, the changes of P in athletes group and non-athletes group were decreased by o.195㎎ / ㎗, 0.4㎎ / ㎗ and the changes of TRIG in athletes group was same as that of the rest. But that of TRIG in non-athletes group was decreased by 1.5㎎ / ㎗.4. After swimming, the changes of LDH, SGOT, SGPT in both groups were increased and the changes of LDH and SGOT in non-athletes group were the highest increase among them by 8.25 unit / ℓ, 3.25unit / ℓ.5. After swimming, the changes of BUN and U.A in all of both groups were increased by 1.5㎎ / ㎗, 0.4㎎ / ㎗.

12주간 수중운동이 노인여성의 체중, 체지방율, 혈당 및 혈중지질에 미치는 영향

이명천(MyungChunLee),장유정(YouJungJang) 한국체육학회 2009 한국체육학회지 Vol.48 No.5

본 연구는 수중운동이 LDL-콜레스테롤이 ‘경계성높음(130mn/dl)’ 이상이고 체지방율이 30% 이상인 63세 이상의 노인여성에서 비만과 혈중지질의 개선에 어느 정도의 효과를 나타내는지 확인하고자 시행되었다. 수중운동프로그램은 12주간 주 3회 50분 동안 실시하였고 피험자의 수가 적어 비모수적 검정 방법(Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon's signed rank test)을 사용하여 실험 전·후 체중, 체지방율, 혈당 및 혈중지질(총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤)의 변화를 비교하였다. 연구결과 총 콜레스테롤(P=0.031)과 LDL-콜레스테롤(P=0.031)은 감소하였지만 중성지방은 증가하였다(P=0.031). 체지방율, 혈당, HDL-콜레스테롤은 운동 후 감소하였으나 통계적 의미는 없었다(P=0.063). 결론적으로 12주간의 수중운동이 LDL-콜레스테롤이 높은 여성노인에서도 다른 약물이나 식이요법의 병행 없이도 LDL-콜레스테롤을 낮출 수 있음을 보여주었으며 식이를 조절하지 못하게 될 경우 운동만으로는 중성지방을 감소시킬 수 없음을 알 수 있었다. This study was designed to confirm whether aquatic exercise has positive effect on obesity and serum lipid levels on elderly women, especially whose LDL-cholesterol level was already high. The subjects were 63 years-old or older, whose percent body fat (PBF) was 30% or higher, and whose LDL-cholesterol was 130mg/dl or higher (borderline high). The exercise program was 12-week course with 50 minutes work-out, three times a week. Weight, PBF, serum glucose, and serum lipid (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) levels were measured before and after 12-week exercise and nonparametric test (Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon's signed rank test) was used for statistical analysis. Total cholesterol (P=0.031) and LDL-cholesterol (P=0.031) level decreased but triglyceride level increased (P=0.031). PBF, serum glucose, and HDL-cholesterol level decreased but with no statistical significance. This study showed that 12-week aquatic exercise alone normalizes LDL-cholesterol levels without any medication or diet modification on elderly women whose LDL-cholesterol was high. It also showed that exercise alone cannot reduce triglyceride level suggesting the need of diet modification.

스포츠생리학 : 스포츠 빈혈에 관한 문헌고찰

이명천(MyungChunLee),강형숙(HyungSookKang),백승훈(SeungHunBaek) 한국체육학회 1999 한국체육학회지 Vol.38 No.1

빈혈이란 hematocrit치, RBC수가 감소된 상태이며 혈중 hemoglobin이 정상이하인 경우를 말한다. 특히 운동선수들에게 보여지는 빈혈을 스포츠빈혈 또는 운동성 빈혈이라고 하는데, 혈구손실, 혈구파괴, 혈구 및 hemoglobin의 억제가 주요 원인이다.정상 성인의 체내 철의 종류로는 hemoglobin ferritin, hemosiderin, myoglobin, transferrin 등이 있고, 이들은 철과 결합하는 단백질을 함유한 혈중 산소운반체, ferritin이 과잉시 파괴되고 응고되어 철과 결합하는 근육중 산소운반체, 골수로 운반되어 hemoglobin을 생성하는 역할 등을 한다.특히 지구성 트레이닝을 지속하면 혈장수분량이 증가되어 혈액이 희석되므로 외견상의 빈혈이 인정되기도 한다. 여자선수나 장거리 육상선수, 감량이 요구되는 체급종목의 선수들에게는 종종 빈혈 현상이 나타난다. 빈혈은 운동능력을 저하시키고 각종 자각 증상을 주기 때문에 운동선수의 경기력 향상면이나 건강관리면에서 중요하다. 운동선수에게 나타나는 빈혈의 대부분은 철결핍성 빈혈이다.스포츠빈혈에서 적혈구의 파괴 항진은 장거리 달리기, 축구, 배구, 농구, 하키, 태권도, 검도 등 주로 발바닥의 모세혈관에 반복적으로 충격을 주는 운동 등에서 나타나는데 이를 용혈성 빈혈, 즉 footstrike hemolysis라고도 한다.스포츠 빈혈에 관한 문헌을 운동을 중심으로 고찰해 본 결과 스포츠 빈혈은 철결핍성에 의한 것이라는 연구보고가 대부분이기는 하지만 철결핍만은 아니라는 주장도 있다. 또한 스포츠 빈혈을 예방하거나 처방하기 위해서는 문헌고찰에서 언급한 바와 같이 철과잉 섭취는 다른 미량영양소인 아연과 구리의 흡수를 방해할 수 있으므로 철결핍과 함께 이에 관련된 제반 문제점들을 구체적으로 해결해야 할 것이며, 가벼운 정도의 스포츠 빈혈이라고 해서 적응현상에 따른 발생으로만 간과해서도 안될 것이다. 특히 운동선수들에게는 필연적으로 발생할 수 있는 용혈성 빈혈현상과 기전에 대해서는 보다 명확한 연구가 필요하다. 또한 스포츠 빈혈을 예방할 수 있는 바람직한 스포츠 식사구성, 철분제나 기타 영양제 보충, 운동종목별 훈련에 대한 변인들을 고려한 운동강도 설정, 트레이닝 프로그램 등이 체계적이고 종합적으로 재검토되어 선수의 경기력을 극대화하는 동시에 최적의 선수건강관리가 되도록 해야 할 것이며 추후 스포츠 심리학, 스포츠 내부분비학 등과 연계된 문헌적 고찰도 필요할 것으로 사료된다.*스포츠 빈혈, 용혈성 빈혈, 스포츠 식사 구성, 철대사, 철과잉, 철결핍 Anemia can be defined as that the hematocrit and the red blood cell count are reduced and the hemoglobin level is below the normal range. While the anemia appeared in athletes is referred to as sports anemia or exercise anemia, loss or breakdown of blood cells and suppression of blood cells and hemoglobin activities are the major causes of the anemia.In normal adults, hemoglobin, ferritin, hemosiderin, myoglobin, and trasferrin are the diverse forms of iron. The basic functions of these are the production of oxygen transport compounds in the blood containing iron-protein complex, oxygen transport compounds in the muscle containing iron and ferritin, by-product after breakdown of excess ferritin, and hemoglobin after transported into the bone marrow.Endurance exercise training may show anemia alike, since the training causes hemodilution increasing plasma volume. Female athletes, distance runners, or athletes who are required to control their body weight can show sports anemia quite often. Since the anemia leads a degradation of exercise performance and various subjective symptoms, a control of the anemia is important in improving athletes` performance and for their health management. The majority of sports anemia seems to be due to iron-deficiency. But the iron-deficient anemia, an involvement of hemolysis, and criteria for a diagnosis of the anemia are not always consistent.The destruction of blood cells in the sports anemia can be seen while giving a repeated impact on the capillary blood vessels in planta pedis. And this often can be appeared during distance running and playing soccer, volleyball, basketball, hockey, taekwondo, and kendo, so that this hemolysis anemia is also called footstrike hemolysis.The majority of the previous studies regarding the sports anemia show that the anemia is due to iron-deficiency. However, not all the studies agree that the iron-deficiency is the only reason to cause the anemia. Some evidences suggest that a excessive iron consumption may cause a suppression of absorption of trace minerals such as copper and zinc. Hence, for the prevention and prescription for the anemia, the iron deficiency and related problems have to be thoroughly understood. And a minor sports anemia may not be underestimated as to a adaptive progress of the athletes.Especially for the athletes, the phenomenon and the detailed mechanisms regarding the hemolysis anemia have to studied, analyzed, and evaluated. In addition, preventive measures considering diverse variables such as a dietary composition, an usage of iron supplements, and sports specific training methods-exercise intensities and training programs-have to be reevaluated. The employment of this counter-measures will maximize athletes` performances and lead to an appropriate health management for the athletes.

자연과학편 : 비만 고교생의 8주간 유산소 운동프로그램 참여 후 최대하운동에서 혈액응고 및 면역반응의 변화

남은정(EunJungNam),이명천(MyungChunLee),이대택(DaeTaekLee),이주형(JooHyungLee),배윤정(YoonJungBae) 한국체육학회 2006 한국체육학회지 Vol.45 No.6

본 연구는 비만 청소년들이 운동프로그램 참여 후 최대하운동에서의 혈액응고와 면역반응에 대한 변화를 알아보기 진행되었다. 7명의 남자고등학생과 5명의 여자고등학생들이 두 번의 실험사이에 8주의 유산소 운동프로그램에 참여했다. 실험 전후에 안정시와 운동 후에 혈액응고 및 면역반응의 변화를 알아보기 위해 적혈구, 백혈구, 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿, 섬유소원, 섬유소용해능력, 혈소판, 타액을 측정하여 분석한 결과, 대부분의 변인은 운동프로그램으로 인해 변하지 않았으나, 헤모글로빈과 섬유소용해능력이 운동프로그램에 의해 증가했다(P<0.05). 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었지만 헤마토크릿은 헤모글로빈이 운동프로그램에 의해 변화(안정시47.1±2.1 vs. 운동후 46.6±1.8 %) 하였기 때문에 최대하운동 동안에 증가하는 경향을 보였다(P<0.05). This study investigated changes of blood coagulation and immunologic responses to a bout of submaximal exercise after participating an exercise program in obese adolescents. Seven boys and five girls were participated in a 8-week aerobic exercise program between the two experiments. Before, in resting state, and after the bout of exercise, blood coagulation and immunologic parameters such as red blood cell, white blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, Factor-1, Plasma Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), platelet, and salivary immunoglobulin-A (S-IgA) were measured. Most measured variables were not changed by the exercise program, however, hemoglobin and Factor-1 increased by the program (P<0.05). Although statistically insignificant, the hematocrit showed a tendency of increment during the submaximal exercise after the program indicating possible hemodilution in conjunction with changes of hemoglobin. In conclusion, the 8-week exercise program resulted in a reduction of body weight and cardiovascular strain with possible involvement of a hemodynamic advantage such as hemodilution during a bout of submaximal exercise in those who have not exercised regularly and were obese adolescents. The data also demonstrated that a moderately intense exercise program elicited a positive influence on fibrinolysis without limiting a mucosal immune defense level.

자연과학편 : 여성의 생리주기에 따른 더위와 운동자극이 체수분과 타액 IgA 반응에 미치는 영향

안해란(HyaeRanAn),손지은(JeeEunSon),이명천(MyungChunLee),이대택(DaeTaekLee) 한국체육학회 2006 한국체육학회지 Vol.45 No.6

본 연구는 정상적 생리주기를 가진 20대 여성들이 더위와 운동자극이 배란중간시기와 월경중간시기간의 체액, 체온변화, 타액 IgA로 보는 면역기능의 변화가 서로 다를 것이라고 보고 생리학적으로 어떠한 변화를 가져오는가를 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 최근 경구피임약을 복용하지 않았으며, 출산경험이 없고 정상적인 생리주기(28-35일)를 가진 비훈련자 20대여성 중 7명(26.0±2.3 세, 161.5±3.2 cm, 55.4±5.1 kg, 26.9±4.8% fat, 21.2±1.7 kg/㎡)을 대상으로 배란중간시기(월경 전 6-9일)와 월경중간시기(월경 후 6-9일)로 구분하여 실험을 실시하였다. 피험자들은 35 ℃ 더위환경에서 최대심박수의 60-70% 운동강도로 90분간 달리기를 하였으며 총 실험은 120분 동안 진행되었다. 점막면역변화는 타액 IgA를 측정하였다. 체액변화를 분석하기 위해 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿, 알도스테론, 혈장 삼투압을 측정하였다. 운동과 더위자극은 체액변화, 면역반응에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a bout of submaximal exercise in the heat would change the responses of body fluid, body temperature, and a mucosal immunologic level monitored by salivary immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) in young women during two time points of their menstrual cycle; mid-follicular (MF) and mid-luteal (ML) phases. A total of seven young untrained women (26.0±2.3 yrs, 161.5±3.2 cm, 55.4±5.1 kg, 26.9±4.8 % body fat, 21.2±1.7 kg/㎡, maximal heart rate 185.0±7.7 beat/min) who had a regular menstrual cycle (28-35 days per cycle) and had no oral contraceptives or experience of giving a birth were tested in two occasions; during MF (6-9 days before menstruation) and ML (6-9 days after menstruation). For the test, subjects rested in a seated position at 35℃ for 30 min followed by running on a treadmill for 90 min at their 60-70% of predetermined maximal heart rate. For analyzing body fluid changes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, ALD, Posm were measured. Blood pressure and blood sampling were taken at resting, 60 and 90 min of exercise. In conclusion, exercise and heat stress induced a marginal body weight loss in both ML and MF, but no differences in regulatory mechanisims were observed during different phases of menstrual cycle. Exercise and heat stress in different menstrual phases does not seem to modify a muscosal immune resposnes.