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Ken Wilber의 4상한이론(AQAL)을 활용한 통합교육과정 모색
김복영 ( Bok Young Kim ),이루다 ( Roo Da Lee ) 한국교육과정학회 2010 교육과정연구 Vol.28 No.1
At a time when almost all fields of disciplines pursue consilience, fusion, and so forth, this study investigated integral philosopher Ken Wilber`s AQAL theory to find out a new approach to integrated curriculum. In order to do this, Wilber`s philosophical backgrounds and his AQAL (All Quadrants, All Levels) approach was described in detail. After that, four traditional approaches to integrated curriculum were delineated as follows: disciplines, language and literature, themes, and issues. On the basis of Wilber`s AQAL approach, the traditional approaches were shown in each quadrant in figures. In addition, an approach to integrated curriculum at the elementary level focused on the topic of Environment was presented in a table. Lastly, a new approach to integrated curriculum was provided in figure form. In conclusion, this study shows that traditional integrated curriculum lacks intuition, spirituality, wisdom, compassion which are included in the upper-left quadrant. Authentic integrated curriculum needs to consider those aspects and all levels of development as well.
다카야스 동맥염과 동반된 초점성 분절성 사구체경화증 1예
한대석,송영수,이호영,정현주,김주성,윤수영,최규헌,강신명,이루다,조승연 대한신장학회 2000 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.19 No.5
Takayasu's arteritis(TA) is a chronic inflammatory and obliterative disease of medium- and large-sized arteries characterized by a strong predilection for the aortic arch and its branches. Renal involvement is usually manifested by renovascular hypertension. Glomerular involvement is rare and largely exists as a mild mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, commonly manifesting microscopic hematuria and proteinuria. The association of glomerular disease with TA is of interest since common immunologic mechanisms are proposed for the pathogenesis of both entities. We report a case of TA associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The patient presented with hypertension(Upper limb; Rt. 200/80mmHg, Lt. 95/60mmHg, Lower limb; Rt. 140/90mmHg, Lt. 110/70mmHg) and nephrotic syndrome(Serum albumin: 2.3g/dL, cholesterol: 454mg/dL, BUN: 18.0mg/dL, creatinine 1.3mg/dL, 24-hour urine protein: 5.17g). Digital substraction angiography showed multiple narrowing and occlusive changes of aortic arch and its branches. Renal biopsy was interpreted as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Therapy was instituted with prednisolone.