머리하향기울기 자세에서 운동 중 더위자극과 저산소호흡이 체온, 체액, 대사반응에 미치는 영향

이대택(Dae Taek Lee),서용석(Yong Seok Seo),차광석(Kwang-Suk Cha) 한국생활환경학회 2007 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This studies examined the combined effects of normobaric hypoxic breathing and heat exposure during leg cycling at 6° Head Down Tilt (HDT) on thermoregulatory, body fluid, and metabolic responses. Ten healthy men (23±2 yrs, 69±6 ㎏, 174±5 ㎝) participated in three experimental sessions; 1) breathing normal air in ambient temperature (23.7±0.5℃) (N21), 2) breathing normal air in heat (38.8±0.5℃) (H21), and 3) breathing 13% oxygen in heat (H13). In each session, subjects rested for 30 min followed by leg cycling at 50~60% of VO2max for 30 min, then recovered 30 min while maintaining HDT throughout. Blood oxygen saturation was lower in H13 (77%) than N21 (98%) and H21 (97%). Subjects lost 0.1±0.2, 0.8±0.3, and 0.6±0.2 ㎏ in N21, H21, and H13, respectively (P<0.05). During exercise in all sessions, blood pressure was elevated for about 10 ㎜Hg than resting state, but not statistically significant. Minute ventilation was not changed within trials and between conditions (P>0.05). During H21 and H13, rectal, skin, and body temperature as well as heart rate were significantly higher than N21 (P<0.05). No differences were found between conditions in hemoglobin, plasma protein, plasma osmolality, and aldosterone, and blood electrolytes including, sodium, potassium, and chloride. However, blood lactate was significantly higher at 30 min of exercise in H13 than other two conditions (P<0.05) while no other marginal differences were noticed in metabolic parameters such as glucose, creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase. Based on the results, heat exposure resulted in marginal body temperature changes and body fluid loss, while did not induce any changes of metabolic responses. Hypoxic effect was evidence in H13 conditions showing anaerobic metabolism during exercise in heat while maintaining HDT.

인체 피부 열감각 능력과 운동 중 열에 대한 감각

이대택(Dae Taik Lee) 한국생활환경학회 2002 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.9 No.3

보행로 주변환경, 보행자 성별 및 연령, 보행 시 동반자 유무에 따른 도심공원 내 보행자의 걷기패턴 분석

이대택(Dae-Taek Lee),손지은(Jee-Eun Son),김지혁(Ji-Hyuk Kim) 한국생활환경학회 2008 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.15 No.4-1

The variant walking pattern of free walkers at inner city park walking trails which have different characteristics of infrastructure was examined, and the pattern was analyzed according to age groups, sex, and an existence of companion for walking. The three walking trails were selected; 1) a flat and straight trail along with a river stream without dead end (RW), 2) a flat circular trail along side of a lake (LW), and 3) a mixed slope trail within a park with irregular intersections (PW). A total of 658 free walkers were analyzed and divided into three groups by age; 1) young group (20-39 yrs old), 2) middle aged group (40-59 yrs old), and 3) old aged group (>60 yrs old), by sex, and by an existence of walking companion. The video was unnoticeably taped and the analyses were performed by Dart Fish program. Both walking speed and step length at PW was faster and longer, respectively, than two other trails in both men and women (P<0.05). The young and middle aged walkers showed variant responses at all three trails, but the infrastructure of park trail did not influence on walking pattern of old aged group. The free walkers were slower and showed shorter step length whey they walked with companions (P<0.05). Further studies are necessary regarding the walking pattern in case of walking with companions.

유소년 축수선수의 유산소능력 수준과 축구 특이성 평가 방법들의 타당성

이대택(Dae Taek Lee),이운용(Woon Yong Lee),박상규(Sang Kyu Park) 한국사회체육학회 2009 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.35

환경조건 변화와 경기력영양학

이대택 ( Lee¸ Dae-taek ) 대한운동사협회 2011 대한운동사협회 운동사대회자료집 Vol.2011 No.-

이 총론은 선수들이 훈련과 시합에게 경험할 수 있는 다양한 자연환경의 변화에 대응하여 영양적으로 어떻게 대응해야 하는 전략을 제시한다. 특히 더위와 추위 고지와 시차변화에서 나타날 수 있는 생리적 현상에 근거하여, 육체적 컨디션과 경기력이 어떻게 영향을 받을 수 있는지, 그에 따라 위축되는 선수들의 기량과 경기력을 어떻게 유지할 수 있는지를 영양학적 측면에서 모색하고 있다. 더위에서 체수분의 감소와 에너지원의 고갈 그리고 육체적 노력의 시간이 지속되면서 수분과 탄수화물을 어떻게 공급할 것인가에 대해 기술한다. 추위에서 추가적인 에너지소비 그리고 체수분의 감소에 대응한 전략을 제시한다. 고지와 시차변화에서도 체수분의 변화는 주요한 생리적 현상으로 이해되며 이를 방지하기 위한 방법과 전략을 제시하고 있다. The study reviews nutritional strategies for those who frequently encounter various environmental conditions during the training sessions and competitions and suggests strategies against the challenges. Based on the physiological responses during the exposure of heat, cold, altitude and/or time zone differences, this study examines the influence of the environmental conditions to physical conditions and athlete's performance. And nutritional aspect to maintain against reduced physical capacity and performance was also evaluated. Hypohydration and energy depletion during the exercise in heat were described and the interventions for supplying body fluid and carbohydrate during a prolonged exertion were introduced. Additional energy cost and dehydration to cold exposure was explained and appropriate strategies were suggested. Changes of body fluid balance during altitude exposure and time zone differences were common physiological responses and strategies for maintaining physical capacity were provided.

남녀 고령자의 건강관련 생활양태 비교

이대택 ( Dae Taek Lee ) 국민대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2004 스포츠科學硏究所論叢 Vol.22 No.-

더위에서 지구성 운동 후 척추 부위의 부분 냉각이 체온, 심박수 변이 및 혈류량에 미치는 영향

이대택(Dae-Taek Lee),이기광(Ki-kwang Lee),황봉연(Bong-Yeon Hwang) 한국생활환경학회 2013 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of spinal cord partial surface cooling on body temperature, heart rate variability and peripheral blood flow following endurance exercise in the heat and to examine whether this influence was the change of blood fatigue factors. Eleven healthy men participated and were randomly assigned to both normal recovery(NR) and cooling recovery(CR) following bicycle exercise. After 10 min of rest at supine position they exercised on a bicycle ergometer at 50 ~ 55% VO2max for 48(± 6) min in a hot environment(36 ~ 37℃). We measured core (Tc) and mean skin (Tsk) temperature, the heart rate variability indices[very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and LF/HF] and skin blood flow of toe at 10 min prior to bicycle exercise and every 5 min during 30 min of recovery. Two-way repeated ANOVA was performed to determine main effect (time, condition) and interactions (time × condition) for all dependent variables. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference in Tre, Tsk, and HRV indices between NR and CR. Blood flow increased until 30 min recovery in NR, and 15 min recovery afterward it was not increased anymore in CR. However, there was no statistical significance. Significant difference was only observed for lactate between NR and CR (p < .01). Prolactin were not significantly different between NR and CR. The spinal cord partial surface cooling was not effective in reducing body temperature and skin blood flow during recovery. There are no interaction in heart rate variability indices between conditions. It seems that changes of VLF power are related to the activation of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system than thermoregulation and skin blood flow during recovery.

국제신체활동량질문지(IPAQ)를 이용한 과체중 중년 주부들의 신체활동량 추정 및 신뢰도 평가

이대택(Dae-Taek Lee),서용석(Yong-Seok Seo),손윤선(Youn-Sun Son),문은미(Eun-Mi Moon),진유정(You-Jung Jin) 한국생활환경학회 2007 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.14 No.1

International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was evaluated to confirm whether the instrument could be adapted to Korean middle aged women. 203 women (48.l±10.5 yrs, 154.5±16.2 ㎝, 59.3±9.6 ㎏) responded to IPAQ translated as guided and it was re-administered I week after the first test. The test-retest physical activity level of this population were 4,599±6,161 and 4,444±5,825 MET-min/week, respectively (P>0.05). The test-retest correlation coefficient was highly significant as Kappa, 0.462; Spearman, 0.566; and Pearson, 0.562 (P<0.05). When three levels of physical activity pattern (inactive, minimally active, 'HEPA active' was analyzed, those who 'minimally active' and 'HEPA active' were heavily relied on the activity intensities of both 'walking' and 'vigorous intensity'. In conclusion, IPAQ was reliable for this population. However, the average physical activity level was higher and the standard deviation of the mean was also higher than previous reports. It may have to be careful to administer IPAQ for this particular population.

자동변속 유무에 따른 트레드밀에서의 간접열량측정법과 예측공식에 의한 운동에너지소비량 비교 연구

이대택 ( Dae Teak Lee ),이운용 ( Woon Yong Lee ),황봉연 ( Bong Yeon Hwang ),손윤선 ( Youn Sun Son ) 체육과학연구원 2009 체육과학연구 Vol.20 No.4

이 연구는 간접열량측정계로 측정된 에너지소비량(EE)과 예측공식으로 추정된 EE 수치를 비교하고, 걷기와 달리기를 병행하는 속도 변화가 있을 경우 예측공식이 EE의 변동을 반영할 수 있는지를 평가하기 위해 디자인되었다. 총 43명의 대학생이 세 그룹; 걷기 그룹(WOG; 남자 7, 여자 6, 25.1±5.6 yrs, 168.1±7.1 cm, 63.9±13.5 kg), 걷기와 달리기 그룹(WRG; 남자 7, 여자 7, 22.6±3.5 yrs, 169.0±7.3 cm, 63.0±11.3 kg), 달리기 그룹(ROG; 남자 8, 여자 8, 24.6±4.3 yrs, 170.1±7.2 cm, 64.5±12.0 kg)으로 나뉘어 두 번의 테스트에 참여하였다. Test-1에서 WOG, WRG, ROG 대상자들은 각각 자신의 VO2peak 의 45, 60, 75% 수준에서 사용자 민감성 자동 변속 트레드밀(Frevola(R))을 이용하여 걷거나 달리기 운동을 각각 30, 20, 20분 수행하였다. 대상자들은 각각 6.5±0.5, 7.7±0.9 and 9.1±1.7 km·h-1에서 편의적으로 가속과 감속을 반복하면서 걷거나 달리기 운동을 하였다. 이때 운동시간동안의 평균속도가 기록되었다. Test-2에서 대상자들은 Test-1에서 계산된 속도를 이용하여 일정하게 고정된 속도에서 운동하였다. 두 테스트에서 산소섭취량(in ml·kg-1·min-1)이 측정되었고 EE(in kcal·min-1)가 환산되었다. 6개의 자주 사용되는 예측공식을 이용하여; ACSM guidelines (2006), van der Walt (1973), Leger (1984), Pandolf (1977), Epstein (1987), and Physical Activity Compendium (2000), EE가 추정되었다. 측정치와 추정치들은 상호 비교되었으며 상관관계가 평가되었다. 종합적으로, 일정한 속도로 이동한다는 것을 가정한다면 걷기 또는 저강도 운동에서는 van der Walt 공식, 달리기 또는 중등강도 이상에서의 운동에서는 ACSM 공식과 Epstein 공식이 적합해 보인다. 걷기와 달리기를 병행하거나 속도의 변화가 나타나는 경우 위 세 공식에서 ACSM 공식은 이를 반영하지 못하는 것으로 보인다. Compendium은 EE와 높은 상관계수를 보였음에도 모든 운동 강도에서 하향추정 경향이 뚜렷하였다. This study was designed 1) to compare energy expenditure (EE) measured by indirect calorimetry to EE calculated by popular prediction equations and 2) to examine the variability of EE estimated by equations when walking and running coexisted. A total of 43 college men and women was recruited and divided into three groups; Walking Only Group (WOG, 7 men, 6 women, 25.1±5.6 yrs, 168.1±7.1 cm, 63.9±13.5 kg), Walking and Running Group (WRG, 7 men, 7 women, 22.6±3.5 yrs, 169.0±7.3 cm, 63.0±11.3 kg), and Running Only Group (ROG, 8 men, 8 women, 24.6±4.3 yrs, 170.1±7.2 cm, 64.5±12.0 kg). In Test-1, subjects exercised on Frevola(R) at intensity of 45, 60, and 75% of VO2peak for WOG, WRG, and ROG for 30, 20, and 20 min, respectively. They either walked or ran at 6.5±0.5, 7.7±0.9 and 9.1±1.7 km·h-1 while spontaneously changing speed. And the individual variable speed was recorded. In Test-2, they exercised at a fixed speed matching to Test-1. During both testings, oxygen uptake was measured in ml·kg-1·min-1 and EE in kcal·min-1 was calculated. In addition, EE was predicted using 6 popular equations of ACSM guidelines (2006), van der Walt (1973), Leger (1984), Pandolf (1977), Epstein (1987), and Physical Activity Compendium (2000). The measured and predicted values were compared and relationships were evaluated. Collectively, during walking or at low intensity, van der Walt equation was, and during running or at moderate and higher intensity, ACSM and Epstein equations were highly predictable for estimating EE during exercise at a fixed speed. However, among these three equations, ACSM equation did not reflect speed variations such that walking and running coexisted. Compendium was highy correlated but marginally underestimated the EE.

1947년 대한올림픽위원회 예비인준과 브런디지의 역할

이대택 ( Dae-taek Lee ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2018 체육과학연구 Vol.29 No.2

[목적] 대한올림픽위원회(KOC)의 국제올림픽위원회(IOC) 인준은 1947년 6월 20일로 알려져 있다. 이는 1947년 6월 스톡홀름에서 열린 IOC 총회에서 한국의 국가올림픽위원회(NOC)가 인준되었다는 것을 근거로 한다. 그러나 현존하는 사료들은 인준과 그에 따른 조건 등이 알려진 바와 다른 방식으로 설명하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 KOC가 1947년 어떠한 방식으로 예비인준 되었고, 그 조건이 무엇이었으며, 관련 사안과 연계된 브런디지의 역할이 무엇이었는지를 규명하고 설명하는 것이다. [방법] 연구방법은 문헌연구이다. 연구대상 자료는 브런디지 컬렉션과 IOC 올림픽연구센터(Olympic Studies Center: OSC)가 소장한 아카이브 중 KOC의 인준과 관련한 자료를 검토하였다. [결과] 이 자료들에 의하면 KOC는 예비인준된 것이며, 예비는 한반도에서의 정부수립과 북한을 포함하여 수행되어야 하는 NOC로의 책임을 전제로 하였다. 한국 NOC의 불충분한 평가 환경에서도 인준이 가능했던 것은 브런디지의 역할과 판단이었던 것으로 보인다. [결론] 1947년 KOC의 인준과정과 조건은 KOC 역사가 새롭게 기술될 필요성을 제안한다. 또한 IOC는 KOC를 인준하면서 한반도가 한 국가이며 이를 전제로 인준하였고 북한을 포함하여 임무를 수행할 것을 요구했다. 브런디지의 역할은 재조명되어야 할 것이다. [Purpose] It has been known that Korean Olympic Committee (KOC) was recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on June 20th of 1947, based on the fact that Korea National Olympic Committee (NOC) was recognized by the IOC session held in June of 1947. However, records and archives show that the recognition and the following conditions were somewhat different than what we have known. This study aimed to examine closely and explain how KOC was recognized in 1947, what was the conditions, and what was the role of Avery Brundage related to this agenda. [Methods] This study is a literature review. Brundage Collection, a package of records and letters which Avery Brundage has collected, and the archives of KOC in IOC Olympic Studies Center were examined. [Results] According to the records, Korean NOC was recognized provisionally with a condition of reviewing the situation of an independent nation and responsible for including the North Korean athletes. The unusual recognition appeared to be possible by the role and decision of Avery Brundage who defended the political and military situation of Korean peninsula. [Conclusions] The reviewed documents suggest a need of revision of KOC history as that KOC has been provisionally recognized in 1947 with some conditions. IOC viewed and recognized Korea as a single country and required KOC to include North Korean athletes. The role of Brundage should be revisited.