연안의 효율적 수질관리 방향과 해양환경영향평가

이대인,엄기혁,김귀영,홍석진,이원찬,장주형,Lee, Dae-In,Eom, Ki-Hyuk,Kim, Gui-Young,Hong, Sok-Jin,Lee, Won-Chan,Jang, Ju-Hyoung 해양환경안전학회 2008 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 연안의 수질개선과 오염제어의 관점에서 효율적인 수질관리의 원리와 기법, 연안오염총량관리제 및 선진사례를 검토하였고, 현재 오염총량 산정시 나타나는 문제점 및 개선사항을 지적하였다. 또한, 오염총량제와 환경용량과의 관계, 해양환경 예측 모델로 활용되고 있는 생태계모델의 연구접근에서 중점적으로 검토해야 하는 사항을 토의하고, 나아가서 연안수질 관련 제도와 정책에서 반영하고 흡수해야 할 수질관리 내용과 개선방안을 제시하였다. 연안오염총량제의 대상이 되는 연안에서는 환경영향평가와 사전환경성검토에서 해당하는 개발사업이나 계획 중 신규 오염원에 대해서는 오염부하삭감량과 할당량을 산정해서 평가서에 구체적으로 제시할 필요가 있고, 연안관리지역계획에서는 환경관리계획에 좀 더 중심을 옮겨 기본적으로 관할 해역으로 유입하는 오염원과 오염부하량 자료를 구축할 필요가 있다. 특별관리해역 등 향후 연안오염총량제 적용대상이 되는 지자체에서는 하수도관리계획 등 도시계획을 수립할 때 이러할 점을 고려해서 장기적이고 일관성있는 하수도정책이 수립되어야 할 것이다. 연안오염총량제도는 다른 환경관리해역으로 점진적으로 확대 시행되어야 할 것이로, 그 외의 지역은 지자체장이 주부장관과의 협의를 통해 자발적으로 시행하고 인센티브를 주는 것도 검토해야 할 것이다. 해역의 수질개선을 위해서는 생태계모델링에 의한 환경용량(수질적 차원의 총허용오염부하량) 산정이 필수적이며, 이와 관련한 적용모델의 신뢰성과 과학적 타당성 확보는 환경영향평가 관련 협의시 매우 중요한 검토항목으로 고려되고 있다 연안 육역에 존재하는 오염원에 대해서는 연안환경을 관리하는 주무부처가 주도적으로 감시 감독하고 관리체제에 환한 법적 거를 마련하거나 관련 법률을 정비해서 통합 운영해야 할 것으로 사료되었다. This study examined principles and techniques of efficient water quality management as well as total coastal pollutant loads and the relevant examples in the advanced countries from the viewpoints of water quality improvement and pollution control in coastal areas. The problems and improvements in an estimation of the current total pollutant loads were also pointed out. In addition, discussion was made on the relationship between total pollutant loads and environmental capacity as well as particulars requiring extensive examination on access to and study on water quality model used as prediction tool for marine environment. Furthermore, this study proposed details of and improvement plans for water quality control to be reflected and absorbed into systems and policies related to coastal water quality. In coastal areas, which are subject to total coastal pollutant loads, it is necessary to calculate pollutant loads reduction and allocation, to propose them in detail in statement in relations to new pollution sources for the corresponding projects or plans in environmental impact assessment and prior environmental review system. Also, in relations to regional plans for coastal management, the local government concerned must focus more on environmental management plan to implement data on pollution sources and pollutant loads flown into sea areas under basic jurisdiction, therefore it is required to actively respond to expansion and introduction of total coastal pollutant loads system in the future. Total coastal pollutant loads system must be expanded and executed by considering characteristics of sea area and changes in the environment of land. For pollution sources in land, the competent authorities in charge of coastal environment will need to initiatively administer supervision, monitoring activities and achieve integration and operation of the related laws by preparing legal bases for management system or adjusting the related laws.

아동복지시설 아동의 사회적 기술 향상을 위한 집단상담 프로그램 개발 및 효과검증

이대규,변상해,문인숙,정의정,Lee, Dae-Gyu,Byun, Sang-Hae,Moon, In-Sook,Jeong, Eui-Jeong 한국벤처창업학회 2010 벤처창업연구 Vol.5 No.1

The purpose of this study is to develop and to verify an effect of a group counselling program for children who are in need of improving social skills and relationships. In order to meet this goal, the study procedure was employed as follows: First, the literature review of studies on childrens in social welfare institutions was implemented. Second, to analyze need of staffs in facilities and to specify the present condition of children, 100 staffs were participated in basic investigation. The result of investigation revealed that social skill development programs should be held in form of total 11~12 sessions once or twice in a week, with 50~60 minutes per session. Third, based on the literature review and current situation investigation results, a program for improving social skills and competencies of children was developed. To verify the program, two groups composed of elementary children who are fourth grade to sixth grade were organized. The groups were a experimental group which was provided with a group counselling program and a control group with no program. The program was composed of twelve sessions throughout six weeks, and the subjects took social skill test after taking the program to verify educational effects. T-test were implemented to analyze difference of the test results of two groups statistically. As a result of a research, following major two findings were specified: (1) experimental group showed significant difference in the score of self-assertion, cooperation, and self-control, which indicates that the program was effective for social skill improvement: (2) according to the test result, the self-assertion, cooperation, and self-control skills were clearly improved. In conclusion, the program turned out to be an effective and a positive educational device to enhance social skills of the children. The program developing model were suggested to improve social skills of children in the state of family devision based on the study findings. The follow-up future studies should elaborate program models for various-aged children and for children with various learning styles. Furthermore, qualitative study method should be employed which can specify social attitude change of children.

남해 여자만의 조석 및 잔차류 모델링

이대인(Dae In Lee),최정민(Jeong Min Choi),이문옥(Moon Ock Lee),이연규(Yeon Gyu Lee),김종규(Jong Kyu Kim) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2006 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.15 No.1

This study simulated flow field of marine environment in Yeoja Bay of the South Sea, Korea. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model with the fine grid was applied to simulate the barotropic tides, tidal currents, residual currents and salinity dispersions. Data inputs include hydrography, mean wind and land-based freshwater input, and tides. The model reproduced well the tidal currents distribution. The tidal residual current was relatively strong around mouth of Yeoja Bay with narrow channel, and many clockwise and anti-clockwise circulation due to depth and topographical characteristics in the study area were formed. The current had a maximum speed of 40 cm/s in the vicinity of the channel. The model showd that summer prevailing wind(SSW 3.6 m/s) somewhat increases north-eastward current and velocity, especially outer regions of Yeoja Bay. It was estimated that dispersions of low-saline water by freshwater discharge was very influence on the water quality, material fluxes and residence time of bay.

정상 지능의 경도 외상성 뇌손상 환자에서 실행기능 장애 및 K-WAIS 점수들과의 관련성

이대보,윤인선,김선경,노승호,박민철,이상열,Lee, Dae-Bo,Yoon, In-Seon,Kim, Seon-Kyung,Rho, Seung-Ho,Park, Min-Cheol,Lee, Sang-Yeol 한국정신신체의학회 2012 정신신체의학 Vol.20 No.1

연구목적 : 본 연구는 경도 외상성 뇌손상(Mild traumatic brain injury, MTBI) 환자 중에서 일반지능이 정상수준에 있는 환자들을 대상으로 실행기능의 결손 정도를 알아보고, 이들의 한국판 웩슬러 성인용 지능검사(K-WAIS) 결과를 비교하여 K-WAIS 점수들과 실행기능과의 상관관계를 알아보고자 한다. 방 법 : 2005년 3월부터 2010년 12월까지 원광대학교병원과 군산의료원에서 치료받은 경도 외상성 뇌손상 환자들 중에서 K-WAIS 검사를 통해 정상 범위의 일반지능 수준을 갖는 59명의 환자들을 대상으로 관리지능검사(Executive Intelligence Test, EXIT)를 시행하였고 관리지능지수(executive intelligence quotient, EIQ)에 의해 두 집단을 나누었다. 결 과 : 전체 피험자를 분류한 결과 50.8%의 환자들이 EIQ 저하 집단에 포함되었다. 대상 집단의 K-WAIS 검사 특징은 전체지능과 동작성지능에서 낮은 점수를 보였으며 소검사 항목에서는 차례맞추기, 바꿔쓰기, 숫자외우기, 토막짜기, 모양맞추기, 이해문제 항목에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 효과크기의 비교에서는 차례맞추기가 가장 컸으며 이후 바꿔쓰기, 토막짜기, 모양맞추기 순서였다. K-WAIS 소검사와 관리지능지수 결과와의 관련성 검사에서는 전체지능과 동작성지능이 정적 상관을 갖는 것으로 나타났고, 소검사 항목에서는 차례맞추기, 바꿔쓰기, 숫자외우기, 토막짜기, 모양맞추기, 이해문제가 정적 상관을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 정상 범위의 지능을 갖는 MTBI 환자들에서 관리지능지수가 정상하 수준 이하의 환자들의 빈도는 매우 높았으며, K-WAIS 검사 중 전체지능과 동작성지능이, 소검사 중에서는 차례맞추기, 바꿔쓰기, 숫자외우기, 토막짜기, 모양맞추기, 이해문제 항목의 결과가 특징적으로 관련되어 있을 것을 시사한다. Objectives : This study examined the selective deficits of executive function in patients with mild traumatic brain injury that in normal range of general intelligence level and aimed to analysis of the correlation between K-WAIS result and executive function. Methods : 59 subjects were included in this study, who were diagnosed as mild traumatic brain injury(MTBI) and they have visited in neuropsychiatric department of Wonkwang University Hospital during from March, 2005 to September, 2010. For measurement of general intelligence quotient, the Korean-Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale(K-WAIS) was administered and for measurement of executive intelligence quotient(EIQ), Executive Intelligence Test(EXIT) was administered. Results : Of patients, 50.8% included at abnormal EIQ group. The patients of abnormal EIQ showed poorer full scale IQ(FIQ), performance IQ(PIQ) and in subscale that picture arrangement, digit symbol, digit span, block design, object assembly and comprehension were significantly different. In terms of relationships between K-WAIS and EIQ, FIQ and PIQ have positive correlation with EIQ. And in subscale, picture arrangement, digit symbol, digit span, block design, object assembly and comprehension show positive correlation with EIQ. Conclusion : This study suggest that MTBI patients with have normal range of general intelligence level may have deficit of executive function is common. The decline of FIQ, PIQ and some subscales of K-WAIS may suggest executive dysfunction in MTBI patients.

뇌혈관 질환의 진단에서 Conventional 2D, 3D DSA와 4D DSA의 비교에 관한 연구

이대로(LEE dae ro),이훈민(LEE hoon min),김영진(KIM young jin),최인호(CHOI in ho),채수영(CHEA soo young),박계연(PARK gye yeon) 대한인터벤션영상기술학회 2018 대한인터벤션영상기술학회지 Vol.21 No.1

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌혈관 질환의 진단 및 치료 계획 수립에 있어 병변 부위의 형태와 공간적인 표현 정도를 2D, 3D DSA(Digital subtraction angiography)와 4D DSA(Time-resolved 3D rotation angiography)로 평가하여 진단 정보의 유용성을 비교하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 검사 장비는 본원에서 사용 중인 Siemens 사의 Artis ZEE biplane과 Syngo X workstation, Infinity PACS를 사용하였다. 검사 대상으로 2017년 5월부터 2018년 3월 까지 시행한 뇌동정맥 기형(Arteriovenous malformation; AVM), 경막동정맥루(Dural arteriovenous fistula; dAVF), Superficial temporal artery to Middle cerebral artery 혈관 우회 수술(STA-MCA bypass) 후 추적 검사 환자 24명 (남자:11명, 여자:13명 평균나이 44세)으로 하였다. 환자는 2D DSA와 4D DSA를 이용하여 영상을 획득하였고 4D DSA영상을 재구성하여 3D 영상으로 만들고, 본원의 영상의학과 신경중재시술 전문의 1명과 신경중재시술 경력 10년 이상의 방사선사 1명이 평가하였다. 실험의 유의성 평가를 위해 SPSS(v25)의 정규성 검정과 비모수 검정을 실시하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 뇌혈관 질환의 진단적 정보는 2D, 3D DSA검사의 평균이 4D DSA검사 보다 높게 나타났지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. (p>.588) 결론 : 본 연구에서 2D, 3D DSA 검사와 4D DSA 검사의 진단적 정보는 대체로 동일 하다고 나타났다. 혈관이 복잡하게 겹치거나 혈관으로 빠르게 조영제가 주입되면 2D, 3D DSA는 시각화 하기 어렵기 때문에 여러 각도에서 검사를 해야 한다. 4D DSA는 시간적 정보를 모든 각도에서 제공하기 때문에 이러한 문제의 해결책으로 사용할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphology and vascular architecture of the lesion site in the diagnosis and treatment planning of cerebrovascular disease by 2D, 3D DSA (Digital subtraction angiography) and 4D DSA (Time-resolved 3D rotation angiography) And to compare their usefulness. Subjects and Methods : The test equipment was the Siemens Artis ZEE biplane, Syngo X workstation, and Infinity PACS. Twenty-four patients were involved in this study from May, 2017 to March, 2018. The patients were 24 patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation, dural arteriovenous fistula, and superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass graft Follow-up. They had an Angiographic exploration with both 4D DSA and 2D DSA. 4D DSA images were reconstructed into 3D images. One radiologist and two radiological technologists with at least 10 years of experience in nerve intervention were evaluated. In order to evaluate the significance of the experiment, the SPSS v25 correspondence Normality test and Non-parametric statistical test were performed. Result : Diagnostic data of cerebrovascular disease showed that the mean of 2D and 3D DSA was higher than 4D DSA test, but there was no statistically significant difference. (p>.588) Conclusion : In this study, 4D DSA reconstructions was largely equivalent to that of the combined 2D, 3D DSA studies.

광양만유역 점오염원의 오염부하량과 시간변동 특성

이대인(Dae In LEE),조현서(Hyeon Seo CHO),조천래(Chon Rae CHO),이정훈(Jeong Hoon LEE),강조해(Jo Hae KANG),최민호(Min Ho CHOI),김도희(Do Hee KIM),윤진숙(Jin Suk YOON) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2004 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.13 No.-

Temporal and spatial characteristics of pollutant loads from the various pollution sources in Kwangyang Bay were evaluated. Total discharging loadings of BOD, TN, and TP by unit loading estimation were 11,524 ㎏/day, 11,536 ㎏/day, and 827 ㎏/day, respectively, and were mainly affected by the industrial and population sources. The Yeosu and Kwangyang cities as administrative district had the highest pollutant loads. Flow rate ranges from about 30-4,406,400 ㎥/day in December to 240-35,337,600 ㎥/day in August with a flow rate of PS27 (the Seomjin River) as the highest one. Total COD, TN, and TP loadings in August were about 89,915 ㎏/day, 2,077,845 ㎏/day, and 50,123 ㎏/day, respectively, which exceeded those of December. Especially, of input sources, the Seomjin river had the most pollutant loads. Wastewater discharging loads from the water treatment facilities was the greatest contributors to pollutant loads in the inner part of Kwangyang Bay. Point sources located in south-western part of the bay showed high concentration in heavy metals distribution. Seasonal variations of pollutant loads were related to the changes of flow rate, those were increased rapidly on August, 2004. For the improvement of water quality in this area, pollutant loads were reduced within the limits of the environmental capacity.

복강경 위절제술과 개복 위절제술을 유사한 시기에 수술자로서 경험한 외과 전문의의 수술 결과 및 생존율

이대상 ( Dae Sang Lee ),이승수 ( Seung Soo Lee ),류승완 ( Seung Wan Ryu ),김인호 ( In Ho Kim ),손수상 ( Soo Sang Sohn ) 대한임상종양학회 2011 Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol.7 No.1

목적: 지금까지 복강경 위절제술과 개복 위절제술을 비교한 연구들은 개복 위절제술의 경험이 풍부한 상태에서 복강경 위절제술을 시작한 수술자에 대한 보고이거나, 수술자의 경험에 대한 언급이 없는 경우가 많았다. 본 연구에서는 개복 위절제술과 복강경 위절제술을 유사한 시기에 시작한 한 수술자에서, 각각에 대한 수술 성적을 확인했다. 대상 및 방법: 본원의 한 외과의는 2004년부터 위암환자의 복강경 보조 원위부 위절제술 및 개복 원위부 위아전절제술을 수술자로서 경험했다. 2004년부터 2009년까지 조기위암으로 복강경보조 원위부 위절제술을 받은 환자(LADG군)와 개복 원위부 위아전절제술을 받은 환자(ODG군)는 각각 160명과 76명 이었으며, 이들 두군간의 임상병리학적 특징, 수술 결과, 생존율을 분석했다. 결과: LADG군과 ODG군의 수술시간은 각각 250.6 ± 63.5분과 173.0 ± 45.8분이었으며(p<0.001), 출혈양은 각각 77.8 ± 135.0mL와 254.4 ± 158.1mL이었다(p<0.001). 절제된 림프절수는 LADG군은 49.0 ± 17.3개, ODG군은 60.2 ± 24.2개로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). 합병증은 LADG군과 ODG군에서 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 생존율은 각각 93.3%와 93.7%로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 개복 위절제술과 복강경 위절제술을 비슷한 시기에 수술자로서 경험한 외과의의 각각에 대한 수술 결과, 및 생존율은 다른 보고와 유사하였다. 개복 위절제술의 상대적으로 적은 경험때문에 복강경 위절제술을 주저할 필요는 없겠다. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and prognosis after laparoscopy assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) and open distal subtotal gastrectomy (ODG) by a surgeon who started his role as an operator for LADG and ODG contemporaneously. Materials and Methods: A surgeon started his role as an operator for LADG and ODG in late 2004 around the same time. Between September 2004 and August 2009, 236 patients with early gastric cancer underwent LADG (n = 160) or ODG (n = 76). The clinicopathological characteristics, surgical outcomes and survival were analyzed from the review of medical records. Result: The operation time was significantly longer in LADG group (p<0.001), and the amount of surgical bleeding was significantly smaller in LADG group (p<0.001). The numbers of retrieved lymph nodes were 49.0 °æ 17.3 in LADG group and 60.2 °æ 24.2 in ODG group (p<0.001). The rates of complications were not significantly different between two groups. Five-year overall survival of LADG group and ODG group were 93.3% and 93.7% respectively(p=0.665). Conclusion: For a surgeon who started the role as an operator for LADG and ODG contemporaneously, performing LADG was feasible and safe. The high level of expertise in ODG as an operator may not be an essential requirement for surgeons to start LADG.

진해만 서부해역의 하계 환경특성 연구 -수질 및 저질의 공간적 변동-

이대인 ( Lee Dae In ),조현서 ( Jo Hyeon Seo ),이문옥 ( Lee Mun Og ) 한국물환경학회 2003 한국물환경학회지 Vol.19 No.6

A study on the pollution level and spatial characteristics of water quality and sediment environment of the western Chinhae Bay in summer that is famous for shellfish culture grounds was carried out August 1999. Dissolved oxygen was hypersaturated at surface layer resulting from photosynthesis by phytoplankton, but oxygen deficiency or anoxic water mass by bulk decomposion of organic matters appeared at bottom layer. Chemical oxygen demand exceeded seawater quality criteria Ⅱ, and dissolved form was dominated in organic carbon, Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in surface layer were relatively low compared to the bottom layer due to uptake of phytoplankton. By Redfield ratio, the limiting factor for algal growth was nitrogen. The range of Chl. a was 4.83-24.94㎎/㎡. The Chl. a in inner bay and the west part of Kajodo represented very high valures that exceeded possibility concentration of red tide outbreak. H₂S and COD values in sediment were very hi9호. This means that sediment was severely poluted by organic matters. In summary, the organic matters caused by aquatic organisms in water column exist in abundance, which increase nutrients by remineralization of sinking organics. Dissolved oxygen is rapidly consumed, and ultimately sediment environment is getting worse. This situation is more serious in the west part of Kajodo. For water quality management, effective countermeasures such as appropriate aquaculture density by estimation of carrying capacity and reduction of pollutants from polluted sediment are necessary.

마산만의 허용오염부하량 산정을 위한 생태계모델링

이대인 ( Lee Dae In ),박청길 ( Park Cheong Gil ) 한국물환경학회 2003 한국물환경학회지 Vol.19 No.5

The objective of this paper is to estimate the reduction rate of pollutant loads from pollution sources using the three dimensional eco-hydrodynamic model for effective water quality management of Masan Bay that was designated as a special management area. COD distribution of the bay was mostly over 3㎎/L. this value exceeded the seawater quality criteria Ⅲ. Total loads of COD, DIN and DIP from point sources were 15.532.5, 11,107.6 and 440.9㎏/day. respectively. A pattern of simulated residual current was dominated by southward flow at surface level. The calculated results by ecological modeling were in fairly good agreement with the observed values. It was evaluated that reduction of total polutant loads from point sources by over 60% is required in order to keep the level below 3 ㎎/L in COD which is the aiming seawater quality criteria of Masan Bay.

해창만의 수질환경변동 및 담수방류의 영향평가

이대인 ( Lee Dae In ),조현서 ( Jo Hyeon Seo ),이문옥 ( Lee Mun Og ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2003 환경영향평가 Vol.12 No.5

Seasonal characteristics of water quality and effect of the freshwater discharge during open the tide embankment in Haechang Bay were evaluated. In the freshwater, where interior of the tide embankment, COD and Chl-a exceeded about 4㎎/L and 10㎎/㎥, respectively, independent of season, while in the seawater they showed high values in April and July in contrast to the other period due to input of freshwater and increase of phytoplankton, reswvely. The content of seawater inorganic nitrogen maintained a relatively high level at inner part of the bay, whereas high values of inorganic phosphorus content was distributed at all over the bay. The limiting factor for algal growth was nitrogen with respect to the N/P ratio. The compass of influence by the freshwater discharge in April was quite different with water pollutants. As a result of the salinity variation with time, the freshwater extended strongly to offshore from the surface layer without mixing with depth when open the tide embankment, and reached within about one hour at a station which is 3.5km from the tide embankment. To effective water quality management of Haechang Bay, discharge rate and pollutant loads should be controlled.