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李京哲,宋在漢 동아시아고대학회 2014 동아시아고대학 Vol.0 No.36
일본의 常用漢字 중에서 通攝韻에 해당하는 153字 172音을 대상으로, 이를 吳․漢 音 동형, 吳音, 漢音, 唐音, 慣用音으로 분류한 결과 다음과 같이 분류할 수 있었다. 1) 通攝韻에 해당하는 153字 172音 중에서 吳․漢音 동형이 46音, 漢音이 64音, 吳音이 53音, 慣用音이 9音이라는 분포를 보이고 있다. 이는 李京哲(2013a, 2013b) 와 李京哲․河素偵(2014)에서의 결과와 크게 다르지 않으며, 漢音의 비율이 吳音에 비해 압도적으로 많지는 않다는 결과를 보인다. 2) 開口1等 東韻은 漢音에서는 일괄적으로 -ou/-oku형으로 출현하지만, 吳音에 서는 -ou/-oku형 이외에 -u형․-uu형이 출현하기 때문에 -ou/-oku형에 대해서는 吳音資料를 통해 일일이 확인 작업을 거쳐야 한다. 常用漢字․人名用漢字の漢音․ 吳音對照表(1996)와 많은 漢和辭典에서 [同洞銅胴童瞳動(定d)] 등의 [ドウ]를 慣用 音으로 분류하고 있는데, 이는 陽聲字의 -u형․-uu형만을 吳音으로 인정하고 -ou 형을 吳音으로 인정하지 않았기 때문에 생긴 오류로, -ou형 역시 吳音의 자음형으 로 인정해야 한다. 3) 開口3等 東韻 乙類의 [スウ崇(牀ʤ)]를 佐々木勇(2009b:207)는 漢音의 자음형 으로 인정하고 있으며, 常用漢字․人名用漢字の漢音․吳音對照表(1996)에서는 吳 音으로 분류하고 있는데, 漢音形이라면 [シウ>シュウ]로 나타나야 할 것이다. 이 [スウ崇(牀ʤ)]는 漢音의 [シウ]에서 サ行子音의 口蓋性으로 인한 直拗의 混同으로 출현한 형태라고 볼 수 있다. 4) 開口3等 東韻 甲類의 [シュ․シュウ衆(照tɕ)]는 [シュ]와 [シュウ]가 吳音과 漢音을 구별하는 명확한 기준이 될 수 있는 사항은 아니지만, 吳音이 漢音보다 오 래된 자료가 많고, 역사적으로 오래된 資料에 [シュ]表記가 우세하다는 점으로 인 해, [シュ]를 吳音으로, [シウ>シュウ]를 漢音으로 분류하였다. 5) 合口3等 鍾韻 甲類의 [ロク緑録(來l)]와 [リョク緑(來l)]처럼 來母字에 直音形의 [ロク]와 拗音形의 [リョク]라는 두 가지 자음형이 공존하는데, 시기가 오래된 자료 일수록 拗音形의 미정착으로 인한 直音形의 표기가 출현하며, 주로 吳音資料에서의 출현빈도가 높기 때문에 [ロク]는 吳音으로, [リョク]는 漢音으로 분류하였다. This paper presents a classification of the sounds corresponding to the usual Sino-Japanese characters (2010) into the five types of Go’on, Kan’on, Go’on & Kan’on, To’on, Kan’yo’on, concentrating mainly on the 172 sounds and 153 characters in the groups of Tong (通). 1) As a result of the researh this paper reports on, the 172 sounds in the groups of Tong (通) are seen to contain 64 sounds of Kan'on, 53 sounds of Go'on, 64 sounds of both Go'on and Kan'on, and 9 sounds of Kan'yo'on. The important next step is to classify all the sounds in the group of Tong (通). 2) The rhyme Dong (東) appears as the -ou/-oku type in the Sino-Japanese Kan’on. However, it appears as not only the -ou/-oku type but also the -(u)u type in the Sino-Japanese Go’on. Dou (ドウ) of Dong (同洞銅胴童瞳動) is classified as a Kan’yo’on (慣用音) in Chinese-Japanese Dictionaries because they provide only the -(u)u type as the Sino-Japanese Go’on. Nevertheless, the Dou (ドウ) of Dong (同洞銅胴童瞳動) must be classified as a Go’on-type reading. 3) Suu (崇) is classified as a Sino-Japanese Kan’on by Sasaki (2009b:207), but it is classified as a Sino-Japanese Go’on by Sato (1996). However, Suu (スウ) developed from the Sino-Japanese Kan’on Siu (シウ) because of the palatalized s(サ行) in Japanese. 4) Shu (シュ) and Shuu (シュウ) in the rhyme Dong (東) that contained [i] cannot be the standard of distinguishing the Sino-Japanese Go’on and Kan’on. Nevertheless, Shu (シュ) can be classified as a Go’on and Shuu (シュウ) can be classified as a Kan’on in the same Chinese character because Shu (シュ) occurs in old texts. 5) Roku (ロク) and Ryoku (リョク) in the rhyme Zhong(鍾) that contained [wi] cannot be the standard of distinguishing the Sino-Japanese Go’on and Kan’on. Nevertheless, Roku (ロク) can be classified as a Go’on and Ryoku (リョク) can be classified as a Kan’on in the same Chinese character because Roku (ロク) occurs in old texts.
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Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Primary and Secondary Paranasal Mucoceles
이경철,이남훈 연세대학교의과대학 2010 Yonsei medical journal Vol.51 No.5
Purpose: Paranasal sinus mucocele is a benign, expansile mass which can occur as a result of trauma or spontaneous obstruction of a sinus tract. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the clinical characteristics of primary mucoceles occurring in patients with no previous sinus surgery history or known cause of mucoceles and secondary mucoceles resulting as a complication following endoscopic sinus surgery or the Caldwell-Luc operation. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 33 cases of primary mucoceles and 60 cases of secondary mucoceles which were diagnosed and surgically corrected between 1996 and 2008. Results: The most common presenting symptoms in primary mucoceles were nasal obstruction (19.4%) and rhinorrhea (17.7%). In secondary mucoceles, the most common symptoms were cheek pain (31.7%) and nasal obstruction (18.3%). The most common origins of primary mucoceles were the ethmoid sinus (45.5%) and the maxillary sinus (18.2%). In secondary mucoceles, the maxillary sinus was the most common site (86%), followed by the ethmoid sinus (7.1%). All patients with secondary mucoceles had a history of sinus surgery. Conclusion: The maxillary sinus was the most common site of secondary mucoceles while the ethmoid sinus was the most common origin of primary mucoceles. Cases of secondary mucoceles that occurred following sinus endoscopic surgery developed more frequently in the ethmoid sinus than in those following the Caldwell-Luc procedure, therefore, we suggest that the incidence of maxillary sinus mucoceles in the Asian population would decrease as the rate of endoscopic sinus surgery increases.
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이경철,김하선,한상균,이경민,Lee,K.C.,Kim,H.S.,Han,S.K.,Lee,K.M. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2017 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.19 No.1
This study was conducted to investigate of growth performances and net assimilation rate(NAR) of Allium microdictyon Prokh. distributed inland and Allium ochotense Prokh. originated Ulleung-do. The Allium microdictyon on the growth of 1-2 years showed the largest relative growth rate, and showed high relative growth from three to four years. Allium ochotense on the growth from one year to three years showed high relative growth rate. The T/R rate of Allium ochotense of 2~5years was in the range of 0.4~0.5. However, The T/R rate of Allium microdictyon was increased as increasing with age. This implies that Allium microdictyon was consumed more energy on growing subterranean part. The LWR of 1~3years old Allium ochotense. was showed more smaller than 4~5years old. It seems that the growth characteristics of Allium ochotense 1-3 years after sowing the leaf growth consume more energy than Allium microdictyon. Net assimilation rate(NAR) of Allium ochotense for 1-3 years after sowing was higher than that of Allium microdictyon. In this time, the material of Allium ochotense has a higher production efficiency can be seen indirectly.
KCI
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