한국인 여성에서 노화에 따른 초역치 미각강도의 변화

윤상철,허윤경,최재갑,Yoon, Sang-Chul,Hur, Yun-Kyung,Choi, Jae-Kap 대한안면통증구강내과학회 2007 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.32 No.4

The aim of this study was to measure the suprathreshold taste intensity for NaCl, sucrose, citric acid, and quinine HCl in elderly Korean women using a whole-mouth, sip-and-spit procedure, employing the method of magnitude matching. The results were analysed in terms of aging, menopause, and salivary flow rate. 31 elderly women (mean age; $50.8{\pm}5.1$ years) and 30 young women (mean age; $25.1{\pm}1.71$ years) were included for the study. Subjects were instructed to give nonmodulus magnitude estimates to the intensities of five concentrations each of sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine HCl; distilled water; 6 loudness level of a 1,000-Hz tone, using the same 9-point intensity scale. Each of the 21 taste stimuli and 6 auditory stimuli are presented in random order twice. The auditory function is used to assess the absolute intensity function of the subject's taste system. The results were as follows; 1. Comparing to young women, elderly women showed decreased taste intensities for lower concentration solutions of NaCl and sucrose. However, other solutions didn't show any difference in taste intensities between young and elderly women. 2. There were not significant difference in perceived taste intensities for NaCl, sucrose, citric acid, and quinine HCl between menopause and pre-menopause women in elderly women group. 3. There were not significant difference in perceived taste intensities for NaCl, sucrose, and quinine HCl between low salivation women and high salivation women in elderly women group. 4. The low salivation women in elderly group showed higher taste intensity for low concentration citric acid than high salivation women.

당뇨황반부종의 빛간섭단층촬영 분류에 따른 트리암시놀론 안내주입술의 효과

윤상철,이대영,남동흔,Sang Chul Yoon,Dae Young Lee,Dong Heun Nam 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.10

Purpose: To determine the preoperative factors of different types of diabetic macular edema (DME) classified using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and to evaluate the short-term therapeutic effects and pattern changes of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (IVTA). Methods: Seventy-seven eyes of 60 patients, who had been previously diagnosed with DME through fundoscopy and fluorescein angiography, were enrolled, and each patient was classified as one of three DME types according to his/her OCT features: Type 1, diffuse retinal thickening; Type 2, cystoid macular edema; and Type 3, serous macular detachment. We compared age, sex, the duration of diabetes mellitus (DM), and decreased visual acuity (VA). We analyzed VA, intraocular pressure (IOP), foveal thickness (FT), total macular volume (TMV), and pattern changes that occurred between pre-operation and 1 month post-operation. Results: The duration of DM was short in Type 3 DME patients. There were no differences in age or the duration of decreased VA. Pre-operative VA was higher in Type 1 than in Type 2 or 3 patients. FT and TMV increased in thickness from Type 1 through Type 3. VA after IVTA improved in Types 2 and 3. FT and TMV after IVTA decreased in each type. However, the extent of the changes in Types 2 and 3 was greater than that in Type 1. Seventy-four percent of Type 2 and 83% of Type 3 changed to Type 1 after IVTA. Conclusions: This study found that there were differences in the therapeutic effect of IVTA among patients with different DME patterns. According to our results, the effectiveness of IVTA can be predicted, which we believe will help to objectively determine DME treatment. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2008;49(10):1611-1618

결막에서 발생한 평활근육종 1예

윤상철,이종혁,백혜정,Sang Chul Yoon,Jong Hyeok Lee,Hye Jung Paik 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.7

Purpose: We describe a very rare the leiomyosarcoma that developed in the conjunctiva. Methods: A 59-year-old man was treated at another hospital two months before presenting to our institution. He had not gotten any better and so was admitted to our hospital. He had normal visual acuity and intraocular pressure. However, we found a geographic, highly vascularized mass involving the corneal limbus in the medial bulbar conjunctiva, from which a pterygium had been removed a year previously. An excision of the mass was carried out to detect a suspected conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasm. Results: Tissue obtained from operation had cells with thin nuclei, spindle cells with pleomorphic cigar-shaped nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm, atypical cells, and from four to five mitotic figures under ten high power field. In immunohistochemical staining, Vimentin, Smooth muscle actin (SMA), Desmin, CD68 stained positively and cytokeratin, Cam5.2, S-100, HMB-45, CD 34 stained negatively. We found no clues of other origins from the general physical examination. Considering these factors, we conclude that this was a Stage I, G2T1aN0M0 leiomyosarcoma with moderate differentiation. Conclusions: Analysis by immunohistochemical staining is necessary to detect leiomyosarcoma in the conjunctiva, as it is very rare and hard to diagnose by the histologic method alone. We report a leiomyosarcoma of the conjunctiva after pterygium excision, and suggest that it be considered a differential diagnosis of conjunctival masses, even though it is very rare.

한국인 정상안에서 빛간섭단층촬영으로 측정한 황반 두께와 내장된 정상값의 비교

윤상철,이대영,남동흔,Sang Chul Yoon,Dae Yeong Lee,Dong Heun Nam 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.4

Purpose: To determine whether there are significant differences between the retinal thicknesses of the macular area in eyes of healthy Koreans compared with normative data using OCT3 (version 4.0). Methods: The study was performed in 111 eyes of 71 adults between the ages of 20 and 69 with corrected vision of 0.8 or greater and no systemic or ocular disease. The subject group was designed to have a similar age distribution to that of normative data. An OCT3 fast macular map was used to measure macular thickness. The results were further analyzed and compared with the normative data. Results: The overall results from the subject group were similar to the normative data. However, the nasal parts of the outer ring were thicker than the normative data and the temporal parts of the outer ring were thinner (p<.0001). When each age group was compared, the thickness of the superior part of the inner ring and the nasal part of the inner and outer rings were thicker than the normative data in the age groups of twenties and thirties (p<.05). For the nasal parts of outer ring, the macula were thicker by OCT examination than the normative data in 25.2% of subjects, although they were clinically normal. Conclusions: Macular thickness in healthy Koreans was generally similar to the normative data of OCT3. However, a slight difference may exist and must be considered when measuring and interpreting macular thickness measurements.

동해 표층수 중 영양염과 Chlorophyll α의 분포 특성

윤상철,윤이용,Yoon, Sang Chol,Yoon, Yi Yong 한국해양환경•에너지학회 2016 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.19 No.2

2009년 7월 3일부터 7월 27일까지 러시아 조사선 R/V Lavrentyev를 이용하여 러시아 연안으로부터 4개의 Line(D, R, E, A)을 따라 표층 30 m 수심의 시료를 26개의 정점(울릉분지와 일본분지를 포함한 동해의 전 수역)에서 채수하여 영양염 및 엽록소-${\alpha}$의 농도를 분석하였다. 냉수역보다 난수역에서 1.4배 높은 질산염을 제외한 나머지 항목들은 모두 난수역보다 냉수역에서 높게 나타났다($NH_4$, $PO_4$ 각 1.8배, $Si(OH)_4$ 1.2배, 엽록소-${\alpha}$ 1.9배). 암모니아와 인산염, 엽록소-${\alpha}$의 수평분포는 매우 유사한 분포를 보이며, 한류와 저층수의 용승 영향권에 있는 러시아 근해에서 최대치를 보이고, 울릉분지에서 비교적 낮은 분포를 보인다. 반면, 질산염은 대마난류수의 직접적인 영향권에 있는 울릉분지에서 최대치를 보이며, 점차 북상할수록 감소한다. N/P 비는 한류수계보다 대마난류 중층수에서 가장 높은 값을 보이며, 대마난류수는 동해로 유입되는 질산염의 주요 공급원으로 작용하고 있다. 그러나 난수역에서 인산염의 평균 농도는 $0.2{\mu}M$ 이하로 식물플랑크톤 성장의 제한 요인으로 작용할 수 있는 반면, 냉수역에서의 높은 농도는 엽록소-${\alpha}$와 직접적인 상관성을 보이고 있다. 해양환경에 영향을 미치는 주요인을 분석하기 위한 주성분 분석결과 주성분 I은 수온에 의해 동해의 해양환경이 주로 영향을 받으며, 주성분 II는 영양염과 엽록소-${\alpha}$ 가 주요인으로 작용한다. 따라서 연구해역의 해양환경은 수온에 지배되며, 그에 따라 냉수역과 온수역으로 구분되는 특성을 보였다. During the period between July 3 and 27 of 2009, water samples were collected from the Russian coast at a depth of 30m from 26 stations (including Ulleung and Japan basins) onboard the Russian survey vessel R/V Lavrentyev following 4 lines (D, R, E, and A). The samples were analyzed for nutrients and chlorophyll a contents. All parameters exhibited higher values in warm waters than in cold waters ($NH_4:1.8-fold$, $PO_4:1.8-fold$, $SiO_2:1.2-fold$, and chlorophyll-${\alpha}$:1.9-fold), except nitrates, which was 1.4-fold higher in cold waters than in warm waters. The horizontal distribution of ammonia, phosphate, and chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ was very similar to each other and showed the highest values in the waters near Russia, where a upwelling influence of cold current and bottom water prevails, while relatively low distribution was observed at the Ulleung Basin. On the other hand, nitrates showed the highest concentration at the Ulleung Basin, which is under the direct influence of the Tsushima warm water, and showed a gradual decrease northward. The N/P ratio showed the highest value in the Tsushima middle water, rather than in the North Korean Cold Water, the Tsushima Warm Water was the primary source of nitrate flow into the East Sea. However, the average concentration of phosphate in the warm waters was < $0.2{\mu}M$, thereby limiting phytoplankton growth, while a high concentration of phosphate in cold waters showed a direct correlation with chlorophyll-${\alpha}$. The results of principal component analysis for the identification of primary factors that influence the marine environment showed that principal component I was water temperature and principal component II was influenced chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ and nutrients. Therefore, Study area has greatest influenced by water temperature, and clearly distinct cold and warm water regions were observed in the East Sea.

학술발표회 초록 ( 공정시스템 (Ⅰ) ) : 산업용 PBL 중합반응기의 온도안정화

윤상철,손종성,임철웅,이석호,문경진,남규열,이광순,이대욱,정찬목 ( S . C . Yoon,J . S . Son,C . W . Lim,S . Lee,K . J . Moon,K . Y . Nam,K . S . Lee,D . W . Lee,C . M . Jeong ) 한국화학공학회 1994 춘계학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

성인사시의 수술 후 입체시의 변화

윤상철,백혜정.Sang Chul Yoon. M.D.. Hye Jung Paik. M.D.. Ph.D. 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.11

Purpose: To evaluate the postoperative changes of stereopsis after surgical correction of adult strabismus. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated strabismus patients older than 16 years at the time of operation at our hospital between April of 1999 and December of 2006. We retrospectively examined the medical records of 53 exotropia and 11 esotropia patients. We divided the pre-operative stereopsis into three groups:above 3000 arc of sec, between 3,000 to 100 arc of sec, and below 100 arc of sec. We analyzed the correlation between the post-operative status of stereopsis and the pre-op type of strabismus, the onset and duration of strabismus, and the presence or absence of amblyopia. Results: In patients who had pre-op stereopsis above 3,000 arc of sec, 31.6% showed improvement, whereas 77.8% of patients who had pre-operative stereopsis between 3,000~100 showed improvement; this value was 89.5% for patients with pre-operative stereopsis below 3000. 94.5% of patients in the intermittent exotropia group who had a good pre-operative stereopsis condition showed postoperative improvement and maintenance. For those patients with poor stereopsis at pre-operative, 32.2% of patients with exotropia and 18.1% of patients with esotropia showed improvement. Stereopsis decreased when consecutive esotropia occurred. Conclusions: This study showed deterioration of stereopsis in patients with consecutive esotropia. Post-operative stereopsis was correlated with the pre-operative stereopsis status and with the type of strabismus. No other factors that we examined were correlated with stereopsis. Post-operative stereopsis in exotropiaand intermittent exotropia were better than esotropia and constant exotropia. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2008;49(11):1807-1811

낙동강 최종 방류수의 수질 및 물질 방류량의 장기변동 연구

윤상철 ( Sang-chol Yoon ),윤석현 ( Shyun-hyun Yoon ),이승목 ( Seung-mok Lee ),윤이용 ( Yi-yong Yoon ) 한국수처리학회 2016 한국수처리학회지 Vol.24 No.6

We analyzed temperature, dissolved oxygen(DO), ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, chlorophyll-a of Nakdong river estuary discharged flow from Feb. to Dec. 2015. and We studied Nakdong river water`s environmental element for 20 years(1996-2015) to understand long term variation of the water quality and discharge flow of Nakdong river water. Although the change pattern of total discharge flow was similar to annual variation of precipitation, discharge flow decreased over 67%(7.572×10⁶ ㎥·year^-1) after construction of Nakdong river barrage(2013-2015). The annual range of fluctuation also largely decreased. We conducted the study the annual variation of environmental elements for 20 years. The concentration of nitrate, ammonia, chlorophyll-a remarkably decreased. The concentration of DO has increased until 2012 and has decreased after construction on Nakdong river barrage. The fluctuation range of ammonia and chlorophyll-a was large with the change of discharged flow at flowing a small amount of discharged water. Dilution effect was remarkable at flowing a large amount of discharged water(over 300,000 ton·day^-1). The concentration of COD, nitrate, phosphate was not decreased even though discharged flow was increased. The concentration of SS was increased with discharge flow increase. But the fluctuation range of the concentration of environmental elements was large even though a small amount of discharged water(100,000 ton·day^-1) flow after construction of Nakdong river barrage(2012). The discharged flow of all environmental elements we studied has decreased. COD, ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, chlorophyll-a and SS has decreased by 29.5 kt·year^-1, 2.8 kt·year^-1, 19.9 kt·year^-1, 1.8 kt·year^-1, 75.0 kt·year^-1, 402.5 kt·year^-1 for 20 years. In conclusion the discharged flow of all environmental elements we studied has decreased after construction of Nakdong river barrage (2012) and the range of fluctuation was also being small.

기독교 관점에서 결핍의 문제를 어떻게 볼 것인가?

윤상철(Sang-Chul Yoon) 한국기독교경제학회 2018 OIKONOMOS Vol.5 No.2

기독교적인 관점에서 결핍은 불순종으로 에덴동산에서 쫓겨난 이후 인류가 직면하게 된 숙명이다. 전능하신 하나님으로부터 유리된 인간은 결핍의 문제를 해결하고 그들의 능력을 극대화하기 위해서 계급제(Hierarchy)와 시장(Market)을 조직화하게 되지만, 오히려 소수의 지배로 인간이 소외되게 되고 돈으로 상징되는 물질의 권세에 사로잡히게 된다. 그 결과로 인류에게는 비가시적인 전능하신 하나님과 가시적인 권세로서의 돈이 신격화되어 두 주인으로 작용하게 된다. 인간이 직면하고 있는 결핍의 문제는 단지 물질의 부족만이 아니라 하나님의 부재에서 비롯된다 할 수 있다. 기독교 관점에서 볼 때, 결핍의 근본적인 해결은 오직 예수 그리스도의 구원에 의한 하나님 나라의 사랑의 공동체(Community)를 회복함으로서 만 가능한 일인 것이다. In the point of Christian view, the man that was banished from the Garden of Eden through the disobedience of Adam should be in want. The man that was separated from almighty God invented the institutions such as Hierarchy and Market in the world in order to solve the problem of ‘Want’ and to maximize his power. However, mankind was neglected by the rule of the minority and captivated by the power of wealth such as money. As a result, mankind had been faced with two masters who are the intangible almighty God and the tangible power of money as God. The problem of ‘Want’ that is now being faced by mankind can be originated not only from the scarcity of wealth but also from the absence of God. The biblical vision shows that the restoration of community of love in the kingdom of heaven can come to solve the problem of ‘Want’ ultimately, only through the redemption of Christ Jesus.

VR을 이용한 균형능력 측정장비의 성능평가

윤상철 ( Yoon Sangcheol ),안호원 ( An Howon ),안택원 ( Ahn Taekwon ),최해성 ( Choi Haesung ),이병권 ( Lee Byoungkwon ),서동권 ( Seo Dongkwon ),이규환 ( Lee Kyuhwan ),정상우 ( Jung Sangwoo ),이재훈 ( Yi Jaehoon ) 대한통합의학회 2020 대한통합의학회지 Vol.8 No.3

Purpose : Conventional Balance Measurement can only measure the center of gravity and the shaking movement of the body. As a result, it has the disadvantages of not responding to visual changes and blocking functions of variables. This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of new equipment that measures the balance of the body using changes in body segment and pressure using the acceleration sensor to compensate for the disadvantages of the existing equipment. Methods : To this end, balance ability was measured in 43 healthy male/female adults without orthopedic injuries and nervous system damage in the last 6 months. in a situation where the visual information was restricted by Virtual Reality (VR) gear, all subjects measured and evaluated the balance ability utilizing the new equipment. Balance measurement (Prime Medilab, Korea) and Wii fit (Nintendo, Japan) were used to measure the balance ability of the subjects, and the balance ability test was performed in 4 postures using each device for data acquisition. The test duration for each posture was 30 seconds. For data acquisition, the average value of three experiments measured using each equipment was analyzed, and the statistical test was performed using the independent sample and the corresponding sample t-test, and the significance level was set to α=.05. Results : As a result of measuring the balance ability using individual equipment, blocking visual information using VR gear, the average speed, maximum speed, and moving area of the COP increased equally. It was found that the obtained absolute size of the result in Wii was somewhat larger than that of BM. Conclusion : It is considered that in the future research, it is necessary to measure changes in the body’s center of gravity through image analysis, etc., to make clear comparison and evaluation of the usability.