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윤미영 ( Yoon Mi-yong ) 퇴계학부산연구원 2016 퇴계학논총 Vol.28 No.-
손문에게 근대국가 수립을 위한 `국민`의 창출은 중요한 과제였다. 그는 반드시 여성을 국민에 포함시켜 내우외환을 타개하기 위한 국민국가를 수립하고자 하였다. 그는 여성교육이 완성되어 자격이 구비되면 여성도 국민의 일원으로서 혁명에 직접 참가하여 남자와 동등한 권리를 갖는 참정을 비롯한 각종 사회활동에도 종사할 수 있다고 보았다. 이러한 이해를 토대로 손문의 여국민 양성론은 예속과 굴종을 강요받았던 중국 여성들에게 교육의 기회를 갖게 했을 뿐 아니라 지상최대의 목표로써 여권의식을 고양시켜 준 일종의 각성제가 되었다. 이러한 국민 개념을 바탕으로 국가사상과 여권의식이 결합되어 `여(자)국민`이 탄생하였다. 이와 같은 손문의 여국민 양성론은 단순히 남존여비를 비롯한 낡은 개념을 여성에게 남성과 동등한 권리를 부여하는 담론으로 대체하는 것이 아니었다. 과거와는 전혀 다른 방식으로 여성을 사유하기 시작했고 여성에게 새로운 역할과 규범을 부여하였다. 이렇게 손문은 이전과는 확연히 다른 지식여성을 출현시키며 중국 여성들에게 국민으로서의 자각을 일깨워주었다. 본 연구에서는 적극적인 여성교육을 바탕으로 전개된 손문의 여국민 양성론을 여성교육의 중시, 전족금지, 여성의 혁명투쟁 참가, 여성참정권 강조 등으로 나누어 살펴보고자 한다. Sun Wen(孫文) must include the women were trying to build the nation-states. He emphasized natural rights ideas and gender equality. And urged women to qualify as revolutionary. These people based on the concept of `mother of the people` has appeared. As a result, patriotism and woman suffrage combines the `women citizens` was born. The past and the other way now began to recognize women. I had to study his Nuguomin(女國民) Training Theory, its contents were summarized into four things. First, Sun Wen forcefully declared that foot-binding ought to be abolished. After the establishment of the government established he promulgated the decree was to prohibit foot-binding. Second, he was an emphasis on female education. Unfortunately, Chinese women had little chance for education. He stressed the importance of women education. Thus Sun Wen theory of education did have more of an impact on the birth of Nuguomin. Third, he urged that women were also proposed to participate in revolutionary activities. He is going to founded a school to train the female revolutionist. He argued that women participated in the revolution. Eventually Many women, including Qiu Jin(秋瑾) have participated in revolutionary activities. Fourth, he cried loudly for female suffrage. he said, “Women to get out of public duty and with political skills, women will also be political rights can have.” Chinese woman wanted every time a stipulation of their participation in government, but failed due to the conservative consensus of the men. Chinese women were given new roles and norms. Another important happening was the emergence of some female knowledge. As a result, Sun Wen`s Nuguomin Cultivating Theory aroused Chinese women national consciousness.
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꿀벌에 기생하는 꿀벌응애(Varroa destructor)와 중국가시응애(Tropilaelaps clareae)의 형태적 특성과 생태적 상호작용
최용수(Yong-Soo Choi),이명렬(Myeong Lyeol Lee),심하식(Ha Sik Sim),김혜경(Hye Kyung Kim),변규호(Kyu Ho Byeon),윤미영(Mi Young Yoon),강아랑(Ah Rang Kang),트란 반 또안(Tran Van Toan),홍인표(In Pyo Hong),우순옥(Soon Ok Woo) 한국양봉학회 2014 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.29 No.4
The ectoparasitic honey bee mites was originally confined to the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana etc.). Mites attach to adults and developing brood, where they feed on the hemolymph. If left untreated, mites can deform bees and eventually kill the colony. Varroa destructor and Tropilaelaps clareae have plagued European honey bees, Apis mellifera. Differences in mite tolerance are reported between two honey bee species A. mellifera and A. cerana. We counted number of mites (V. destructor and T. clareae) from 20 colonies. V. destructor and T. clareae has very similar behavior in honeybee colony. When behaviorally close, two competing species may populational interfere, and thereby affect their population dynamics. We tested for populational interference (PI) between two populational competing honeybee mites, V. destructor and T. clareae, by investigating their population dynamics when they competed on the same colony. Population of V. destructors are increased during August, whereas population of T. clareaes are decreased. The effects of interspecific competition on the population growth of mites (focus in the colony) are summarized in data. The presence of T. clareae on with V. destructor led to reduce in the change of T. clareae population size at August compared with other season, indicating that some form of interspecific competition occurred between the two species.
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벌집 추출물에 의한 국내 남부지방 양봉장의 등검은말벌, Vespa velutina nigrithorax Buysson (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) 여왕벌 포획
최용수(Yong-Soo Choi),이명렬(Myeong-Lyeol Lee),이만영(Man-Young Lee),김혜경(Hye-Kyung Kim),윤미영(Mi-Young Yoon),강아랑(Ah-Rang Kang) 한국양봉학회 2015 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.30 No.4
The Vespa velutina nigrithorax has proliferated in southern area of Korea since 2003. We identified 6 vespid species found in southern area in Korea, but V. velutina is invasive species. Observations were carried out in the southern region of Korea on the activity of V. velutina queens frequently appears near honeybee apiaries. We trapped V. velutina during spring season (March to May) by sugar syrup, honeybee comb extract, and beer mixture (5:3:2). Beekeepers must catch the queens of V. velutina during May to March. It will be reduced population of V. velutina worker during summer and autumn about 75% to 85%. The queens of V. velutina appeared end of march after hibernation. Therefore, queen trapping will reduce number of V. velutina colonies, dynamically.
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Bacillus thuringiensis의 꿀벌부채명나방, Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)에 대한 방제 효과
강아랑(Ah-Rang Kang),이명렬(Myeong-Lyeol Lee),이만영(Man-Young Lee),김혜경(Hye-Kyung Kim),윤미영(Mi-Young Yoon),최용수(Yong-Soo Choi) 한국양봉학회 2015 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.30 No.4
Bacillus thuringiensis K1 and K2 which was isolated soils and wax showed high toxicity to wax moth, Galleria mellonella L.. The crystal protein profiles of B. thuringiensis K1 were similar to those of its reference strain, subsp. kurstaki. But, K2 were similar with subsp. aizawai. PCR analysis using cry gene primers showed that B. thuringiensis K1 and K2, unlike its reference strain, had cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1E, cry1F, cry2, and cry5 genes for K1 and cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry 1B, cry1C, cry1D, cry2, and cry5 genes for K2, suggesting that B. thuringiensis K1 and K2 was a unique strain with respect to gene type. In addition, B. thuringiensis K2 was showed high level of toxicity against 1 instar to 3 instar wax moth, G. mellonella. Furthermore, B. thuringiensis K1 was showed high level of toxicity against 3 instar to 5 instar wax moth, G. mellonella.
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서양종 꿀벌(Apis mellifera)과 동양종 꿀벌(Apis cerana)에서 Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia)의 진단과 비교
변규호(Kyu Ho Byeon),트란 반 또안(Tran Van Toan),이명렬(Myeong Lyeol Lee),심하식(Ha Sik Sim),김혜경(Hye Kyung Kim),윤미영(Mi Young Yoon),홍인표(In Pyo Hong),우순옥(Soon Ok Woo),최용수(Yong-Soo Choi) 한국양봉학회 2014 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.29 No.4
The worldwide beekeeping countries has been lose colonies increasingly. Nosema spp. is one of factors about colony lose. Nosema spp. are a parasite of not only the European honey bee, Apis mellifera, but also several Apis spp. (Apis cerana etc.); However, little is known about the effects of N. ceranae on A. mellifera and A. cerana. Nosema positive samples (determined from light microscopy of spores) of adult worker bees were tested to determine Nosema species using species specific PCR primers of the 16S rDNA gene for detection of N. Apis and N. ceranae. Additionally we were detected of Nosema spp. by normal primer, it was detection of both Nosema spp. PCR detection methods is easier than morphologically method to distinguish N. ceranae and N. apis. We were detected only N. ceranae in all samples, indicating that this species present in apiaries by gene specific PCR. While our research was for one year, it can determinants about seasonal infection that there may be a seasonality to N. ceranae infections. Nosema spp. were increased at the spring season; So, we were counted number of spores of Nosema spp. in A. mellifera and A. cerana colonies at spring season by haemocytometer. Being able to foresee future Nosema spp. infections can be used to inform beekeepers on Nosema spp. management.
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