패턴디자인에서의 루돌프 아른하임의 그루핑 법칙 사례분석 -명품 브랜드 7개사 패턴디자인을 중심으로-

윤대진 한국디자인트렌드학회 2022 한국디자인포럼 Vol.27 No.2

Background The purpose of this study is to analyze the manufacturing principle of pattern design through theoretical principles by applying Rudolph Arnheim's law of grouping to actual design among the visual perception theories underlying communication design. Methods The research method of this study is as follows. First, it is intended to examine pattern design and Rudolf Arnheim's theory of visual perception through previous studies and related literature. Second, it is intended to create a framework for analysis using the similarities of size, shape, brightness and color, location, and spatial orientation among the formative classification of pattern design and Arnheim's law of grouping. Third, by applying the pattern designs of seven famous fashion brands selected for case analysis to the framework analysis, we analyzed the available range and the frequency of the theory. Result As a result of applying Arnheim's law of grouping, though there is a difference in distribution, Arnheim's law of grouping appeared in all 7 types of pattern designs. In particular, ‘similarity in form’ was the most prominent compared to the other items with a total of 6 cases. Although there are some differences in the patterns of each brand, ‘similarity of form’ is present in all, suggesting that grouping according to ‘similarity of form’ is used very heavily in pattern design production. Meanwhile, similarity of size, similarity of brightness and color, similarity of location, and similarity of spatial orientation were evenly distributed according to the characteristics of the space and shape of the brand. Conclusion Through this study, it was proved that among the production principles of modern pattern design, the law of grouping, which is based on the clustering of shapes, is an important principle that constitutes pattern design. In addition, it was verified that the qualitative simplicity of pattern design appearing in quantitative complexity is being developed through Arnheim's law of grouping based on similarity. 연구배경 본 연구는 시각디자인 저변에 깔려 있는 시지각 이론 중 루돌프 아른하임의 그루핑(Grouping)의 법칙을 실제 디자인에 적용해 봄으로서, 이론적 원리를 통해 실제 사용되고 있는 패턴디자인의 제작 원리를 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구방법 본 연구는 선행연구와 관련문헌을 통해 패턴디자인과 루돌프 아른하임의 시지각 이론을 고찰 한 후, 패턴디자인의 조형적 분류와 아른하임의 구르핑 법칙 중 크기, 형태, 밝기와 색채, 위치, 공간오리엔테이션의 유사성을 활용한 분석의 틀을 만들어, 사례 분석대상으로 선정된 7종의 유명 패션브랜드 패턴디자인에 적용해 봄으로서 이론의 가용범위와 빈도에 대해 분석하였다. 연구결과 아른하임의 그루핑 이론의 적용 결과, 분포의 차이는 있으나, 아른하임의 그루핑 이론은 총 7종의 패턴디자인 모두에서 나타났다. 특히‘형태의 유사성’이 합계 총 6건으로 다른 항목에 비해 가장 두드러지게 나타났다. 이는 모든 브랜드의 패턴에서 다소의 차이는 있으나 ‘형태의 유사성’이 모두 나타나고 있어 패턴디자인 제작 시‘형태의 유사성’에 따른 그루핑이 매우 비중 있게 사용되고 있음이 시사되었다. 그 외의 크기의 유사성, 밝기와 색채의 유사성, 위치의 유사성, 공간 오리엔테이션의 유사성은 각각 브랜드의 공간과 형태의 성격에 따라 고루 분포하였다. 결론 본 연구를 통해 현대 패턴디자인의 제작 원리 중 형태의 군집을 기본으로 하는 그루핑의 법칙이 패턴디자인을 구성하는 중요한 원리임이 증명되었다. 또한 정량적 복잡함 속에서 나타나는 패턴디자인의 정성적 단순성이, 유사성을 바탕으로 한 아른하임의 그루핑 법칙을 통해 전개되고 있음이 검증되었다.

이주속압연된 무산소동의 미세조직 (초)

윤대진,이성희,김수현,오광준,한승전 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2008 대한금속재료학회 학술대회 개요집 Vol.2008 No.1

루돌프 아른하임의 시지각(視知覺) 이론에 따른 심벌마크의 형태적 단순성에 관한 연구 - 금융기관 심벌마크를 중심으로 -

윤대진,임채형 한국일러스트레이션학회 2017 일러스트레이션 포럼 Vol.18 No.53

With the rapid industrialization, the design trend pursues the simplicity of geometric form aiming at functionality and efficiency rather than following complex and decorative beauty. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate the meaning of simplicity in visual perception defined by Rudolf Arnheim through the financial institution’s symbol marks. In the study, after analyzing the meaning of form in symbol mark and morphological simplicity of Arnheim 's visual perception study, I made an analytical framework and analyzed how simplicity is applied to the symbol mark of Korean and international financial institutions. As a result of the analysis, In the symbol mark of international financial institutions, the morphological simplicity of Arnheim was mostly applied in geometric and formal shapes. On the other hand, there are many symbol marks in Korea, which makes it difficult to find the morphological simplicity of Arnheim. I consider as this is the result of preferring the symbol mark which has more emotional feeling expressed by atypical symbol mark rather than the symbol mark has rigid feeling in Korean sentiments. Thus, I expect a follow-up study on this research. 급속한 산업화의 흐름에 따라 디자인 분야에서는 복잡하고 장식적인 미를 추구하기보다 기능성과 효율성을 지향하며 간결하고 기하학적인 형태가 주는 단순함을 추구하게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 금융기관 심벌마크의 형태를 대상으로 루돌프 아른하임의 시지각 연구에 따른 단순성에 대한 의미를 연구해보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 먼저 심벌마크의 개념 및 조형적 요소에 대한 이론적 고찰과 아른하임의 시지각 연구 중 형태적 단순성의 이론을 고찰하였다. 이후 아른하임의 시지각 이론에 따른 심벌마크의 형태적 단순성을 분석하기 위한 분석의 틀을 만들어 국내의 금융기관을 대상으로 심벌마크에 단순성이 어떻게 적용되었는지 분석하였다. 분석결과, 국외 금융기관의 심벌마크에서는 아른하임의 형태적 단순성을 기하학적‧정형적 형태로 대부분 적용한 반면, 국내의 심벌마크는 비정형적인 형태의 것이 많아 아른하임의 형태적 단순성을 찾아보기 힘들었다. 이는 한국인의 정서상 정형적이며 기하학적인 형태에서 주는 경직된 느낌의 심벌마크 보다 비정형적으로 표현된 감성적인 느낌의 심벌마크를 선호한 결과라 사료되며 그에 대한 후속 연구를 기대해 본다.

식물의 고염 스트레스에 대한 반응 및 적응기작(총설)

윤대진 한국식물생명공학회 2005 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.1

Plant responses to salinity stress is critical in determining the growth and development. Therefore, adaptability of plant to salinity stress is directly related with agriculture productivity. Salt adaptation is a result of the integrated functioning of numerous determinants that are regulated coordinately through an appropriate responsive signal transduction cascade. The cascade perceives the saline environment and exerts control over the essential mechanisms that are responsible for ion homeostasis and osmotic adjustment. Although little is known about the component elements of salt stress perception and the signaling cascade(s) in plant, the use of Arabidopsis plant as a molecular genetic tool has been provided important molecular nature of salt tolerance effectors and regulatory pathways. In this review, I summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of salt adaptation.

Tropane alkaloid의 생합성과 분자육종

윤대진 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2002 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2002 No.-

The tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine (its racemic form being atropine) and scopolamine are used medicinally as anticholinergic agents that act on the parasympathetic never system. Because they differ in their actions on the central nervous system, currently there is a 10-fold higher commercial demand for scopolamine, in the N-butylbromide form, than there is for hyoscyamine and atropine combined. Several solanaceous species have been used as the commercial sources of these alkaloids, but the scopolamine contents in these plants often are much lower than those of hyoscyamine. For this reason there has been long-standing interest in increasing the scopolamine contents of cultivated medical plants. Naturally occurring and artificial interspecific hybirds of Duboisia have high scopolamine contents and are cultivated as a commercial source of scopolamine in Austrailia and other countries. Anther culture combined with conventional interspecific hybirdization also has been used to breed high scopolamine-containing plants in the genera Datura and Hyoscyamus, but without much success. The use of recombinant DNA technology for the manipulation of metabolic processes in cells promises to provide important contributions to basic science, agriculture, and medicine. In this review, I introduce on the enzymes and genes involved in tropane alkaloid biosynthesis and current progress in metabolic engineering approaches for tropane alkaloid, especially scopolamine, production.

3축 지진테이블에 의한 소방시설용 내진스탑퍼의 성능검증

윤대진,최재성,김창열,김정회,이규형,김권영 한국화재소방학회 2017 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.춘계

대두 calmoduine유전자 SCaM-5를 발현하는 형질전환 토마토의 병 저항성 검정

윤대진,이효정,백동원,이옥선,이지영,김동균,정우식,윤재길,이신우,곽상수,남재성,김도훈 한국식물생명공학회 2006 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.2

The calmodulin as a Ca2+-binding protein mediates cellular Ca2+ signals in response to a wide array of stimuli in higher eukaryotes. Plants produce numerous calmodulin isoforms that exhibit differential gene expression patterns and sense different Ca2+ signals. SCaM-5 is a soybean calmodulin that is involved in plant defense signaling. Here, we constructed a SCaM-5 cDNA under control of CaMV 35S promoter and transformed it into tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The constitutive over-expression of SCaM-5 in tomato plants exhibited a high levels of pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression, and conferred an enhanced resistance to two fungal pathogen (Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium oxysporum), and a bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Thus, this results collectively suggest that SCaM-5 plays an important role in plant defense of tomato.

Genetic Screening for Cellular Redox Regulators and Their Functional Analysis in Plant

윤대진 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 2003 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.5

Recently, it has been reported that Bax, a mammalian pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, can induces cell death when expressed in yeast. To investigate whether Bax expression can induce cell death in plant, we produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants that contained murine Bax cDNA under control of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter. Transgenic plants treated with dexamethasone(DEX), a strong synthetic glucocorticoid, induced Bax accumulation and cell death. These observations suggest that some elements of cell death mechanism by Bax may be conserved among various organisms. Therefore, we employed yeast, a powerful genetic tool, to identify the molecular determinants of Bax-induced apoptosis in plants. Soybean and Arabidopsis cDNA library was co-transformed with the Bax gene into yeast cells, and over-expressed genes that could suppress Bax-induced cell death were isolated. From the repertoire of the Bax-inhibiting proteins obtained, we characterized ascorbate peroxidase(sAPX) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase(NDPK) in detail. Examination of reactive oxygen species(ROS) production using the fluorescence method of dihydrorhodamine123 oxidation revealed that expression of Bax in yeast cells generated ROS, which was greatly reduced by co-expression with sAPX, suggesting that sAPX inhibits the generation of ROS by Bax, which in turn suppresses Bax-induced cell death in yeast. These results indicate that this system maybe useful yeast-based genetic screening method to clone plant genes involved in cellular redox regulation. Therefore, we examined the functional significance of nucleoside diphosphate kinase(NDPK) as redox regulator in plant. H₂O₂ stress strongly induces the expression of the NDPK2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana(AtNDPK2). Proteins from transgenic plants overexpressing AtNDPK2 showed high levels of autophosphorylation and NDP kinase activity, and they have lower levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) than wildtype plants. Mutants lacking AtNDPK2 had higher levels of ROS than wildtype. H₂O₂ treatment induced the phosphorylation of two endogenous proteins whose molecular weights suggested they are AtMPK3 and AtMPK6, two H₂O₂-activated A. thaliana mitogen-activated protein kinases. In the absence of H₂O₂ treatment, phosphorylation of these proteins was slightly elevated in plants overexpressing AtNDPK2 but markedly decreased in the AtNDPK2 deletion mutant. Yeast two-hybrid and in vitro protein pull-down assays revealed that AtNDPK2 specifically interacts with AtMPK3 and AtMPK6. Furthermore, AtNDPK2 also enhances the myelin basic protein(MBP) phosphorylation activity of AtMPK3 in vitro. Finally, constitutive overexpression of AtNDPK2 in Arabidopsis plants conferred an enhanced tolerance to multiple environmental stresses that elicit ROS accumulation in situ. Thus, AtNDPK2 appears to play a novel regulatory role in H₂O₂-mediated MAPK signaling in plants.

Genetic Screening for Cell Death Suppressors and Their Functional Analysis in Plant

윤대진,문혜정 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2003 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2003 No.-

수전해용 공유가교 SPEEK/Cs-TSiA 막의 Ceria의 함량에 따른 제조 및 성능 연구

윤대진,오연선,서현,문상봉,정장훈 한국수소및신에너지학회 2015 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.26 No.3

The engineering plastic of sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) as a polymer matrix has been developed in this lab to replace Nafion, solid polymer electrolytes of perfluorosulfonic acid membrane which has several flaws such as high cost, and limited operational temperature above 80°C. The SPEEK was prepared in the sulfonation reaction of polyether ether ketone (PEEK). The organic-inorganic blended composite membranes were prepared by sol-gel casting method with loading the highly dispersed ceria and cesium-substituted tungstosilicic acid (Cs-TSiA) with cross-linking agent contents of 0.01 mL. In conclusion, CL-SPEEK/Cs-TSiA/ceria 1% membrane showed the optimum results such as 0.1882 S/cm of proton conductivity at 80°C, and 99.61 MPa of tensile strength which were better than Nafion 117 membrane.