燥邪와 燥病의 인식에 대한 고찰 - 역대 주요 논쟁을 중심으로 -

윤기령,정창현,백유상,장우창 대한한의학원전학회 2017 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Objectives : Dryness pathogen, which is one of six pathogenic factors, causes dryness diseases. Currently, the theory on dryness disease is composed of external dryness and internal dryness. External ryness, in turn, is composed of cool dryness and warm dryness. However, these categorizations and their symptoms bear ambiguity for many reasons. Therefore, this paper aims to review various texts in order to study the special features of dryness pathogen and dryness disease. Methods : Texts that deal with dryness pathogen and dryness disease were studied. Most texts are comprised of dissertations and historical medical texts, therefore, CNKI and The Sikuquanshu’s databases, and Traditional Chinese Medical(TCM) book webdatabases were utilized. Materials are listed in chronological order, and their main points regarding dryness pathogen and dryness disease are compared. Results & Conclusions : It is difficult to accept the assertion that dryness pathogen does not lead to external dryness. Dryness does not have the elements of chill and fever in itself. Dryness’s elements of chill and fever are determined in the ways they combine with each individual element. Moreover, the symptoms of chill and fever on dryness disease are subject to the host’s body type. External dryness and internal dryness cannot be discussed within an identical premise. Whereas the dryness in external dryness signifies the cause of a disease, the dryness in internal dryness is the consequence of a disease. In other words, internal dryness revolves around cause of disease and external dryness revolves around the mechanic disease. It’s difficult to determine whether these diseases are caused by dryness or wetnessin Autumn. There is an understanding which integrates these together through the Yunqi theory, but it is imperfect.

『黃帝內經』의 噫에 대한 고찰

윤기령,백유상,장우창,정창현 대한한의학원전학회 2020 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.33 No.2

Objectives : To determine the meaning of ‘yi(噫)’ from verses containing the character in 『Huangdineijing』. Methods : First, examples of the usage of ‘yi(噫)’ in Huangdineijing were collected and analyzed, followed by examples from the other books of the time when 『Huangdineijing』 was written. Finally the term 'ai' which surfaced in a later period than Huangdineijing to refer to eructation was examined. Results & Conclusions : Based on analysis of the usage of ‘yi(噫)’ in the 『Huangdineijing』, out of a total of 20 cases, 14 cases could be categorized as referring to eructation, 4 cases were difficult to categorize as eructation, and 2 cases were indeterminable. At the time of publication of 『Huangdineijing』, the character ‘yi(噫)’ was generally used to refer to eructation when used in a medical context, while in non-medical contexts it referred to sigh, or groan. The appearance of ‘ai(噯)’ is predicted to be during the Song period, but its appearance did not take away the meaning of eructation from ‘yi(噫)’ and both were used. Based on the change of meaning of ‘yi(噫)’, we can determine the approximate time when certain contents of the 『Huangdineijing』 were constructed. In the case of ‘心爲噫[Heart makes ‘yi(噫)’]’, we can understand it as the pectoral qi leaking through the throat manifesting as a sigh in order to relieve stagnation of the excessiveness of the Heart. In cases of deficiency, when the Stomach function is weak, the body is likely to let out a sigh. The term meaning sighing which is 'taixi(大息)' was understood as symptomatic of problems of the Gallbladder as well as the Heart. Objectives : 본 논문에서는 『內經』에서 噫가 쓰이는 문장에서 噫의 정확한 의미를 파악하는 것을 목표로 하였다. Methods : 먼저『內經』에서 噫의 용례를 찾아서 주석가들의 의견을 참고하면서 문맥에 따라 噫의 기전을 분석하여 트림의 의미로 볼 수 있는 경우와 보기 어려운 경우, 의미를 확정할 수 없는 경우를 구별하였다. 다음으로 『內經』이 지어진 시대의 전후의 의서 및 기타 서적에서 噫의 용례를 찾아보았다. 마지막으로 『內經』보다 후대에 트림의 의미로서 출현한 噯가 사용된 예 등을 검토하고, 기존의 噫와 어떤 관계를 가지고 있는지를 살펴보았다. Results & conclusion : 『黃帝內經』의 噫의 용례를 분석한 결과 총 20회의 용례 중 噫를 트림으로 볼 수 있는 경우는 14회, 트림으로 보기 어려운 경우는 4회, 의미를 확정하기 어려운 경우는 총 2회 나온다. 『內經』저작 당시의 의서에서 噫는 『內經』과 마찬가지로 대체로 트림의 의미로 쓰였으며 의서 이외의 기타 서적에서는 일부 트림의 의미로 쓰인 것도 있지만 대부분 한숨, 탄식의 의미로 사용되었다. ‘噯’ 글자의 등장 시기는 宋代로 추정된다. 이후 의서에서는 트림에 대하여 噯를 사용하기 시작하였으나, 이후의 明淸代의 많은 의서에서는 噯의 용례를 다수 활용하고 있음을 확인할 수 있는데 噯가 쓰인 이후에도 噫와 의미가 분리되지 않고 혼용되었다. 『內經』의 내용이 만들어진 시기는 噫의 의미가 한숨, 탄식으로 주로 쓰이다가 트림의 의미가 나타나는 과도기라고 추정된다. 5. 宗氣와 心과 胃의 관계에서 心爲噫를 해석해본다면 실증에서는 胸中에 쌓여 있는 宗氣가 心에서 鬱滯된 것을 풀기 위해 喉嚨을 통해 새어나가는 한숨으로 이해할 수도 있다. 허증에서도 胃의 기능이 약해 宗氣가 약해지면 심박동과 호흡의 작용이 약해짐으로 인해 한숨이 나올 가능성이 있다.『內經』에서 한숨을 의미하는 太息은 心 이외에 膽의 문제로도 인식되었다.

조선 후기 鍼無補法의 인식에 대한 고찰

윤기령 한국의사학회 2022 한국의사학회지 Vol.35 No.2

This study examined the perception of the royal family and scholars, focusing on the records of the royal family and literary collections in the late Joseon Dynasty, and attempted to present the process of accepting this content in Korea through domestic and foreign medical documents and other literature. The perception of this content in the late Joseon Dynasty can be said to be a characteristic content in the history of acupuncture and moxibustion in Joseon. This seems to have occurred after the middle of the Joseon Dynasty, when both acupuncture and medicine were executed as common treatments to the king. This content was generally recognized by Joseon's scholars because it had been in books read by the scholars before it was mentioned directly in the medical book. Korean medical books were influenced by Uihakyimmun, and this content continued steadily in various medical books. Since the books containing this content were test subjects for medical exam, it can be assumed that they were generally accepted by doctors in the late Joseon Dynasty.

脾陰 이론의 형성에 대한 고찰

윤기령 대한한의학원전학회 2022 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.35 No.3

Objectives : To examine the developmental process of the Pi-Yin theory since the Huangdineijing to Miu Xiyong. Methods : Related contents since the Huangdineijing to Miu Xiyong was searched to examine the development of the Pi-Yin theory. Results & Conclusions : In the Huangdineijing and Shanghanzabinglun, the origin of the Pi's body fluids that nurtures everywhere is explained to be the Wei, which limited the development of the Pi-Yin theory. Liu Wansu understood tonification of the Pi by means of moistening medicinals to mean adding Pi-Yin based on the manifestation of dryness in the case of dampness deficiency which is the main Qi of the Pi and Wei. Zhu Danxi understood adding Pi-Yin as accomplished by supplementing Blood. The understanding of the nature of Pi to be 'likes dryness and hates dampness' leading to thinking that drying dampness tonifies the Pi was the reason why the Pi-Yin theory could not develop fully. Miu Xiyong accepted theories of both Li Dongyuan and Zhu Danxi, and constructed the Pi-Yin theory to bring caution to the unwanted effects of using Baizhu wrongly. Through examination of the developmental process of the Pi-Yin theory, it could be understood that rather than focusing on the physiological function of the Pi-Yin and ways of maintaining its proper functioning, the theory was developed to bring caution to using medicinals with dry and hot properties that could dry the Pi-Yin.

自汗과 盜汗의 기전에 대한 고찰 : 역대 의서의 논설을 중심으로

윤기령(Yun Ki-ryoung) 대한한의학원전학회 2020 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.33 No.3

Objectives : 自汗과 盜汗에 대한 역대 논설을 수집, 검토함으로써 두 증상의 기전 설명의 변화와 각각의 기전, 그리고 두 증상의 관계에 대해서 살펴보는 것이다. Methods : 四庫全書 등 검색 DB에서 나온 自汗과 盜汗의 기전을 언급한 역대 의서의 내용을 분석하고, 自汗과 盜汗의 각각의 기전과 둘의 관계에 대해서 살펴보았다. Results & conclusion : 盜汗의 원인을 陰虛로 보기 시작한 이유는 朱丹溪의 滋陰 중시, 當歸六黃湯의 처방구성, 金元이후 火熱病機의 발전을 들 수 있다. 傷寒盜汗은 邪氣가 半表半裏에 있는데, 이미 손상된 表의 衛氣가 더욱 虛해지거나, 衛氣와 함께 들어간 邪氣가 陰을 흔들거나, 衛氣가 안으로 갈 때 正邪抗爭으로 熱이 나서 땀이 난다고 볼 수 있다. 雜病盜汗은 陰虛함을 틈타 衛氣가 과도하게 들어와 表가 虛하거나, 들어온 衛氣가 상대적으로 陰보다 많아 熱이 나서 땀이 난다고 볼 수 있다. 밤에 陰이 길러지지 않고 소모되면서 밤에 길러져야 할 衛氣가 더욱 虛해져서 땀이 난다고도 볼 수 있다. 自汗의 범주에 盜汗이 포함되는 경우 自汗은 衛氣 자체가 虛한 것으로 盜汗보다 衛氣의 운행 체계가 무너진 것으로 이해할 수 있다. Objectives : The aim of this paper is to examine the mechanisms of spontaneous sweating and night sweating, their relationship and how the explanations of their mechanisms have changed over the course of time, through examination of past discussions on spontaneous sweating and night sweating. Methods : Contents in classical medical texts that mention the mechanisms of spontaneous sweating and night sweating among search results from databases such as the Siku Quanshu were analyzed, followed by examination of each of their mechanisms, and their relationship with each other. Results & Conclusions : The cause of night sweating before the 『Danxixinfa』 was seen to be caused by yang deficiency in relation to problems of Exterior Qi and the theory of Heart governs perspiration , as the focus was on the phenomenon of sweating. However, it seems that yin deficiency came to be seen as playing a more fundamental role in the process of determining the root cause of night sweating. Moreover, Zhu Danxi s emphasis on nurturing yin, the composition of Dangguiliuhuangtang, and the development of the fire-heat pathology since the Jin Yuan period added to this shift in perspective. Night sweating from Shanghan could be seen as a sign of the already damaged Exterior Qi becoming more deficient while the pathogenic qi is in the half-exterior-half-interior zone, or as the pathogenic qi which entered with the Exterior Qi unsettling yin, or as a result of heat that is produced in the struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic qi that happens when Exterior Qi enters. Night sweating from miscellaneous disease could be seen as a sign of a deficient exterior that resulted from excessive entering of the Exterior Qi during yin deficiency, or resulting from relatively excessive Exterior Qi to deficient yin, producing heat that leads to sweating. If yin is not cultivated during the night but rather consumed leading to deficiency of Exterior Qi which also needs to be cultivated during night time, it could result in sweating.

신감화양(辛甘化陽), 산감화음(酸甘化陰)의 이론에 대한 고찰

尹基領 ( Yun Ki-ryoung ) 대한한의학원전학회 2022 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.35 No.2

Objectives : This paper aims to investigate the role of the sweet flavor within the contexts of ‘pungent and sweet becoming Yang’ and ‘sour and sweet becoming Yin’ and the meaning of the two concepts. Methods : Related contents in databases including the Siqu Quanshu were searched with ‘pungent and sweet becoming Yang’ and ‘sour and sweet becoming Yin’, whose understanding and application were examined. Results & Conclusions : The theories of ‘pungent and sweet becoming Yang’ and ‘sour and sweet becoming Yin’ originate from Cheng Wuji’s comparison of the Gancaoqianjiangtang and Shaoyaogancaotang in the 29^th verse of the Shanghanlun. The two terms first appeared in the Qing period among the Wenbing school. In other medical texts, the combination with sweet flavors could be found with salty, bitter and bland flavors other than with pungent and sour. The role of the sweet flavor in ‘pungent and sweet becoming Yang’ and ‘sour and sweet becoming Yin’ is to accomplish the dispersing and converging action slowly and effectively, by supplying energy in small amounts preventing it from happening too quickly, corresponding to its Earth nature of the Five Elements which harmonizes the Yin and Yang. While ‘becoming Yin’ and ‘becoming Yang’ could be understood as tonifying Yin and Yang, it could also be understood as ‘doing Yin’ and ‘doing Yang’, The specific actions differ according to herb and mixture. The point of distinction between the aforementioned tonification and that of medicinals that have Yin and Yang tonifying properties is that due to the other flavor that is matched with the sweet flavor, Qi is given motility which allows for tonification without stagnation.

『東醫寶鑑』에 나타난 分劑 製藥法에 관한 고찰

윤기령(Yun Ki-ryoung),김종현(Kim Jong-hyun) 대한한의학원전학회 2021 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.34 No.2

Objectives : 『東醫寶鑑』에서 分劑 製藥法을 활용한 처방을 통해 分劑 製藥法의 특징과 의의를 탐구하는 것을 목표로 하였다. Methods : 『東醫寶鑑』에 나타난 分劑 製藥法이 기술된 처방들을 검토하여 각각의 분석을 시도하였다. Results & conclusion : 『東醫寶鑑』의 分劑 製藥法은 주로 4가지의 分劑 製藥法을 활용하고 있는데 중앙과 사방을 합치면 五行의 원리를 담고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 그리고 分劑 製藥法이 사용된 처방은 주로 丸劑이고 湯劑를 활용하지는 않았는데, 서서히 치료하는 방법이며 脾肝腎 등 中下焦의 문제로 허하거나 울체되고 뭉친 병증을 해결한다. 分劑 製藥法은 單味方보다 다양한 수치법을 적용할 수 있고, 수치법 간의 간섭이 일어날 가능성이 적고 주약의 효능을 최대한 보존할 수 있다는 것이 장점이다. 分劑 製藥法은 일반적인 처방보다 주약과 수치하는 약재와의 일대일 작용만 일어나게 하고, 수치한 후에 주약과 같이 수치한 약재를 제거하고 주약만 남기므로 주약의 효능 개선에 최대한 집중할 수 있는 것이 장점이다. 따라서 分劑 製藥法은 單味方과 일반적인 처방의 사이에 있는 개념이라고 볼 수 있다. Objectives : To study the characteristics and meaning of the division pharmaceutical method in the Donguibogam through analysis of formulas that apply such method. Methods : Each formula applying the division method within the Donguibogam was analyzed Results & Conclusions : In the Donguibogam, medicinals to which the division pharmaceutical method was applied were baizhu[白朮], cangzhu[蒼朮], zhiqiao[枳殼], wuzhuyu[吳茱萸], xiangfuzi[香附子], chuanlianzi[川練子], huangbo[黃柏], etc. Formulas where this method was used were few, while the four methods that were used, together with the Center represents the principle of the five phases. The formulas that applied the division method usually did not adopt the tablet or decoction form, which means they were meant to treat slowly, treating deficiency or stagnation diseases due to problems in the middle-lower body such as the Spleen, Liver and Kidney. It could be said that compared to other more common formulas, this was a unique method. The division pharmaceutical method allows for usage of a wider variety of processing methods compared to single ingredient formulas, while there is lower chance of interference among the different types of processing. Another benefit is that the properties of the main medicinal ingredient could be preserved as much as possible. In addition, the division method allows for the main ingredient and the processed ingredient to interact exclusively, after which the processed medicinal is eliminated leaving only the main ingredient. This allows for maximum improvement of the main ingredient. The division method includes the principles of formula composition as well, whose concept could be positioned between single ingredient formulas and common formulas.

유맥(維脈)의 개념과 임상 활용에 대한 고찰

윤기령 ( Yun Ki-ryoung ),백유상 ( Baik Yousang ),장우창 ( Jang Woo-chang ),정창현 ( Jeong Chang-hyun ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2019 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.32 No.1

Objectives : This study attempts to identify the concept of Link meridian in previous medical books, and explore how Link meridian theory was used in a clinical practice focusing on YeTianshi. Methods : This study looked at the medical books related to acupuncture and moxibustion in the past and the part where Link meridian is mentioned in the annotations of "Huangdineijing" and "Nanjing", and examined how medical doctors prior to YeTianshi used Link meridian in a clinical practice. And then this study examined treatment cases in the medical records of YeTianshi. Results & conclusions : Yang-Link meridian and Eum-Link meridian were arranged as ascending route by the majority of medical doctors. However, there are doubts because startpoints of them are not "Jeyanghoe" and "Jeeumgyo" respectively described in "Nanjing". Link meridian is thought to be a structure that connects each meridian passing through crossing points with each crossing point itself as a starting point. Thus, Link meridian can be seen as a role in strengthening the connection of crossing meridians and balancing and controlling those meridians centering on each crossing point. The point that YeTianshi’s identifying that pathology of Eight extra meridians associates with liver and kidney(肝腎) to be a symptom of weakness, and his development of Link meridian's physiology and pathology through the relationship with other Eight extra meridians are thought to be more advanced than the previous medicine prior to YeTianshi.

위완(胃脘)의 부위에 대한 고찰 -관련 병증을 중심으로-

윤기령 ( Yun Ki-ryoung ),백유상 ( Baik You-sang ),장우창 ( Jang Woo-chang ),정창현 ( Jeong Chang-hyun ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2017 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Objective : The current wuiwan poses a challenge in understanding related disease because one term refers to many different parts. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to review historical documents and define the areas of wuiwan revolving around the wuiwan-related disease. Method : The Sikuquanshu database, Traditional Chinese Medical(TCM) books webdatabase were studied, and selections were made from the texts that discussed wuiwan. Result & Conclusion : The term wuiwan is used to refer to stomach's capacity. The word wuiwan is first discovered in Neijing. wuiwan-related disease as shown in Neijing does not move beyond the scope of stomach. The view of seeing wuiwan as part of esophagus is discovered in the text which explains dysphagia, and it is believed that this expression was used in the purpose of pointing the airway and the esphagus. Therefore, the reason wuiwan was viwed as esophagus has to be confined within the texts in documents that explain dysphagia or within the Four-Constitution Medicine. Generally, it is more reasonable to see wuiwan within the scope of stomach.

辛凉解表의 역사와 의미에 대한 고찰

윤기령(Yun Ki-ryoung),백유상(Baik You sang),장우창(Jang Woo-chang),정창현(Jeong Chang-hyun) 대한한의학원전학회 2020 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.33 No.1

Objectives : This study aims to examine the exterior relief method through pungent-cool properties in comparison to pungent-warm properties historically, to understand the meaning of ‘exterior relief through pungent-cool’ more thoroughly. Methods : Contents mentioning the treatment method directly were examined historically, then analyzed. Results & Conclusions : The method to relieve the exterior through pungent-cool properties has developed by overcoming the limitations of the method to relieve the exterior through pungent-warm properties since it was first established in 『Shanghanzabinglun』(『傷寒雜病論』). The term ‘relief of the exterior through pungent-coolness’(辛凉解表) was first mentioned in the Ming period, referring to weak level of perspiration. Yetianshi(葉天士) explained it as communicating Weiqi(衛氣) using pungent-cool medicinals for heat to discharge through the exterior, resulting in mild sweating. In 『Wenbingtiaobian』(『溫病條辨』) the term ‘to relieve the flesh’(解肌) refers to both mild sweating through pungent-warm medicinals and the opening of the exterior through pungent-cool medicinals for pathogenic qi to exit, resulting in sweating. If the exterior relief of the pungent-warm medicinals happens through the warm Yang qi(陽氣) stimulated the inner Yin fluids(陰液) to discharge as sweat, that through pungent-cool medicinals relieves stagnation in the exterior, opening up a way for the pathogenic heat to exit. From the perspective of the main therapeutic mechanism for pungent-cool medicinals to be its coolness relieving heat, the term ‘exterior relief through pungent-coolness’ becomes erroneous. For the ‘exterior relief through pungent-coolness’ category to be valid, the meaning of ‘exterior relief’ needs to be expanded to include not only stimulated sweating but the treatment process that could result in sweating.