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원옥재,이증주,엄민용,서수정,박수혁,황기선,편종영,박기웅 한국잔디학회 2014 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.3 No.2
The continuous use of acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors has led tothe selection of herbicide resistant barnyardgrass populations in direct-seeded rice fields of Korea. This study was conducted toidentify herbicide resistant barnyardgrass biotypes and to determine the cross- and multiple-resistance of them. 25% of thepopulation collected from Taeahn was partially resistant to ACCase inhibitors and 22% collected from Kimjae were partiallyresistant to ALS inhibitors. However, 8.2% of the population from both sites was resistant to ALS and ACCase inhibitors. Resistance to sulfonylurea herbicide, flazasulfuron was identified from two barnyardgrass accessions collected from both Taeahnand Kimjae. One barnyardgrass accession from both sites was resistant to ACCase inhibitor, sethoxydim. The cross-resistance toALS inhibitors was identified at one barnyardgrass accession from Taeahn and at two accessions from Kimjae. Further, crossresistanceto ACCase inhibitors was also identified at barnyardgrass accessions from Taeahn and Kimjae. Multiple-resistance toflazasulfuron and sethoxydim was determined at four barnyardgrass accessions from Taeahn and at six accessions from Kimjae. Therefore, the herbicide mixture and sequences within a growing season or the herbicide rotation with different modes of actionsacross growing seasons are recommended to control herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass in infested fields.
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담수직파에서 형질전환 CPPO06이벤트 벼의 안전성 및 잡초방제효과
원옥재,박수혁,엄민용,김창기,이범규,강홍규,이증주,박기웅 한국잔디학회 2015 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.4 No.1
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of weed control and phytotoxicity of oxyfluorfen using atransgenic rice line (CPPO06 event) resistant to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) inhibiting herbicides in the direct-seedingflooded rice. Five annual weeds including Echinochloa oryzoides and two perennial weeds were occurred in the test field. Oxyfluorfen at 120 g a.i. ha-1 in the application timing of two days before sowing and 0 and five days after sowing showed morethan 90% weed control value except for Juglans mandshurica. Total weed control value was more than 95% in any applicationtiming indicating a highly effective herbicide in the direct-seeding flooded rice. When compared with untreated control, no visualinjuries were detected at single and double dosage of oxyfluorfen. The agronomic characteristics and yield components of CPPO06event was reasonable in any time of application in this study. Based on these data, oxyfluorfen application before and after sowingcan be applied to provide effective weed management in the direct-seeding flooded field. 형질전환 CPPO06 이벤트 벼를 이용하여 담수직파 재배에서 oxyfluorfen의 적정 처리시기 및 처리량에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 모본인 동진벼는 10 g a.i. ha-1의 농도에서 생육이 억제되었으나, CPPO06 이벤트 벼는 oxyfluorfen10,000 g a.i. ha-1의 농도에서도 생육억제를 보이지 않아 높은 oxyfluorfen 저항성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. Oxyfluorfen을 써레질 직후와 파종 직후 처리한 결과 가래를 제외한모든 발생 초종의 방제효과가 뛰어났으며, 파종 5일 후의경우는 가래를 포함하여 모든 발생 초종이 95% 이상 방제되었다. Oxyfluorfen의 처리시기와 처리량에 따른 생육저해현상은 없었으며, 안정적인 수확량을 확보할 수 있었다. 담수직파재배에서 oxyfluorfen 처리시기 및 처리량에 따른CPPO06 이벤트 벼의 안전성 및 잡초방제 효과로 볼 때 담수직파재배면적의 확대가 기대된다
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원옥재,가유강,이증주,김진원,이정란,박기웅,Won, Ok Jae,Jia, Wei Qiang,Lee, Jeung Joo,Kim, Jin-Won,Lee, Jeongran,Park, Kee Woong 한국잡초학회한국잔디학회 2018 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.7 No.3
본 연구는 충청남도에서 ALS 제초제 저항성 논 잡초의 발생과 분포를 조사하기 위해 2017년도에 수행되었다. 충청남도 전체 논 재배면적의 47.0%인 64,782 ha에서 제초제 저항성 논 잡초가 발생하였다. 상위 5개 시 군별 제초제 저항성 잡초 발생면적은 서산시 11.9%, 논산시 11.1%, 당진시 10.9%, 보령시 9.2%, 아산시 7.8% 순이었다. 제초제 저항성 잡초종별 발생을 보면 물달개비가 가장 많았고, 다음으로 미국외풀, 올챙이고랭이, 강피, 알방동사니, 벗풀 순이었다. 제초제 저항성 물달개비, 미국외풀, 올챙이고랭이는 충청남도 전역에 분포하였으며, 벗풀은 당진시에서만 발생하였다. 2011년도 제초제 저항성 잡초 조사와 비교하여 제초제 저항성 잡초 발생면적은 감소하였으나, 제초제 저항성 잡초 발생률은 2011년도의 47.6%와 유사하였다. 제초제 저항성 잡초를 방제하기 위해서는 흔히 다른 작용기작을 지닌 제초제들과 병용하거나 교호로 처리하여야 하며 제초제 저항성 잡초의 주기적인 모니터링과 종합적인 제초제 저항성 관리체계가 필요하다. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence and distribution of herbicide resistant weeds at rice fields in Chungnam province of Korea in 2017. Herbicide-resistant weeds occurred in 64,782 ha, which comprise 47.0% of the total paddy field area of Chungnam province. The infested area of herbicide resistant weeds was estimated in Seosan-si (11.9%), Nonsan-si (11.1%), Dangjin-si (10.9%), Boryeong-si (9.2%) and Asan-si (7.8%). The most dominant herbicide resistant weeds in rice fields were Monochoria vaginalis, followed by Lindernia dubia, Schoenoplectus juncoides, Echinochloa oryzicola, Cyperus difformis and Sagittaria trifolia. Herbicide resistant M. vaginalis, L. dubia, and S. juncoides occurred throughout Chungnam province, and herbicide resistant S. trifolia was only found in Dangjin-si. Compared with the 2011 survey, the infested area of herbicide-resistant weeds decreased, but the incidence rates were similar. The herbicide rotation with different modes of actions across growing seasons is recommended to control herbicide-resistant weeds in the infested fields. It is necessary to monitor herbicide resistance regularly and conduct integrated herbicide resistance management in this area.
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콩 수확 효율 증진을 위한 건조제로서 비선택성 제초제의 활용 가능성
원옥재,홍 서연,서 은지,박 재성,이홍석,박 진기,류종수,한원영,한길수,송득영 한국작물학회 2021 Korean journal of crop science Vol.66 No.4
This study was conducted to select a desiccant and determine its concentration for safe usage to improve the harvesting efficiency of soybeans. Soybeans were treated with a desiccant (non-selective herbicide) before and after the maturation stage. The drying effect of the desiccant was higher at earlier treatment times than at the maturation stage, but the difference was not statistically significant. The higher efficacy might be related to the drying process of the leaves and stems, with most of the leaves and stems having already been dried by the time of hand harvesting. Desiccant treatments had no adverse effects on soybean yield, weight of 100 grains, seed quality, or seed germination rate compared with the untreated control. Pesticide residue analysis showed minimum residue concentration to be lower than the tolerance level of pesticide residues. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the desiccant was effective in drying soybean, and that there was no damage to the quality of soybean seeds. In addition to the drying effect, the dessicant treatment also facilitates the removal of weeds that interfere with the mechanical harvest and improves harvesting efficiency through the drying of the growth imbalanced individual. The desiccant treatment is expected to shorten the mechanical harvesting time by 1-2 weeks. It is thought that the selection of the proper cultivation period for other crops after soybean cultivation will be more advantageous. 본 연구에서는 콩 수확 효율 증진을 위한 건조제를 선발하기 위해 2019년부터 2020년까지 2년간 4종의 비선택성제초제를 활용하여 건조제의 선발시험 및 지상부 건조와약해 시험을 수행하였다. 1. 콩 수확기 건조제로 사용한 4종의 비선택성 제초제 모두처리시기가 빠를수록 건조효과를 보이는 것으로 확인되었으나, 통계적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2년차 실험에서도 처리시기에 따른 건조효과를 확인하였으나, 통계적인 차이는 지역간 차이를 보였다. 이는 건조제가 콩 성숙기 전후에 처리하여 수확을 하였는데, 보통 성숙기 약1~2주후면 예취 수확이 가능한 상태로 콩 잎이 대부분떨어져 있으며, 줄기도 일정 부분 건조되어 있기 때문으로 무처리에서도 일정 수준 이상의 건조가 이루어지기때문으로 보인다. 2. 건조제 처리에 따른 수확량의 감소는 보이지 않았으며, 100립중, 종실의 모양과 색변화, 수확된 종자의 발아율의 저하가 확인 되지 않아 약해가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 3. 건조제 처리에 따른 종실 내 잔류농약은 처리시기가 빠를수록 검출량이 증가하였으며, 시험약제 중 글루포시네이트암모늄의 검출량이 높았으며, 티아페나실이 보다 안전한 것을 확인하였다. 다만 콩 잔류농약허용치 이하의값을 나타내 적용은 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 4. 본 연구는 콩 건조제 처리로 기계수확을 1~2주 정도 단축시킬 것으로 보여 작부체계의 선택 폭을 넓히는데 기여할 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.
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원옥재,김영태,김재덕,최정섭,고영관,박기웅 한국잔디학회 2015 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.4 No.3
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of herbicidin, new natural herbicidal substances, derived from soil actinomycetes Streptomyces scopuliridis. Several weed species were subjected to examine the germination inhibition and herbicidal activity at the concentration from 100 to 2,000 ppm. There was no selectivity in germination inhibition and herbicidal activity against crops. Germination of Echinochloa oryzoides, Digitaria ciliaris, Abutilon theophrasti and Amaranthus retroflexus was inhibited completely when 7.81 ppm of extract was treated in petri dish. Pre-emergence application of herbicidin in soil condition showed low inhibition against weeds. However, post application of herbicidin in green house resulted in the necrosis of weeds at the concentration of 2,000 ppm. A. retroflexus was sensitive to herbicidin at the low concentration of 62.5 ppm, whereas E. oryzoides was tolerant to lower concentration of herbicidin until it became withered at the concentration of 2,000 ppm. In conclusion, herbicidal substances derived from S. scopuliridis herbicidin, which is consisted with herbicidin A and B, have dominant effect on germination and growth inhibition. On the other hand, herbicidin was insufficient to control gramineous weeds. In future, it will be needed to develop the combination of herbicidin with other herbicide or compounds to control gramineous weeds as well. 본 연구를 통해 토양 방선균 유래 제초활성물질을 대상으로 제초제로서의 적용 가능성 여부를 확인하기 위하여수행되었다. 잡초에 대한 발아와 경엽처리에 대한 약효시험 결과, 종자 발아는 100 ppm 수준으로 처리하고 경엽에는 2,000 ppm 수준으로 처리해야 저해효과를 나타냈다. 작물에 대한 시험 결과, 오이는 발아억제가 이루어지지 않았으며 벼는 발아와 생육 모두 50% 내외의 저해를 보였다. 그 외의 모든 시험 작물 초종은 처리 농도에 따른 민감한반응을 보였다. 즉 토양방선균으로부터 발굴한 천연제초활성물질은 선택성 제초제로의 개발은 어려워 보이나 비선택성 제초제로의 개발은 가능할 것으로 보인다. 한편 처리방법에 따른 농도별 시험 결과, 패트리디쉬에서 실험의 경우 모든 잡초종이 농도에 민감히 반응하였으며, GR50값은1-2 ppm 정도를 보였다. 그리고 토양처리 효과에 따른 발아억제 및 생육저해 효과는 쌍떡잎식물에서 보다 민감한반응을 보였고, 털비름의 경우 1,000 ppm에서도 85%의 생육저해를 보였다. 경엽처리에 따른 생육저해 조사시 2,000 ppm 에서 피는 고사하지 않았으나 나머지 초종은 모두 고사하였고, 특히 털비름은 6.25 ppm의 농도에서도 고사하였다. 경엽처리에 따른 대표적인 반응으로 바랭이는 잎의 꼬임현상을 나타냈고, 어저귀는 잎이 변색되었다. 토양처리는그 효과가 경미하고 일정기간 경과후에 재생되어 방제효과가 부족하였으며, 경엽처리의 경우 피를 제외한 잡초종등이 2,000 ppm에서 방제가 가능할 것으로 보인다. 또한 모든 결과를 종합 할 때 화본과잡초 보다 광엽잡초에서 민감한 발아억제 및 생육저해 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 토양 방선균 유래 제초활성 후보물질은 비선택성 경엽처리제로서의 개발이 상대적으로 유망할것으로 판단되었다. 한편 화본과 잡초에 대한 저해 효과가 부족함으로 추후 다른제제와 혼합함으로써 화본과 잡초도 동시에 방제할 수 있는 기술의 개발이 필요할 것이다
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Herbicidal activity and crop injury of aqueous extracts of sorghum leaves
원옥재,로미즈 우딘,변종영,Won, Ok-Jae,Uddin, Md. Romij,Pyon, Jong-Yeong Institute of Agricultural Science 2011 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.38 No.2
Herbicidal effects and crop selectivity of aqueous leaf extracts of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) were evaluated against several weed species for developing sustainable weed management in organic farming. Aqueous sorghum leaf extracts were highly phytotoxic to different weed species. No broadleaf weeds were germinated in the concentration of 5 fold or higher concentrated sorghum leaf extracts and 90% of seed germination was inhibited within that range in grass species. Sorghum leaf extracts strongly inhibited the growth of different weeds by pre-emergence and foliar applications in greenhouse condition. Foliar application of sorghum leaf extracts had a higher inhibitory effect than the pre-emergence application. Broadleaf weed species were more susceptible than grasses to the application of sorghum leaf extract in foliar applications than grasses. Galium spurium, Erigeron candensis, and Rumex japonicus were completely killed at the highest concentrated sorghum leaf extract both in pre-emergence and foliar application. Most broadleaf weed species were inhibited more than 80% at pre-emergence application at 50 fold concentrated sorghum leaf extract. G. spurium, E. candensis, R. japonicus, Eclipta alba, Plantago asiatica and Portulaca oleraeea were most susceptible to sorghum leaf extract in foliar application. Growth of most broad leaf weed species was suppressed by greater than 90% at 50 fold concentrated sorghum leaf extract. Most crop species were tolerant to sorghum leaf extract but shoot growth was slightly reduced by the application of 40~50 fold concentrated extracts, Sorghum leaf extract may used to control weeds in organic fanning without affecting the growth of crop.
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