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원승건,전대용,곽정훈,김정대,라창식 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.6
Milking center wastewater (MCW) has a relatively low ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N ratio), which should be separately managed from livestock manure due to the negative impacts of manure nutrients and harmful effects on down-stream in the livestock manure process with respect to the microbial growth. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) is linked to inhibition of the second nitrification and reduces around 40% of the carbonaceous energy available for denitrification. Thus, this study was conducted to find the optimal operational conditions for the treatment of MCW using an attached-growth biofilm reactor; i.e., nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 0.14, 0.28, 0.43, and 0.58 kg m–3 d–1 and aeration rate of 0.06, 0.12, and 0.24 m3 h–1 were evaluated and the comparison of air-diffuser position between one-third and bottom of the reactor was conducted. Four sand packed-bed reactors with the effective volume of 2.5 L were prepared and initially an air-diffuser was placed at one third from the bottom of the reactor. After the adaptation period of 2 weeks, SND was observed at all four reactors and the optimal NLR of 0.45 kg m–3 d–1 was found as a threshold value to obtain higher nitrogen removal efficiency. Dissolved oxygen (DO) as one of key operational conditions was measured during the experiment and the reactor with an aeration rate of 0.12 m3 h-1 showed the best performance of NH4-N removal and the higher total nitrogen removal efficiency through SND with appropriate DO level of ~0.5 mg DO L-1. The air-diffuser position at one third from the bottom of the reactor resulted in better nitrogen removal than at the bottom position. Consequently, nitrogen in MCW with a low C/N ratio of 2.15 was successfully removed without the addition of external carbon sources.
원승건,앤소니 로 (사)한국축산환경학회 2023 한국축산시설환경학회지 Vol.25 No.1
The improvement of life style has resulted in the increment of outdoor activities and leisure, which caused the increase of disposable products due to its convenience. Petroleum based plastics have shown the negative impacts on the environment with their inert characteristics. In order to improve such a situation, many studies have suggested biodegradable materials for disposable products. However, the determination of biodegradability is not very straightforward and for its convenience, short period and reliance of biodegradability shall be proved. The composting is one way to test biodegradability via American society for testing and materials (ASTM) with ASTM 5338 and 6400. Two different PLA bioplastic resins were tested in temperature controlled composting system in this study in which the cellulose as reference was used for comparison. For 100 days, the degradability of 68.4% in cellulose was achieved and testing materials of TF and XD showed 54.0 and 44.0%, respectively. The degradation analysis via CO2 capture showed the similar trend of biodegradability in weight basis but the values were difference, which may be some technical errors which shall be improved in the future. Through the model equations, the complete degradation period may be predicted and the values will be reliable with many repeated trials.
한우분뇨 관리 실태조사 및 토양으로의 양분부하계수 산정
원승건 ( Seung Gun Won ),유병구 ( Byung-gu You ),라창식 ( Chang Six Ra ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2015 축산기술과 산업 Vol.6 No.2
양분총량제 대응을 위해서는 한우를 사육함에 따라 발생하는 분뇨의 관리실태 조사 및 퇴비내 양분의 OJ:을 파악하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 총 40호의 한우농가를 대상으로 분뇨관리실태 및 퇴비 내 존재하는 양분 (volatile solids, VS; total nitrogen, T-N; total phosphorus, T-P)의 실질적인 양을 조사하고 퇴비화 과정 중의 분 해량을 측정하여 각 OJ:분의 부하계수를 산정하였다. 분뇨의 퇴비화가 이루어지기 이전에 톱밥 등의 깔짚이 투입되어 YS의 양이 크게 증가함에도 불구하고 VS는 약 4% 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 T-N, T-P는 각각 69, 40%씩 감소하는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 이에 상응하는 양분부하계수는 각각 0.96, 0.31, 0.60인 것으로 조사되었다 퇴비화 전후의 이론적인 T-P값은 차이가 없어야 하나 현장에서는 일반적으로 침출수 및 빗물 유실에 의해 차이가 발생하기 때문에 P의 부하범위를 환경전체로 고려할 경우 (&=0), T-N 및 VS의 분해율은 각각 50과 30%인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 산정된 한우분뇨의 양분부하계수는 퇴비화 과정 중 분해된 양분의 양을 고려한 것으로 토양에 적 용되는 실질적인 양분수지 계산을 가능케 할 것이며, 향후 양분총량제 대응을 위해서는 한우뿐만 아니라 각 축종별 양분관리 데이터베이스 확립이 매우 시급할 것으로 사료된다.
축산환경 : 부자재 종류가 친환경적 사축퇴비화에 미치는 영향
원승건 ( Seung Gun Won ),박지영 ( Ji Young Park ),조원실 ( Won Sil Cho ),곽정훈 ( Jung Hoon Kwag ),최동윤 ( Dong Yoon Choi ),안희권 ( Hee Kwon Ahn ),라창식 ( Chang Six Ra ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2013 한국축산학회지 Vol.55 No.5
To develop a sustainable composting method for livestock mortality, a natural aeration-composting process was designed and the influences of bulking materials on the mortality composting process were studied. Bulking materials(e.g., compost, swine manure, sawdust, and rice husks), easily supplied at the scene of an animal mortality outbreak, were tested in this research. A lab-scale composting system(W34×L60×H26cm) was made using 100mm styrofoam, and natural aeration was achieved through pipes installed on the bottom of the system. Four treatments were designed(compost, compost+swine feces, sawdust, and rice husks treatment groups) and all experiments were done in triplicates. During composting for 40 days, no leachate was observed in compost and sawdust treatment groups, whereas 18 and 8.2 ml leachate/kg-mortality was emitted from the compost + feces and rice husks treatment groups, respectively. Dimethyl disulfide(DMDS) emission during the composting was very low in all treatment groups, possibly due to the bio-filtering function of the compost cover layer on the pile. The mortality degradability in compost, compost+feces, sawdust, and rice husks groups was 25.3, 25.8, 13.5, and 14.5%, respectively, showing significantly higher levels in compost and compost+ feces groups(p<0.05). Also, only the compost+feces group produced enough heat(over 55℃) and lasted for 7 days, indicating that bio-security cannot be guaranteed without feces supplementation.
오삼규,원승건 (사)한국축산환경학회 2024 한국축산시설환경학회지 Vol.26 No.1
Development of odor mitigation from livestock industry has been continuously inevitable to achieve its sustainability. According to digestive tracks in livestock species, swine farm has been pressurized by civil complaint and government regulation, whereas Hanwoo and dairy farms were relatively out of range of a regulation. However, odor complaints are focused recently due to the expansion of a residential area. This research was conducted to estimate a mitigation efficient of additives in drinking water for Hanwoo. Total 32 Hanwoo in a raising period were tested including control. The additives provided by a retailor were linked with a drinking water line and supplied to 16 Hanwoo as a treatment. Gases (NH3, H2S, and VOCs) evolved from the bottom of each barn were measured and the concentration of gases in the treatment was lower than that in control. The analyses of manure showed that the concentration of T-N and NH4-N in treatment was also low by 74.2 and 83.7% levels in control, respectively. In addition, composting test described the oxidation of manure in the treatment had been relatively processed over the control. Microbial biota in feces was also changed between control and treatment, which became an indirect index of metabolic physiology in Hanwoo. In order to support such a result, the nutritional approach may be needed in the future.
윤태현,원승건,이동훈,이정우,Changsix Ra,김정대 한국수산과학회 2016 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.19 No.4
Magnesium hydrogen phosphate (MHP, MgHPO4) recovered from swine manure was prepared as an alternative phosphorus (P) source. Conventional P additives, monocalcium phosphate (MCP), dicalcium phosphate (DCP), and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were compared with the MHP in terms of growth and P availability by juvenile carp Cyprinus carpio. A basal diet as a negative control was prepared using practical feed ingredients without P supplementation to which four supplemental P sources were added at the level of 2%. Five groups of 450 fish having mean body weight of 6.5 g following 24 h fasting after 2 weeks of adaptation period were randomly distributed into each of 15 tanks (30 fish/tank). Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiety twice a day for 9 weeks. Fish fed the MHP had weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and specific growth rate (SGR) comparable to those fed the MCP. Those values of both the MHP and MCP groups were significantly different (p < 0.05) from the other groups. Fish groups fed control and the TCP showed the lowest WG, PER, and SGR and the highest FCR among treatments. No fish were died among treatments during the experimental period. Fish fed control and the TCP showed hematocrit and hemoglobin significantly lower (p < 0.05) than fish fed the MHP. The lowest inorganic P (Pi) in plasma was found in the control group. Even though Pi was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from other phosphate groups, fish fed the MCP and MHP retained higher P in whole body than the other groups. P availability was determined to be 93.2, 62.4, 6.1, and 98.0% for MCP, DCP, TCP, and MHP, respectively. The present results suggested that the MHP recovered from wastewater stream could be used as an alternative P source in carp diet.