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Clinical management of abnormal Pap tests: differences between US and Korean guidelines
원세연,김미경,성석주 대한병리학회 2020 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.54 No.3
Cervical cancer has been the most common gynecological cancer in Korea but has become a preventable disease with regular screening and proper vaccination. If regular screening is provided, cervical cancer does not progress to more than carcinoma in situ, due to its comparatively long precancerous duration (years to decades). In 2012, the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology published guidelines to aid clinicians in managing women with abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) tests, and they soon became the standard in the United States. Not long thereafter, the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology and the Korean Society for Cytopathology published practical guidelines to reflect the specific situation in Korea. The detailed screening guidelines and management options in the case of abnormal Pap test results are sometimes the same and sometimes different in the United States and Korean guidelines. In this article, we summarize the differences between the United States and Korean guidelines in order to facilitate physicians’ proper management of abnormal Pap test results.
하천 수질정화를 위한 실험실 규모 다단식 토양여과 시스템에서 오염물질 제거에 미치는 운전인자의 영향
원세연(Se Yeon Won),기동원(Dong Won Ki),윤민혁(Min Hyeok Yoon),맹승규(Sung Kyu Maeng),안규홍(Kyu Hong Ahn),박준홍(Joon Hong Park),송경곤(Kyung Guen Song) 大韓環境工學會 2012 대한환경공학회지 Vol.34 No.2
본 연구에서는 하천의 수질오염물질을 처리하는 다단식 토양여과 시스템의 주요 운전인자인 여재 충전깊이, 선속도 및 연속 또는 간헐운전이 오염물질의 제거에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 여재 충전깊이의 증가는 오염물질과 여재와의 접촉시간 을 증가시켜 모든 항목의 제거효율을 증가시키는 역할을 하였다. 특히 물리화학적 제거에 기인하는 TP와 NH₄-N 항목의 제거 효율이 상부의 생물학적 활성층에서의 제거에만 주로 기인하는 COD에 비하여 더 큰 증가를 보였다. 한편 선속도의 증가는 여 재 내에서의 체류시간을 감소시키는 역할을 함에 따라 전반적인 제거효율의 저하를 가져왔으며, 특히 전체 여재층에 걸친 접 촉시간에 영향을 받는 TP와 NH₄-N 항목에 비하여 표층부의 생물학적 제거에만 기인하는 COD의 경우는 상대적으로 큰 영향 을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 오염물질의 효율적인 제거를 위해서는 체류시간을 증가시키는 방향으로 운전인자들을 조절 하는 것이 중요할 것으로 판단된다. 연속운전과 간헐운전으로 운전방법을 달리하는 것은 모든 항목에서 큰 영향을 미치지는 않았으나, 안정적 운전을 위해서는 생물학적 조건의 유지와 막힘 현상의 가속화 등을 고려할 필요가 있다. In this study we investigated the effects of operational parameters of a multi-layered soil filtration (filter depth, filtration velocity, and continuous/intermittent operation) on removal of pollutants in river water. As filter depth increased removal of all the pollutants (COD, TP, TN, and NH₄-N) was increased because the increase in filter depth increased in contact time between media and pollutants. The removal of TP and NH₄-N more increased with the increase in filter depth, comparing to the biological COD removal which was performed only in the top layer, since the removal mechanism of TP and NH₄-N was physicochemical process occurring throughout the whole layers. However, the reduction in filtration velocity resulted in decrease of removal all the pollutants removal due to shorter retention time. Biological COD removal was more influenced with the reduction in filtration velocity (longer retention time), than the removal of TP and NH₄-N. Because biological process was occurred only in the top layer which has relatively shorter retention time, comparing with physicochemical process occurred throughout whole media. Therefore, it is desirable that the operation parameters be controlled toward increasing retention time, in order to achieve efficient pollutants removal. The change in operation mode (continuos vs. intermittent operations) did not provide significant effects on the pollutant treatment efficiency by the multi-layered soil filtration system. Our findings suggest that for stable long-term operation it should be considered keeping conditions for biological activity and accelerating clogging.
김수진,최수현,원세연,심소현,이나라,김미선,김미경,성석주,김미라 연세대학교의과대학 2022 Yonsei medical journal Vol.63 No.5
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the cumulative recurrence rate and risk factors for recurrent abdominal wall endometriosis(AWE) after surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single gynecological surgery center between January2004 and December 2020. Patients who were surgically treated and followed up for at least 6 months after surgery were selected. Results: Eighteen patients with pathologically diagnosed AWE were included in this study. The median follow-up duration was22.5 months (range, 6–106). The median age was 37 years (range, 22–48), and 33.3% of the patients were nulliparous. Among thepatients included in our study, 55.6% complained of a mass with cyclic pain, and 27.8% had a palpable mass. In addition, 22.2% ofpatients experienced recurrence with 17.5±9.7 months of mean time to recurrence. The cumulative recurrence rates at 24 and 60months after surgical treatment of AWE were 23.8% and 39.1%, respectively. There were no statistically significant risk factors for therecurrence of AWE, including postoperative medical treatment. Conclusion: The recurrence rate of AWE appears to be correlated with the follow-up duration. There was no statistically significantrisk factor for the recurrence of AWE. Unlike ovarian endometriosis, postoperative hormonal treatment does not seem to lower therecurrence of AWE. The findings of the current study may help healthcare providers in counselling and managing patients with AWE.