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미국의 대학에서 소수인종우대정책(Affirmative Action)
오대성 전남대학교 법학연구소 2011 법학논총 Vol.31 No.3
Today, Affirmative Action is more controversial or more divisive than any other issues in America. Those who support affirmative action argue that it is an essential technique to remedy the long legacy of racism in American society. Opponents of affirmative action contend that it is reverse discrimination. A large amount is at stake in this debate. Jobs, admission to universities, government licenses and contracts are the tangible benefits at issue. Enormous disparities remain between whites and blacks in every measure of educational and economic achievement. Must this be tolerated or can the government use affirmative action as a step towards greater equality?A meaningful discussion of affirmative action cannot focus on affirmative action as if it is a monolithic concept, but rather must focus on what types of race-based actions are permissible under what circumstances. There are instances where affirmative action is essential and times when it is unnecessary. Part Ⅱ of this essay considers the different purposes that affirmative action might serve. Part Ⅲ considers some of the forms that affirmative action can take. Part Ⅳ concludes reaction against affirmative action might such as constitution litigation and enact movement such as anti ffirmative action aw. Part V concludes by arguing that some types of affirmative action are desirable and, indeed, essential under some circumstances. Part Ⅵ consider special entrance exam college for social poor group in korea. A meaningful discussion of affirmative action must be particularized, focusing on what specific types of actions are permissible under what circumstances. Also, the primary focus of this paper is on government affirmative action efforts, although the same analysis often applies when affirmative action is undertaken by the private sector. 소수인종우대정책이란 대학입시나 공무원채용, 정부의 공사수주계약 등에서 소수계층 특히 흑인들에게 일정한 혜택을 부여하는 조치를 말한다. 오늘날 여기의 소수계층에는 흑인뿐만아니라 소수인종이나 소수민족, 여성들도 포함된다. 이러한 소수인종우대정책은 오늘날 미국 사회에서 매우 큰 찬반논란이 되고 있다.이 정책을 지지하는 사람들은, 이 제도는 미국 사회의 고질적인 인종차별을 구제하는 핵심적인 방안이라고 한다. 그러나 반대하는 사람들은 이 정책은 백인에 대한 역차별이고, 대학입시나 직원채용 등에서 인종적 요소를 고려하는 것은 부당하다고 주장한다. 이 정책은 오늘날 미국 사회 전번에 걸쳐 엄청난 영향을 끼치고 있다. 즉, 대학입시는 물론이고 고용, 정부의 계약과 인허가, 공직 등에 있어 소수인종 집단에 큰 혜택을 제공하고 있다. 이를 위해 소수인종우대정책의 목적과 방법은 다양하게 적용된다. 이 논문은 이러한 정책의 필요성을 논하고자 소수인종우대정책에 대한 여러가지 목적과 다양한 방법들을 살펴보았다. 실제 이 정책은 대학입시 뿐만아니라 고용관계 등 사회의 여러 분야에 걸쳐 적용되고 있지만, 본 논문은 대학입시에서의 소수인종우대정책을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 또한 이 정책은 여성에 대해서도 적용되지만 이 부분은 생략하였다. 논문의 순서는, 먼저 소수인종우대정책의 여러가지 목적들을 분석하고, 그 실현을 위한 다양한 방법들을 살펴보았다. 그리고 이에 대한 반작용으로서 위헌소송과 반소수인종우대법을 고찰하였다. 그리고 이를 토대로 이 정책에 대한 필요성을 검토하였다. 마지막으로 우리나라 대학입시에서 소수인종우대정책과 유사한 방법들을 살펴보았다.
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민사조정의 운영실태와 그 활성화방안에 관한 법사회학적 연구 : 광주 및 전남지역의 법원을 중심으로
오대성 한국중재학회 2007 중재연구 Vol.17 No.2
Mediation is type of intervention in which the disputing parties accept the offer of the judge or a third party to recommend a solution for their controversy. Mediation differs from arbitration in being a voluntary resolution rather than a judicial procedure. Thus, the parties to the dispute are not bound to accept the mediator's recommendation. Resort to mediation has become increasingly frequent for civil disputes. Mediation has been successful in many cases of civil conflict. Mediation has become increasingly important for monetary disputes as well, particularly in damage cases. While most people consider mediation a far superior experience to court, everything I tell you a mediator should not do is something that at least one mediator I have dealt with has done to a client. In theory, a mediator should never share anything you tell him or her without your permission. In theory a mediator should not "spring" evaluations on anyone in a mediation without your permission (e.g. a mediator should never say "your case is worth \ 0000 and I just told the other side that). In theory a mediator should not browbeat or threaten you. At the end, usually about 55% of the time with a good mediator in Kwangju Appellate Court in 2003, the parties reach an agreement that is in their best interests. If they decide to sign off on a signed agreement, the signed agreement is binding. I obviously feel mediation is a very good thing and the numbers and surveys bear me out. This article is written about how mediation is proceeded, what is the realities, what is the problem and what is the activating way For this study, I research with legal sociological approach using Korean Judicial Year Book, judicial document and my experience as meditator in Kwangju District Court.
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오대성 한국민사소송법학회 2013 민사소송 Vol.17 No.2
Default judgment is a binding judgment in favor of either party based on some failure to take action by the other party. Most often, it is a judgment in favor of a plaintiff when the defendant has not file an answer to a complaints or has failed to appear before a court of law. The failure to take action is the default. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure provides that the court may enter default judgment against defendant if he fails to file an answer to complaints. Usually, this does not even involve a hearing. In such cases, obtaining Judgment is a purely administrative act, which is one refers to it as ‘entering’ Judgment. Final judgment will be entered in claims for specified sums, whereas Judgment for damages to be decided will be entered in claims for unspecified amounts. Because in most cases entering default judgment is an administrative process, there is no investigation of the merits of the claim. The court, therefore retains wide powers to set aside on a motion by the defendant This article looks over Judgment in default mainly focusing on the federal rule of civil procedure. If needed, reference from state system will be alluded. In the following paragraphs topics on default Judgment will be tackled on. Topics are on the meaning, the history, the grounds, the process, the method, and relief of a default Judgment. Furthermore, the problems behind them will be pointed out and ways to improve these problems will be suggested. This discussion is meaningful for it presents implications that could be applied to the development of non-pleading Judgment system of Korea.
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