셰이머스 히니의 시론에 입각한 「글랜모어 소네트」 연구: 기억의 경작과 언어 봉사

염정인 한국현대영미시학회 2017 현대영미시연구 Vol.23 No.2

This paper focuses on Seamus Heaney’s “Glanmore Sonnets” from Field Work(1979) and examines how the sequence represents Heaney’s poetics, based on various studies of Heaney’s works. “Glanmore Sonnets,” consisting of 10 sonnets, shows the way of his “ploughing” a symbolic “field of memories” and “serving people by serving language.” Heaney’s unique way of referring to memories reminds us of a farmer’s ploughing. “Ploughing” imagery is distinct only in the first sonnet but recurs indirectly in others. “Glanmore Sonnets” shows how ploughing memories are relevant to his current life and serve his poetic language. Furthermore, “Glanmore Revisited” in See Things(1991) shows how Glanmore gave Heaney “the sense of place” and let him find the continuity of “self” as a poet. Studying “Glanmore Sonnets” is a way of discovering what Heaney looked for during his Glanmore life. It gave him a turning point while building his poetic career subsequent to Field Work. In considering other poems of Heaney in connection with “Glanmore Sonnets,” this study aims to shed light on Heaney’s paradigm of art as a whole.

셰이머스 히니의 「엘리엇에게 배우기」:극복의 감수성으로 엘리엇 읽기

염정인 한국현대영미시학회 2015 현대영미시연구 Vol.21 No.2

In “Feeling into Words”(1980) Seamus Heaney reveals his efforts to understand T. S. Eliot’s poetry, while operating his essential “sensibility of overcoming.” Heaney always tried to overcome spiritual obstacles with his positive attitude and inner strength. As for getting over Eliot’s influence, he confesses to feeling as if a “neophyte reader.” This paper, therefore, re-reads “Learning from Eliot” so as to illuminate Heaney’s process of overcoming the American poet’s influence, and seeks to describe how his active engagement with Eliot’s poetry provides him with motivation to control his insecurity and develop his emergent poetics. Comparing himself to an “echo-chamber,” Heaney synthesizes the notion of an “auditory imagination” from Eliot’s discussion of Matthew Arnold. As a so-called echo-chamber, and through a deep understanding of Eliot’s poetry, Heaney reveals his own hand in the making of a poetic self.

셰이머스 히니의 『스테이션 섬』의 전략: 불편한 끼어들기

염정인 한국현대영미시학회 2008 현대영미시연구 Vol.14 No.1

This study of the strategy in Station Island shows how Seamus Heaney objectifies his spiritual conflicts and takes poetic voices including his posture toward challenges in life. Heaney, suffering from a sense of guilt for the ordeal of people in Ireland, creates a threatening mood and lets his suffering voices conflict in his poems. This is the way he proves how a poet cultivates his style through the despair prevalent in his age and includes his optimistic stance toward the life in his works. In the center of his poems is a sense of guilt and responsibility as an Irish poet. It is remarkable that he utilizes the stressful emotions as a poetic strategy. While cultivating poetic voices focused on the musical effects in his early poems, he shows the struggle and confrontation between the main poetic voice and other voices inserted into the context in Station Island, which makes a tensional atmosphere. The poet himself is always challenged by uncomfortable voices, however, this inconvenient intrusion gives the entire poems a new energy and liveliness.

셰이머스 히니 시의 반어법과 페이소스에 대한 고찰

염정인 한국현대영미시학회 2012 현대영미시연구 Vol.18 No.2

This study examines how Seamus Heaney modulates tones and operates mood in his poetry, focusing on a few works dealing with his childhood and memories in Death of a Naturalist. In some of his earlier works, he described how a growing young man had undergone unpleasant transformation. The speaker pretends to assume an objective attitude toward what really happens in daily lives. He seems to keep his composure and speaks in a calm tone. However, his underlying tone also shows his pity on things. Consequently, his tones show the situation ironically, which produces the mood of pathos effectively. Besides tones, unique structure, sounds, and even sentences create irony and contribute to his pathetic mood in subtle ways. This is the way he manages his personal remembrance and Irish matters. The way of handling personal experiences and issues ironically confirms his modern technique. Another goal of this study is to know what features Heaney’s pathetic mood and how it will develop. In his later works, Heaney thinks highly of maternal tolerance and some critics find so-called “female principles” in them. His pathos in earlier works functions as a prop in the development of his later works respecting feminine sensibility. The strength of this feminine quality is that it can sympathizingly embrace all troubles of life. His pathos contributes to his attitude to connect sympathetic sensibility with positive values of life in his later works.

경관조명의 구성요소

염정덕(廉正德) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2010 조명.전기설비 Vol.24 No.4

셰이머스 히니의 시의 에로티즘 연구 ―과잉에의 헌신

염정인 한국현대영미시학회 2019 현대영미시연구 Vol.25 No.2

This study intends to demonstrate how Seamus Heaney devotes himself to excess and examines how his devotion leads to his poetics as a unique metaphor, focusing on his sexuality poems. Heaney’s sexuality poems put a meaningful perspective on humans and their lives. Heaney treats sexuality as a way of devoting himself to his excessive self-consciousness and details in his poems. The unexpected combination of ‘sexuality,’ ‘excess,’ ‘devotion’ gives Heaney’s poetry unusual energy. Heaney’s early works talk about juvenile sexuality with his overflowing sense of language, while later ones make use of it as a unique way in the process of building his poetics. In order to give a concentrative consideration to his sexuality poems, this study aims to investigate how Heaney’s eroticism is shown in his poetry, and then mention his ‘reticence’ poetics described in his The Government of the Tongue and The Redress of Poetry. In considering the process of according apparent controversial ‘excess’ with ‘reticence’ and pursuing his own poetics, this study aims to shed a new light on Heaney’s poetry and poetics as a whole.

셰이머스 히니 시의 여성 원리에 대한 고찰―모성과 포용력을 중심으로

염정인 한국현대영미시학회 2013 현대영미시연구 Vol.19 No.2

Feminine quality has impressed Seamus Heaney, in terms of maternity and generous capacity. Therefore, mothers and wives in many of his poems have been described steadily and positively. Basically, Heaney has had a stable and very communicative relationship with his mother, which led to his resourceful empathic ability of women’s lives. Heaney has empathized women’s daily lives in which they suffered from men’s unilateral attitude. Heaney’s female characters have been mostly described as being conversant with generous capacity and maternity. Heaney has thought highly of this feminine quality and some critics has discussed it in Heaney’s poetry, calling it as a ‘feminine principle.’ Consequently, this thesis aims to discuss how this ‘feminine principle’ of Heaney’s poetry could be embodied and used to search for the women’s sufferings and capacity. This study also illuminates Heaney’s delicate description of male-female issues. Besides, it searches for what he proposes to look squarely at women’s sufferings, get over the limitation, and reach the possibility of true communion between men and women. When it comes to dealing with male-female issues, it ultimately faces communication gap and this is sort of verbal limitation. In the first place, This study focuses the issue of women’s troubles and distress focused on a few of female poems in Door into the Dark. Secondly, “clearances” in The Haw Lantern is mentioned based on the fact that this poem was written after experiencing the death of parents. It is expected to reflect his deeper consideration into communication issues and much more concentrate on female capacity. This is because the feminine capacity based on maternity is one of the major resource and the capital motivation of his poetry. Despite his considerate thoughts on male-female communication and women’s limitation, Heaney is ultimately not likely to have an insight into women as an independent character. However, there has been his endeavors to cast light upon feminine capacity. It is worth finding his style to voice women and express his stance toward them in his female poems. In conclusion, the most positive aspect of feminine principle, according to Heaney, is maternity and women’s unsparing capability to accept all sorts of absurdity and deal with sufferings. He trusted it as a potential to make this male-oriented world go round properly and balance it. Finally, Heaney’s female poems has thrown new light on women’s ability which has been neglected and found their voices.

초고층 빌딩에 적합한 조명 시스템의 필요조건을 도출하기 위한 문헌 연구

염정덕(廉正德) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2013 조명.전기설비 Vol.27 No.1

「가시 장미」(“Briar Rose”) 동화를 바라보는 두 가지 관점―롤로 메이의 “창조적 기다림”과 앤 섹스턴의 “불면증”

염정인 한국현대영미시학회 2023 현대영미시연구 Vol.29 No.1

This study aims to examine two perspectives on rewriting fairy tales by comparing Dr. Rollo May’s “Briar Rose Revisited” in The Cry for Myth with Anne Sexton’s “Briar Rose” in Transformation. May analyzes myths and fairy tales in The Cry for Myth as a clinical psychologist. His “Briar Rose Revisited” particularly evaluates the value of revisited fairy tales in terms of the perspective of growth and healing. Meanwhile, Sexton rewrites the final half of the poem “Briar Rose” with “insomnia” totally. Sexton’s “Briar Rose” features her modern sense of human suffering and existence. May reinterprets Briar Rose’s sleep of one hundred years in terms of “creative waiting.” In the meantime, Sexton reproduces the final part as an unprecedented “insomnia” and gives Briar Rose a harsh, creative voice. Two writers approach the typical story on their own terms, while both of them seem to think highly of the “rewriting fairy tale” as a vehicle in order to examine modern men’s spiritual crisis in common. The painful existence in danger can be recreated as a concrete myth to make our awareness of life alive. Comprehensively, this paper aims to discuss two perspectives on reinterpreting the controversial final part of Sexton’s “Briar Rose” in an effective way. .

셰이머스 히니의 「장소 감각」과 21세기적 장소 감수성: 『디스트릭트 노선과 써클 노선』(District and Circle)을 중심으로

염정인 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2022 영미연구 Vol.54 No.-

This paper analyzes Seamus Heaney’s poems in District and Circle, in terms of Heaney’s ‘Sense of Place’ which was the title of his lecture given in the Ulster Museum and later included in his selected proses Preoccupations. This study focuses on how his prose and poems can be connected to other 21st century’s works trying to reinterpret the ‘sense of self,’ inspired by various places, human spirit, eventually. It can lead to the possibility of rediscovering Heaney’s well-known prose, “Sense of Place” which has been mentioned repeatedly. First, some poems in District and Circle show how the ‘sense of place’ nourishes the ‘sense of self.’ They present the process of recomposing specific and private stories relating the place. Each poem divining private places, stories and experiences owes its universality to the strategy of language which delivers the fundamental human sense of being unsettled and insecure. Secondly, Heaney’s sequence sonnets “District and Circle” presents how established metaphor of ‘subway’ fluctuates and grows into private metonymy serially. This study analyzes five sequence sonnets which shows the process of retrieving personal ‘resurrection’ in the most public place through daily unrest and mental breakdown. This analysis examines how Heaney’s poems in District and Circle can be adapted to the sense of place and self in this new era. Consequently, other 21th centuries’ works are mentioned and referred, in terms of verifying Heaney’s contemporary sensibility. 본 논문은 히니의 2006년 시집 『디스트릭트 노선과 써클 노선』에 실린 표제 시 「디스트릭트 노선과 써클 노선」 및 여타의 시를 그의 1977년 얼스터 박물관 연설인 「장소 감각」 시론과 연결 지어 분석해보려는 시도이다. 또한 히니 연구에서 자주 언급되어온 히니의 「장소 감각」을 동시대 여러 작품의 21세기적 ‘장소 감각’과 연결 지어 새롭게 조명하는 계기를 만들어봄이 본 연구의 목적이다. 이에 21세기에 발표되거나 주목받는 여러 문화권의 작품에서 히니의 2006년 시집의 장소 감각과 연결될 수 있는 부분을 참고하고 언급하고자 한다. 본 논문은 이 시집을 기억의 무작위성, 설명의 불확실성, 장소의 유동성 등에 근거하여 장소 감각 및 자아 감각의 발상의 전환을 다루었다는 점에서 설명할 것이다. 이로써 2006년에 발표된 히니의 이 시집이 동시대의 장소 감각과 자아 감각, 나아가 장소와 관련된 타인에 대한 공감의식까지 포괄하는 21세기적 감수성으로 확장할 수 있는 가능성을 타진해보고자 한다.