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여경우 ( Yeo Kyung-woo ) 대한영어영문학회 2005 영어영문학연구 Vol.31 No.4
This paper examines to analyze open-ending method in Henry James' Novels, especially in The Portrait of Lady. To close the novel James employs two methods. One is a series of staged farewell scenes Within each of these farewells, the heroine Isabel Archer discovers herself through experience, and she chooses a future that defines the ending of the novel. The other is the appended scene between Henrietta and Goodwood which achieves an artistic distance from the emotional intensity of Isabel's last encounter and provides an overview of the preceding events, just as an epilogue. But instead of closing off the issues, it opens them out once again. All these methods are to represent the illusion that life continues indefinitely. (University of Incheon)
여경우 ( Yeo Kyung-woo ) 대한영어영문학회 2004 영어영문학연구 Vol.30 No.1
This study examines that 'silence' as an instrument of communication is often more effective and important in Henry James's The Portrait of a Lady (1880) than verbalization. 'Silence' is defined here as the lack of speech, the locus of silence where speech is delayed, or concealed by the narrator of by the character. The lack is filled in by gestures, facial expressions or eye contacts. James uses silence not only as a medium of significant expression but also as a strategy for structuring the plot. In The Portrait of a Lady, the element of silence-- silent, implied gestures, the fragmented and uncompleted speech, and mute, static objects are her food for imagination. Whereas such figures as Osmond, Merle try to use silence as tools of manipulation. They conceal their reality beneath the brilliant surface. Here the reader must commit himself to active reading with imagination, thereby being aware of the questions the text raises. Finally James lets Isabel Archer have “a fine consciousness” after passing through the suffering and recognition. James frequently and effectively uses silence The Ambassadors, and The Golden Bowl which contributes to the development of method of such modern novelists as James Joyce, Virginia Woolf. < University of Incheon >
헨리 제임스의 연구 : 어제와 오늘 Past and Present
여경우 신영어영문학회 1998 신영어영문학 Vol.11 No.-
Henry James was neglected, even ridiculed, towards the end of his career. But as soon as he died he was praised by T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound as ‘a prominent intelligence.' In the 1920's James was attacked harshly by Brooks, Forster, and Muir, and finally the critical harshness arrived its highest point when Orlo Williams argued that James disdained man's natural passion. But in this period Percy Lubbock had a fair comment on James as a forerunner of modern techniques such as ‘scene,’ ‘picture,’ and ‘point of view.’ In the 1930's James recovered his popularity a little. Kelly, Rouke and Blackmur had an eye to James's works in a right way. And during the mid-century James's study had been in its prime being called the “James boom.” He was beginning to be considered as one of the ‘great English novelists’ by F. R. Leavis, and praised as a forerunner of international awareness by Matthiessen. In the late 1950's James took a firm position as a writer. Even though in the 1960's Geismar's attack on James and his critical defenders was far and away the most vicious since Brooks, and books on specific subjects had been numerous in the 1970's and 1980's. Some dealt with themes, others with techniques, still others with special theses. A number of recent critics concentrate on his affinities with Modernists: among them are S. B. Purdy, S. Perosa, and S. Hutchinson. And James's greatness comes from the duration of his career and volume of his productions, the clarity of his characters, and the mixture of tragic and comic intuitions in his works.
여경우 한국 헨리제임스 학회 1997 헨리 제임스 연구 Vol.- No.2
It has been noted that Henry James had been unconsciously pragmatised by William James's thought. According to William, pragmatism is a way of thinking and it is a method of settling metaphysical disputes by way of mediating. One can find William's pragmatism in the early period of Henry James to his late years. Especially in The Ambassadors, one of his four major works, Henry James made a culmination in by using pragmatism. Strether gropes for finding Chad's true partner in Paris. Sometimes he misjudges and soon corrects his mistakes, and finally finds out the truth of 'virtuous attachment' by way of his mental process: assimilation, validation, corroboration, and verification.' Furthetmore, Strether is gifted with a Coleridgean secondary imagination which is also William's. In short, pragmatism in Henry James's works can be defined as an attempt to discover the value of an idea by examining its effects in human life.
여경우 한국 헨리제임스 학회 1996 헨리 제임스 연구 Vol.- No.1
In Henry James novels such male characters as Rowland Mallet, Ralph Touchett, and John Marcher show evasive gestures to women when confronted with marriage problems. So many accuse James of avoiding the passion of love. But nowadays critic like Philip Sicker defends James's love as a passion of showing, as in James's symbolic observation, 'the boots and shoes that we see in the corridors of promiscuous hotels, standing, often in double pairs, at the doors of room's more than actual descriptions of sexual encounters. In The Portrait of a Lady, Ralph Touchett who is passive in his every day life always only watches Isabel Archer's life without showing any direct love. His habitual desire is to maintain distance between himself and the object of his adoration, Isabel. By doing so, he is able to keep his love-image perfect. Ralph loves Isabel indirectly and treats her not as an object but as a true beauty. Though some argue Ralph interferes in Isabel's life, he shows his generous love disinterestedly by way of bestowing his money to her in order to meet her requirements of imagination. Finally he confesses his true love on his death bed. In conclusion, Ralph's expression of his love style becomes a virtual definition of 'living.' For example, it is his love for Isabel alone that prolongs his ife; it is Strether's fascination with Madame de Vionnet in The Ambassadors that inspires his impassioned advice of 'live, live all you can.' Thus James portrays love as an image worshiped in the mind. A courtly lover does not love an actual woman, but rather a feminine ideal that crystalizes his dream of being in love.