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Comparisons of Must and Have-to from a Discourse-Pragmatic Perspective
Su Jin Eom(엄수진) 언어과학회 2003 언어과학연구 Vol.25 No.-
English modal auxiliaries have been the subject of analyses from various perspectives. This paper attempts to verify some of the claims previously suggested in the literature regarding the semantics of the two modal auxiliaries, must and have-to. A discourse-pragmatic perspective has been adopted, and the verification is based on the real-life data, i.e., a television show transcript corpus. From the analyses most of the claims have been confirmed, despite the fact that one of the claims, i.e., the differential degree of agent - commitment, could not be validated for its idiosyncratic reasons. It has been shown that have-to and must signify necessity; that have-to and must may signify deonticity; that must signifies epistemicity, while have-to is less likely to do so; and that have-to prefers subject-animacy. In addition to verification of these claims, another notable observation is that these two modals are participating in the formation of discourse markers, though they are in their incipient stages, newly acquiring a discourse-pragmatic function of speaker-stance setting in the discourse, in the form of `I must say` and `I have to say`, with the former being less frequent. Another noteworthy observation is that there are instances, albeit m i d in number, where the two modals appeared without a subject, which is an intriguing phenomenon in a subject-oriented language. This seems to be attributable to the fact that these two modal verbs are participating in the formation of epenthetical forms marking the speaker`s epistemic stance. However, since the corpus utilized here has limitations in terms of its size and genre-specificity, these observations must await further research for validation.
Grammaticalization of Quasi-Modal Auxiliaries
Su Jin Eom(엄수진) 언어과학회 2003 언어과학연구 Vol.24 No.-
The goal of this paper is to offer a new account of English quasi-modal auxiliaries, be going to and have to from a grammaticalization perspective. This paper provides an overview of the theory of grammaticalization, including its characteristics, important mechanisms, and its three tentative stages. Grammaticalization is a process that creates new grammatical categories, usually involving a full lexical word that eventually changes into a grammatical function, and a less grammatical meaning that gradually changes into a more grammatical meaning. Bemuse of the complexity of the semantic changes that occur during grammaticalization, no single mechanism can be used to explain all phenomena and therefore a range of mechanisms is proposed. These include metaphor, inference, generalization, semantic bleaching, metonymy, subjectification, analogy and reanalysis. Many of these mechanisms are simultaneously related to the grammaticalization of be going to and have to. By studying the pathways and mechanisms of the grammaticalization process of these words, we can gain a more cogent explanation as to why quasi-modal auxiliaries take their present form and meaning. The application of grammaticalization theory in a comparative analysis of be going to vs. will and have to vs. must, enables us to see the respective similarities and differences in form and function of quasi-modal auxiliaries versus modal auxiliaries.