참장어(뱀장어) Anguilla japonica 양어장(養魚場)에서의 아질산(亞窒酸) 중독(中毒)에 의한 Methemoglobin증(症)과 병리조직학적(病理組織學的) 변성(變性)

양한춘,전세규,Yang, Han-Choon,Chun, Seh-Kyu 한국어병학회 1991 한국어병학회지 Vol.4 No.1

가온(加溫) 양어장(養魚場)에서 자란 참장어(뱀장어) Anguilla japonica의 병리조직학적(病理組織學的) 변화(變化)와 Methemoglobin증(症)에 대(對)해서 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 양어장(養魚場)의 수질(水質)은 수온(水溫) $22.0{\sim}29.0^{\circ}C$, DO 4.33~7.33ppm, pH 6.1~8.2, $NO_2$ - N 0.03~10.1ppm의 범위(範圍)였다. 2. 조사(調査) 대상(對象)인 참상어는 외관상(外觀狀)으로는 활력(活力)이나 체색(體色) 및 혈액(血液)에 이상(異常)이 없었고, pH 6.0 정도(程度)로 낮은 양어장(養魚場)이 참상어는 체표면(體表面)에 점액질(粘液質)이 많았으며 점착력(粘着力)이 컸었다. 3. Methemoglobin양(量)은 12월(月)에 총(總) 적혈구(赤血球)의 1.03~9.86%, 6월(月)에 5.05~25.69%였으며, 변형적혈구(變形赤血球)의 양(量)은 12월(月)에 5.83~30.17%, 6월(月)에 8.67~74.45%로서 Methemoglobin이나 변형적혈구(變形赤血球)의 출현량(出現量)이 다 같이 하계(夏季)에 많은 증가(增加)를 보인 것은 양어장(養魚場)의 물 관리(管理)가 겨울철에도 좋지 못했지만 여름철에 더 좋지못했다는 결과(結果)인 것 같다. 4. 아가미, 간(肝) 및 신장(腎臟) 조직(組織)은 조사(調査)한 양어장(養魚場) 전체(全體)에서 중급(中級) 이상(以上)의 부종증상(浮腫症狀)을 보였고, 3월(月)과 6월(月)에 아가미는 2차새변 상피세포(上皮細胞)(호흡세포((呼吸細胞))의 박리(剝離)가 일어나는 심(甚)한 변성(變性)을 보인 양어장(養魚場)에 많아졌으며 간장(肝臟)은 핵농축(核濃縮)이나 동공화(洞空化)된 세포(細胞)가 많아졌고 신장(腎臟)은 대다수(大多數)의 양어장(養魚場)에서 혈철증(血鐵症)이 생겼다. 5. 아질산(亞窒酸) 농도(濃度)가 높은 양어장(養魚場)에서 Methemoglobin이 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)은 있었으나 반드시 일치(一致)하지는 않았고, pH가 6.0 정도(程度)로 낮은 양어지(養魚池)에서는 아질산(亞窒酸) 농도(濃度)에 관계(關係)없이 Methemoglobin과 변형적혈구(變形赤血球)의 출현량(出現量)이 대체(大體)로 증가(增加)했으며 아가미, 간(肝) 및 신장(腎臟) 조직(組織)의 퇴행성(退行性) 변성(變性)이 심(甚)했다. Histopathological changes and methemoglobinemia of the eels (Anguilla japonica) reared at six culture farms in the vicinity of Y$\check{o}$su city were investigated under the conditions of $22.0{\sim}29^{\circ}C$, 4.33~7.33ppm of D.O., pH 6.1~8.2 and 0.03~10.1ppm of nitrite from December, 1989 to June, 1990. All of the eels showed no any abnormal state in action, color and blood, but the eels reared in pH 6.0 had planty of mucus and stickiness on their body surface. Methemoglobin levels were 1.03~9.86% of total erythrocyes in Dec. and 5.05~25.69% in June, and poikilocyte levels were 5.8~30.17% in Dec. and 8.67~74.45% in June. These results indicate the fact that the water management of the culture farms was worse in summer than in winter, even though not good in winter. Hypertrophy was found in the gill, hepatic and kidney tissue of the eels in all the culture farms. In March and June, Fish of all culture farms appeared the detachment of gill lamella epithelium cells, pyknosis and sinusoids of nucleus in the hepatic tissue and hemosiderosis in the kidney tissue. The trend of increase in methemoglobin levels appeared in the fish of culture farms with high nitrite concentration, which didn't appear equally in all the culture farms. However, in the culture farms of pH 6.0, methemoglobin and poikilocyte levels were increased independently of concentration of nitrite, and degeneration in the tissue of the gill, liver and kidney was also appeared.

포르말린과 중성포르말린 약욕한 어류의 Formaldehyde 잔존량 측정과 병리학적 관찰

조재권,양한춘,Cho, Jae-Kwon,Yang, Han-Choon 한국어병학회 1996 한국어병학회지 Vol.9 No.2

이 실험에서는 조피볼락을 대상으로 중성 formalin과 formalin으로 약욕하여 잔존량과 잔존기간 및 병리 조직학적 변화를 관찰하고 온도가 미치는 영향에 대해서 알아보았다. formalin 과 중성 formalin의 잔존량은 $15^{\circ}C$일 때 약욕 직후 약간의 차이를 제외하고는 별다른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 잔존기간은 수온 $15^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$은 조건에서 각각 72 hr과 24 hr으로 온도의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 어체에 미치는 독성은 중성 formalin보다 formalin이 강하게 나타나고 수온과 농도가 증가 할수록 조직에 미치는 영향이 심해졌다. formalin 약욕으로 인하여 아가미 조직에서는 부종과 상피세포의 박리, 뒤틀림, 괴사증상이 그리고 간에서는 부종과 핵농축, 공포화 현상이 나타나고 신장에서는 수증성 퇴행적 병변과 세뇨관 상피세포의 과립화 중상, 괴사가 일어나고 피부에서는 점액 세포의 증가와 표피의 괴사 및 피하조직과 진피층의 균열이 나타났다. In this study, Residue of formaldehyde and histopathological changes in formalin and neutralformalin in treated fish(Sebastes schlegeli) were observed at two different temperatures(15 and $25^{\circ}C$). Immediately after in treatment, residue of formaldehyde in formalin treated fish was show little bit higher than in neutral-formalin treated fish at $15^{\circ}C$. But, there is no difference at water temperature $25^{\circ}C$. The elimination of formaldehyde was markedly temperature-dependent. The approximated withdrawal time were 72hr and 24hr at water temperature 15 and $25^{\circ}C$. Formalin was more toxic than the neutral-formalin at the same condition. Intensity of tissues damage was increased with increasing concentration of chemical and temperature. Formalin and neutral-formalin treatments caused edema and seperation of epithelium, winding of secondary gill lamella, necrosis in the gill ; congestion and pycnosis, vacuolation in the liver ; hydropic and granulated degeneration, necrosis of epithelial cells in the proximal renal tubule ; increasing mucus cells, cracking, necrosis of epidermis and dermis in the skin tissue.

여름철 한국 남해연안 어장에 출현한 浮遊性卵 및 仔稚漁 分布

Kyeong Ho HAN(韓景鎬),Kyu Jung CHOE(崔圭檉),Han Choon YANG(梁漢春),Yong Uk KIM(金容億) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 1997 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.6 No.-

This study was carried out during the period of July 24~30, 1997 in order to obtain the information of the surface distributional features of ichthyoplankton in the adjacent waters of South Sea. The dominant fish eggs included the eggs of Engraulis japonicus, Maurolicus mullen and others. The eggs of Engraulis japonicus and Maurolicus mullen were 99.88% and 0.11% of the total eggs abundance, respectively. Nineteen taxa of pelagic larvae were collected. Among them 12 taxa were identified to the species level, and 7 taxa to the genus level. The domninant species was Engraulis japonicus accounting for 86.37% of the total larvae and followed by Gnathagnus elongatus (2.94%). Other major species were Argyrosomus argentatus (1.46%), Gobiidae spp. (1.23%), Paralichthys olivaceus (1.09%) and Auxis spp. (1.02%). These 6 taxa constituted 94.11% of the total larvae collected. The species diversities were low as E. japonicus eggs and larvae were predominant.

인공어초 사업에 대한 고찰

고남표(Nam Pyo Ko),양한춘(Han Choon Yang) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 1996 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.5 No.-

Since 1971, marine division period started, the artificial reef installation work of our country has been propelled, is very important fishery undertaking. Because we have confronted with the problem that exclusive economic zone declaration between our nation and japan, we,ll have to magnify and strengthen artificial reef installation. Considering the fact that appearance of epiphytic and floating organism increas in even more than depth of 40m water area, artificial reef installation should be more expand into a deep sea. I think that it is a very appropriate management which dice artificial reef became a main type and all the hulk reef installation were using wrecked ships interrupted from 1992. 26,678Ha artificial reef fishery prepared from 1971 on 1986, and depth of 30m installated sea area ought to be repair by research on the actual condition of fault and burying reef.

Histopathological study of chronic nitrite toxicity on the japanese eel , Anguilla japonica ; Plate 1 ~ Plate 4

전세규(Seh Kyu Chun),양한춘(Han Choon Yang) 한국어병학회 1992 한국어병학회지 Vol.5 No.2

N/A N/A

뱀장어 養鰻場의 플랑크톤 組成 및 出現量에 關한 硏究

Kyung Soo KIM(金景洙),Han Choon YANG(梁漢春) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 1997 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.6 No.-

This study was carried out to examine the on plankton species composition and standing crops in three eel culture tank, which lies at Yochun kun, Chunnam province. In the experimintal eel culture tank, it was found that optimal rearing water temperature was 27~30℃. When dinal difference of temperature fluctuate more than 3℃, feeding condition was very precarious and feed loosing rate was increased. DO need to keep beyond at 4.5㎎/L each concentration of nitrite should maintain less than 10.0ppm under high temperature and pH. In addition, pH level must always keep optimal range(6.0~8.0) steadily. Aproprite phytoplankton population in culture tank of eel was about 7.25×10⁵cell/L. High density of population(above 7.25×10⁵cell/L) was result in unfavorable water quality. Most of appearanced species(phytoplankton) were composed of hypernutrition species, and dominant species(Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabana spiroides) were profitable for brown-water making by blooming in summer. Zooplankton(Brachionus sp., Daphnia sp.) appeared about more than 15 ind./L under less than 5.5 pH level and water change was occur in this condition. Experimental culture tank of eel under water temperature 27~29℃, DO 3.5~7.6ppm, pH 6.0~8.4, appearance of plankton 60 species, density of plankton 7.25×10⁵~7.25×10⁷cell/L, showed most faborable feeding condition. In this tank, dominant plankton was blue-green algae(Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena spiroides, Coelosphaeriun kutzingianum) which created brown-water making, and although zooplankton, Brachionus sp. was appeared about less than 5 ind./L water change not happened.

아질산의 만성중독증에 의한 참장어의 병리조직학적 연구

전세규(Seh Kyu Chun),양한춘(Han Choon Yang) 한국어병학회 1992 한국어병학회지 Vol.5 No.2

The research was carried out to examine the chronic toxic effects of nitrite on the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica by neans of histological observations. Young eel, 10.8g mean body weight. were exposed to 6 different concentrations of nitrite(1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40ppm) for 10 weeks. Each concentration was treated under 5 different levels of pH(5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 and 7.5) and each of these treatment was tested at 2 different temperature regimes(25℃ and 30℃). Proper concentration of nitrite was made by NaNO₂ and proper pH levels were made by the combinations of 0.1M KH₂PO₄ and 0.1M NaHCO₃. Histopathological test of gill tissues were made along with the test of the formation of thrombocystes and chloride cells on the gill filaments. At the lower pH levels, mucus secretion from the gill was incrased as the nitrite concentration increased. As the level of nitrite increased the number of chloride cells on the gill filament were decreased. Most of the remained chloride cells were observed only at the terminar part of the gill filament at 40ppm of nitrite. Degeneration of gill tissues were observed when nitrite levels were over 10ppm along with detachement and sweption of the epithelial cells of the gill lamellae. Shrunken gill lamellae and formation of thrombosis in the capillaries of gill lamellae were also observed. When temperature goes higher at the higher level of nitrite, necroses in the gill lamellae was increased. At the lower than 10ppm of nitrite, degeneration of gill lamellae was occured at the beginning of the test period but regenerated later. Negative effects of nitrite on the growth of young eel was started between 5∼10ppm at the pH level of 7.0 and 7.5. Thrombosis formation were also started at this level. The safety concentration of nitrite at the pH levels of 7.0 and 7.5 on the small eel seems to be 1ppm. Thrombosis and gill lamella detachment and necrosis in the gill capillaries were not observed at this level. Chloride cells were appeared the whole part of the gill filament.

남해 양식산 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus) 치어에 기생한 스쿠티카 섬모충(scuticociliatids) 동태 및 구제에 관하여

최상덕,김진만,김성연,조용철,최광규,양한춘,Choi, Sang-Duk,Kim, Jin-Man,Kim, Sung-Yeon,Jo, Yong-Chul,Choi, Koang-Kyu,Yang, Han-Choon 한국어병학회 1997 한국어병학회지 Vol.10 No.1

1997년 1~2월 사이 저수온기에 남해안 일대의 육상수조식 넙치종묘배양장에서 원생충 스쿠티카 섬모충을 분리하여 이들의 감염률 및 in vitro내 사멸실험을 하였다. 스쿠티카 섬모충은 넙치의 아가미와 체표 점액질 부분에서 60%로 가장 높게 감염되었고, 뇌조직에서는 22%로 가장 적게 감염되었다. 기생된 부위는 출혈과 함께 점액이 다량 분비되었고, 궤양도 형성되었다. 넙치 종묘배양장의 사육 원수, 상층수, 저층수에 있어서 스쿠티카 섬모충의 검출량은 각각 0~1, 0~413, $7\sim7.3{\times}10^4$ 마리/$100m{\ell}$이었다. 사육수조내 저층수의 스쿠티카 섬모충이 사육 원수 및 상층수보다 훨씬 많이 검출되었다. 이 기생충의 사멸된 농도와 시간은 포르말린 및 과산화수소 50~500 ppm에서는 2시간 이내에 모두 사멸되었으며, 10 ppm에서는 48시간만에 전멸되었다. 담수 10~70%에서는 48시간 이내에 전혀 사멸되지 않았으며, 담수 100%에서는 10분만에 완전 사멸되었다. 그리고 천연물질 울리고키토산 50~500ppm에서는 1시간 이내에 모두 사멸되었으며, 10 ppm에서는 80분이내에 사멸되었다. We investigated on the prevalence and extermination of scuticociliatids parasitic on cultured japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus in land-marine tank system of southern Korea from January to February in 1997. The gills and the skin showed the highest infection rate(60%), and the brain showed the lowest(22%). Also, fish secreted large quantity of mucus with a bleeding and ulcerated lesions on the infected sites. The number of the parasites in inflowing sea water, surface water and bottom water of farming tank ranged 0~1 individuals/$100m\ell$, 0~413 individuals/$100m\ell$ and $7\sim7.3{\times}10^4$ individuals/$100m\ell$, respectively. This parasite was died within 2 hours in 50~500 ppm, 48 hours of 10 ppm formalin or hydrogen peroxide, 1 hour in 50~500 ppm, 80 minutes of 10 ppm oligo chitosan and 10 minute in 100% but did not died until 48 hours in 10~70% fresh water.

참전복, Haliotis discus hannai 유생발생 및 채묘에 미치는 아연독성

서대철(Dae Chol Seo),최상덕(Sang Duk Choi),라성주(Sung Ju Rha),양한춘(Han Choon Yang),서해립(Hae Lip Suh) 한국수산과학회 양식분과 1999 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.12 No.3

납작벌레의 구제에 관하여 : 고수온기에 있어서의 표백분(CaOCl2) 처리 Calcium hypochlorite ( CaOCl2 ) treatment in the period of high water temperature

양한춘 한국수산학회 1974 한국수산과학회지 Vol.7 No.3

1972年 6月부터 1973年 2月 사이에 굴을 食害하는 납작벌레類(Stylochus ijimai, Pseudostylochus obscurus)의 漂白粉에 依한 半數致死濃度(TLm値) 및 驅除濃度와 藥劑處理된 굴의 成長度를 調査하였다. 1. 漂白粉에 依한 半數致死濃度(TLm値)는 處理水溫이 높아지거나 處理時間이 길어짐에 따라 各各 낮아졌다. 2. 稀釋海水의 比重이 높아지면 漂白粉의 作用性이 弱하여져서 半數致死濃度(TLm値)가 높아졌다. 3. 굴 養殖場에서의 驅除濃度는 淡水에서의 半類致死濃度(TLm値)에 比하여 2.4∼7.1倍 以上 높았다. 4. 납작벌레의 驅除濃度에서 處理된 굴의 成長은 支障이 없었다. Polyclads (Stylochus ijimai and Pseudostylochus obscurus) which damage oyster were treated with calcium hypochlorite to determine the TLm concentration. In this experiment the TLm and the extermination density as well as the growth of the oyster after the treatment were checked with following results; The higher the temperature and the longer the period of the treatment is, the lower the TLm is. The greater the concentration of sea water is, the higher TLm is because of the weakened action of calcium hypochlorite. When the oyster is treated by calcium hypochlorite at the oyster farm, its extermination concentration is 2.4-7.1 times higher than that of TLm in fresh water. The growth rate was not affected after the treatment.