제주지역의 유우사육과 낙농경영에 관한 조사연구 : II. 제주도 낙농농가 및 목장의 실태조사 II. The Actual Feeding and Managerial Condition of the Dairy Farmhouseholds and Ranches

양창범,양승주,오성환,조덕준 한국낙농학회 1990 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.12 No.2

濟州地域의 酪農産業은 草地와 氣候 等이 自然的 條件과 牛乳의 需要에 比하여 절대적으로 供給이 不足한 狀態에 있는 與件 및 地域産業의 均衡的 發展과 住民所得 增大 等을 考慮할때 必須的으로 育成 發展시켜야 할 必要性이 있으나 이에 對한 調査硏究는 매우 低調한 實情에 있는 點을 堪案하여 1987年 7月부터 1988年 7月까지 1年동안 濟州道의 酪農現況을 調査하고 115個 搾乳牛 飼育農家를 對象으로 地城別 規模別로 酪農農家의 實態를 調査分析하므로서 濟州地域 乳牛飼育과 酪農經營에 關한 基礎資料를 마련코져 本 硏究를 遂行하였는바, 그 第2報로서 道內 酪農農家 및 牧場의 一般分析과 飼育現況 및 施設設備 現況에 對한 調査分析結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 一般槪況 經營主의 人的事項을 보면, 女性經營者가 擡頭되고 있고, 陸地部에서는 젊은 新規酪農가들의 增加가 顯著하나 濟州地域의 境遇 41∼51歲로 長年層이 많고, 學歷은 高卒이상이 75%로서 높은 水準이나 過去보다는 低下되고 있었다. 酪農前職業은 一般農業이 67.1%로 제일 높았으며, 가장 큰 規漠(D:31頭以上)에서 公務員 等 比農業前職이 많았다. 酪農經歷은 新規比率이 높아져가고 있는 陸地部와는 달리 6∼9年의 經歷이 가장 높았으며, 調査農家의 67.1%가 兼業酪農形態였고, 經營主가 牧場에 常住하는 農家는 87.7%였다. 平均家族數는 4.75人이고 牧夫는 農家當 In Cheju island, it is positively neccessary that we have to bring up and develope the dairy industry in order to increase the resident's income and develope the local industry. But the study and investigation for this subject are very rare and inactive. In this study, we surveyed and analyzed the actual feeding and managerial condition of the 73 dairy farm households kept milking cows for one year, from 1987, 7 to 1988, 8. We carried out these study in order to get the fundamental data and information about feeding and management of dairy cattle raised in Cheju area. The results are summarized as follows: The average ages of dairy farm owners were 41 to 50 years old. This is higher level than that of mainland's farmers. 75% of the dairy farmers graduated from high school or college. The former occupations of the dairy farm owners were agriculture(67.1%) and so on. Dairy Farming career of the farmers was 6-9 years and this is longer than that of mainland's farmers. 67.1% of investigated farmers have a subsidiary business and 87.7% of dairy farm owners worked for 24 hours at their dairy farm. These two kinds of levels are higher than those of mainland's dairy farm owners. The average feeding size per farmer was 9.48 heads. The management records of their dairy farms were rarely kept. The total numbers of dairy cattle raised in Cheju area were 2,163 heads in 1987, 11 and 2,753 heads in 1988, 5. The dairy cattle herds were composed of 11-27.6% calf, 40.9-50.2% multipara cow and 31.2-33.9% milking cow. The component ratio of multipara and milking cow was very low. The number of dairy cows per feeding farm as 19-24 heads(8.7-9.8 head in multipara). This is more than that of the mainland. But this ratio is also low and is not proper. The yearly increasing ratio of dairy cattle was 19.3% and was much higher level than that of mainland. 81.5% of cows had an easy labor but 13.8% of cows were dystocia. The cause of death and culling was mainly reproductive disorder and desease. The average area for dairy farm was 30,290 pyong per farm and 1,844 pyong per mature cattle. The ratio of rent area was high level(24.7%). The farm land was composed of 32.4% forage crop field, 36.1% improved grassland, 23.5% wild grassland and 1.6% stock yard and building site. The farm building, facilities and equipments were more unreasonable and lower than those of mainland except silo. The actual condition of large and small instruments(tractor, milker, cooler etc.) was better than those of mainland and was much improved, compared with the condition of 10 years ago.

입자도가 다른 제주 화산암 분말(Scoria) 급여가 돼지의 성장, 도체특성 및 분성분에 미치는 영향

양창범,고서봉,조원탁,한인규,Yang, C. B.,Ko, S. B.,Cho, W. T.,Han, In K. 한국축산환경학회 2005 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Scoria의 입자도를 달리하여 양돈사료내 첨가급여시 돼지의 성장효과, 사료이용성, 도체 특성 그리고 분중의 주요 오염물질인 질소와 인의 함량에 미치는 영향을 비교하기 위하여 시 험을 실시하였다. 대조구(기초사료)와 대조구 사료의 $3\%$ 수준을 500, 1,000, 1,700 ${\mu}m$로 제조된 scoria로 대체하여 배합된 사료로 나누어 급여한 처리 등 모두 4처리를 두어 143일간 사양시험을 실시하였는데 각 처리당 3반복(반복당 male 4, 거세돈 3두)으로 총 84두의 이유자돈을 완전임의 배치하였다. 시험종료 후 전두수를 축협공판장(등급판정소)에서 돼지등급판정 기준에 의해 도체등급을 조사하였고, 육색은 Chromameter를 사용하였으며, 분중의 질소와 인의 함량은 A.O.A.C 분석법 (1990)에 따라 분석하였다. 이러한 방법에 의해 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 자돈기에는 scoria 첨가구 모두가 대조구에 비해 증체량이 낮았고, 사료요구율은 높았으며 육성기에는 scoria 입자도 $1,700\;{\mu}m$ 급여구가 증체량 및 사료효율이 가장 높았고, 비육기에서는 $1,000\;{\mu}m$ 입자도 첨가구가 일당증체량이 높고 사료요구율이 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 전기간($0{\sim}143$일) 동안을 비교하면 scoria 입자도 $1,000\;{\mu}m$가 증체량 및 사료효율면에서 $1,700\;{\mu}m$ 보다 유리하였다. 2. 도체중은 모든 scoria 첨가구가 유의적 (P<0.05)으로 높았으나, scoria 입자도간 차이는 없었다. 그리고 등지방두께는 처리간 차이가 없었고, 도체등급에서 A+B 등급인 상등급 출현율은 대조구에 비해 scoria 첨가구가 월등히 증가하였으며, scoria 입자도간에는 $500\;{\mu}m$가 A등급 출현율이 가장 높았다. 3. 돼지고기의 육색은 명도(L값)의 경우는 대조구가 약간 높았으나 $1,000\;{\mu}m$ 및 $1,700\;{\mu}m$ 입자도와는 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 적색도(a값)는 scoria 입자도 $1,000\;{\mu}m$ 급여구에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 황색도(b값)에서는 처리간 차이가 없었다. 4. 분중의 총질소 함량은 육성기에서 scoria 입자도 $1,000\;{\mu}m$ 급여구가, 비육기에서는 scoria 입자도 $1,700\;{\mu}m$ 급여가 가장 감소효과가 컸고, 인의 함량은 자돈기에서 scoria 입자도간 차이는 없었으나, 육성기와 비육기에는 각각 $1,700\;{\mu}m,\;1,000{\mu}m$의 scoria 입자도에서 배설량 감소효과가 낮았다. The effect of different particle sizes of scoria inclusion in weanling-growing-finishing diets on growth performance and carcass quality was investigated in this study. Treatments were the control (basal diet), and 3 scoria treatments with different partical sizes (500, 1,000, 1,700 ${\mu}m$, respectively) in which $3\%$ of basal diet was replaced by scoria. This study was carried out for 143 days using 84 pigs. Each treatment has 3 replicates (4 gilts and 3 barrows per pen). 1. During nursery period, all scoria treatment levels showed poor Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency compared to the control. During growing period, The ADG and feed efficiency of pigs fed the $1,000\;{\mu}m$ swine treatment tended to improve. For the whole growth period (d 0-143), $1,000\;{\mu}m$ scoria treatment showed significantly higher (P<0.05) ADG and feed efficiency than the $1,700\;{\mu}m$ scoria treatment. 2. Carcass weight was higher in all of scoria treatment levels Either the control (P<0.05), while backfat thickness was unaffected among treatments. Carcass Grade A or B grade appearance was more evident in all of scoria treatments compared to the control. 3. Hunter L value was numerically higher in the control while there was no significant differences among the control, $1,000\;{\mu}m$ scoria and $1,700\;{\mu}m$. Hunter a value was highest (P<0.05) in $1,000\;{\mu}m$ scoria, while Hunter b values were not influenced by the scoria treatment levels. 4. The different scoria treatment levels reduced N and P excretion. For growing period, $1,000\;{\mu}m$ scoria was most efficient in reducing N excretion, while during the finishing period, $1,700\;{\mu}m$ scoria was the best. The P excretion was affected by scoria particle size during growing-finishing periods rather than weanling period. The above findings indicated that the inclusion of different scoria partical sizes in nursery diet resulted to adverse effects on growth performance in contrast to the growing finishing diets wherein the growth performance and carcass quality were not affected. Finally, scoria regardless of particle size proved to be effective in reducing N and P excretion and can be considered an environment friendly mineral source for growing-finishing hog diets.

재래닭의 연구현황과 금후과제

양창범 대한양계협회 1994 월간 양계 Vol.26 No.4

돈사내 환경을 쾌적하게 하기 위한 사양관리 방법

양창범,Yang, Chang-Beom 대한양돈협회 1999 養豚 Vol.21 No.11

통합적인 관리로 복잡한 요인들을 해결

양창범 대한양계협회 1992 월간 양계 Vol.24 No.1

1순위/가축분뇨 자원화 - 가축분뇨 자원화를 위한 제언

양창범 대한양돈협회 2005 養豚 Vol.27 No.7

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양창범 대한양돈협회 2005 養豚 Vol.27 No.1

환경친화적 양돈산업 구현을 위한 발전방향

양창범 대한양돈협회 2000 養豚 Vol.22 No.1

수의과학 R&D 사업에 대한 소고(小考)

양창범,Yang, Chang-Beom 대한수의사회 2009 대한수의사회지 Vol.45 No.2

기고 - 계란콜레스테롤에 대한 이해

양창범,Yang, Chang-Beom 대한양계협회 2012 월간 양계 Vol.44 No.12