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양석우,정혜진,최지영,김기호 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.23 No.6
The objective of this research is to figure out the evolution and trend of greenway planning recently introduced to improve quality of urban environment by researching foreign cases of greenway planning. Especially we have focused on multi-purpose, urban greenway types which have been developed from single-purpose greenway such as ecological and environmental purpose. The result of this research showed that, greenway network in urban area can be achieved not by simple connection but by three elements that are techniques of network and physical design elements, planning and operation system. When these three elements run as one whole system, the function of urban greenway could work in substance. This system could be said "greenway network system". Therefore, in order to build greenway network system, firstly we should use networking methods such as using linear facilities, existing roads and sidewalks, and design method integrated to redevelopment on the site in terms of physical aspects. Secondly we need to make an integrated greenway masterplan and its action plan in terms of planning system. Finally we need to facilitate the partnership between public and private sectors by organizing independent and private, not-for-profit groups in terms of social aspects.
양석우,곽동화 대한건축학회 2014 Architectural research Vol.16 No.3
South and North Korea, the divided nations on the Korean peninsula, began with the same modern city planning system, but following the adoption of different national ideologies—capitalism and socialism—, they established their own city planning system and developed their cities accordingly. However, the process of planning and developing a joint city of Kaesong Industrial Complex (KIC) led to the recognition about the need to bridge the differences and prepare for future joint development. This study examines North Korea’s city planning system by comparing the two Koreas’ systems, and identify the characteristics of North Korea’s city planning system through a case analysis of the KIC. By comparing two cases, we found two distinct characteristics of North Korea’s. The one is a tool for realizing ideologies and maintaining national system. The other one is that it is ideology-oriented system for the supreme leader and party while South Korea has control-oriented system for the public. We analyze the KIC case based on four pillars: planning system, development system and procedure, master plan, and use behaviors. Result of analysis shows that in KIC there are many socialistic features as we mentioned above in terms of planning system, urban design & structure, and use behavior even though a private enterprise-Hyundai Asan, in South Korea led the whole process. This study is meaningful in that it identifies the specific characteristics of North Korea’s city planning focusing on the KIC and is expected to serve as a baseline material to set the future direction for North Korea’s development.
Do Helper T Cell Subtypes in Lymphocytic Thyroiditis Play a Role in the Antitumor Effect?
양석우,강성호,김경래,최인홍,장항석,오영륜,홍순원 대한병리학회 2016 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.50 No.5
Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is frequently accompanied by lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT). Some reports claim that Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (the clinical form of LT) enhances the likelihood of PTC; however, others suggest that LT has antitumor activity. This study was aimed to find out the relationship between the patterns of helper T cell (Th) cytokines in thyroid tissue of PTC with or without LT and the clinicopathological manifestation of PTC. Methods: Fresh surgical samples of PTC with (13 cases) or without (10 cases) LT were used. The prognostic parameters (tumor size, extra-thyroidal extension of PTC, and lymph node metastasis) were analyzed. The mRNA levels of two subtypes of Th cytokines, Th1 (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interferon γ [IFN-γ], and interleukin [IL] 2) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10), were analyzed. Because most PTC cases were microcarcinomas and recent cases without clinical follow-up, negative or faint p27 immunoreactivity was used as a surrogate marker for lymph node metastasis. Results: PTC with LT cases showed significantly higher expression of TNF-α (p = .043), IFN-γ (p < .010), IL-4 (p = .015) than those without LT cases. Although the data were not statistically significant, all analyzed cytokines (except for IL-4) were highly expressed in the cases with higher expression of p27 surrogate marker. Conclusions: These results indicate that mixed Th1 (TNF-α, IFN-γ , and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-10) immunity might play a role in the antitumor effect in terms of lymph node metastasis.
Fabrication of $YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7-x}$-Ag Composite Superconductors by Pyrophoric Synthetic Method
양석우,김찬중,홍계원,신형식,Yang, Seok-U,Kim, Chan-Jung,Hong, Gye-Won,Sin, Hyeong-Sik Materials Research Society of Korea 1998 한국재료학회지 Vol.8 No.12
$YBa_2$$Cu_3$$O_{7-y}$ (123) 초전도체에서 은 입자의 미세분산을 얻고자 말릭산을 사용한 발화합성과 고상반응법으로 123와 123-Ag 복합 초전도분말을 제조하였다. 발화합성분말을 원료로 사용할 시 마이크론 미만의 미세한 123 분말과 은 분말의 복합체를 얻을 수 있었다. 원료로 사용된 산화은($Ag_2O$) 분말은 발화합성과정 중금속 은으로 환원되었다. 원료분말에 첨가된 금속 은에 의한 반응 물질간의 확산 촉진으로 123상이 단시간내에 생성되었고 입자성장도 촉진되었다. 발화합성법으로 제조한 시편은 기계적 혼합공정으로 제조한 시편에 비해 은 입자들은 미세하게 분산시킬 수 있어서 초전도체의 임계전류밀도가 향상되었다. To obtain fine dispersion of Ag particles in $YBa_2$$Cu_3$$O_{7-y}$ (123) superconductors, 123 samples were made by pyrophoric synthetic method using malic acid and the subsequent solid- state reaction. As the pyrophoric synthetic powder was used as a precursor material, fine 123 powder of submicron size was produced in a short reaction time. The added $Ag_2$O was converted to metallic Ag during Pyrophoric reaction and it accelerated both the formation of 123 phase and the grain growth via the enhanced mass transfer. The Ag particles of the sample sintered using the pyrephoric synthetic powder were more finely dispersed in the 123 matrix, compared to those of the sample sintered using the mechanically mixed powder, attributing to the improvement of the superconducting properties.
양석우,이나영,김소열,Suk Woo Yang,Na Young Lee,So Youl Kim 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.9
Purposes: To evaluate the effect of cycloplegia on the visual acuity and stereopsis according to the refraction and age. Methods: This study included 112 eyes of 56 patients, which were divided into three groups according to the refraction. The best corrected visual acuity and stereopsis were compared between without and with cycloplegia in all groups according to age. Results: After cycloplegia, at near, naked visual acuity decreased in 0.53 logMAR, average and stereopsis also deceased from 93 seconds to 343 seconds. At far, the naked and best corrected visual acuity had less decreased than near visual acuity. At near, there was no significant difference on the degree of decreased visual acuity and stereopsis according to refraction, but in emmetropic patients, the visual acuity at near significantly decreased. Patients younger than ten years old had more decreased visual acuity at near compared with older than forty-five years old. Conclusions: After pupil dilatation, there significant decreased near visual acuity and stereopsis, there was little change at far. The degree of decreased vision was different according to the refraction and age, therefore it would be helpful to explain the anticipating result.