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Cytosine Arabinoside 유도된 PC12 세포의 사망 경로
양보기,양병환,채영규,Yang, Bo-Gee,Yang, Byung-Hwan,Chai, Young-Gyu 대한생물정신의학회 1998 생물정신의학 Vol.5 No.2
Cytosine arabinoside(AraC) inhibits DNA synthesis and ${\beta}$-DNA polymerase, an enzyme involved in DNA repair. This, a potent antimitotic agent, is clinically used as an anticancer drug with side effect of severe neurotoxicity. Earlier reports suggested that inhibition of neuronal survival by AraC in sympathetic neuron may be due to the inhibition of a 2'-deoxycytidine-dependent process that is independent of DNA synthesis or repair and AraC induced a signal that is triggers a cascade of new mRNA and protein synthesis, leading to apoptotic cell death in cultured cerebellar granule cells. The present study would suggest whether caspase family(ICE/CED-3-like protease) involved in AraC-induced apoptosis pathway of PC12 cells. It was observed that treatment of PC12 cells with AraC led to decrease of viability by MTT assay and morphology changes, which did not suggest that AraC induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. The mRNA of caspase-1/caspase-3 were expressed in PC12 cells constitutively, and AraC did not activate caspase family. These results suggest that caspase-1/caspase-3 may not be required for AraC-induced cell death pathway in PC12 cells.
Regulatory Eosinophils in Inflammation and Metabolic Disorders
양보기,서주영,장명호 대한면역학회 2017 Immune Network Vol.17 No.1
Eosinophils are potent effector cells implicated in allergic responses and helminth infections. Responding to stimuli, they release their granule-derived cytotoxic proteins and are involved in inflammatory processes. However, under homeostatic conditions, eosinophils are abundantly present in the intestine and are constantly in contact with the gut microbiota and maintain the balance of immune responses without inflammation. This situation indicates that intestinal eosinophils have an anti-inflammatory function unlike allergic eosinophils. In support of this notion, some papers have shown that eosinophils have different phenotypes depending on the site of residence and are a heterogeneous cell population. Recently, it was reported that eosinophils in the small intestine and adipose tissue, respectively, contribute to homeostasis of intestinal immune responses and metabolism. Accordingly, in this review, we summarize new functions of eosinophils demonstrated in recent studies and discuss their homeostatic functions.
Alterations in Gut Microbiota and Immunity by Dietary Fat
양보기,이명식,허규연 연세대학교의과대학 2017 Yonsei medical journal Vol.58 No.6
Gut microbiota play critical physiological roles in energy extraction from the intestine and in the control of systemic immunity, as well as local intestinal immunity. Disturbance of gut microbiota leads to the development of several diseases, such as colitis, inflammatorybowel diseases, metabolic disorders, cancer, etc. From a metabolic point of view, the gut is a large metabolic organ and one of the first to come into contact with dietary fats. Interestingly, excessive dietary fat has been incriminated as a primary culpritof metabolic syndrome and obesity. After intake of high-fat diet or Western diet, extensive changes in gut microbiota have been observed, which may be an underlying cause of alterations in whole body metabolism and nutrient homeostasis. Here, we summarizerecent data on changes in the gut microbiota and immunity associated with dietary fat, as well as their relationships with the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. These findings may provide insight into the understanding of the complex pathophysiologyrelated to the development of metabolic diseases and offer an opportunity to develop novel candidates for therapeutic agents.
경쟁적인 RT-PCR에 의한 흰쥐 뇌 c-fos 유전자의 발현 양상 분석
양보기,채영규 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 1999 이학기술연구지 Vol.1 No.-
자극에 따른 흰쥐 뇌 c-fos 유전자 발현 변화 양을 정량적으로 검출하기 위하여, 저자들은 선조체, 대뇌피질, 해마, 및 소뇌에서 조직을 취하였다. 흰쥐에서 분리된 각각의 뇌 조직에 RT-PCR 반을을 수행하였다. 뇌 조직에 따른 전체 RNA당 각각 발현된 c-fos Mrna 양은 소뇌가 143, 대뇌피질이 24, 해마가 38, 그리고 선조체가 44 atto mole/㎍이었다. In order to detect the quantitative amount of change of c-fos gene expression after stimuli in the rat's brain, the author obtained brain specimens from the striatum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Each brain was removed from the rat, then RT-PCR was perfromed. Each amount of c-fos expressed mRNA per total RNA was cerebellum 143, cerebral cortex 24, hippocampus 28, and striatum 44 amole/㎍, respectively.
Cyclosporine 신경독성의 뇌 자기공명영상 소견
양보성 대한영상의학회 1998 대한영상의학회지 Vol.39 No.6
Purpose : To analyze the MR findings of cyclosporine-induced neurotoxicity in patients receiving high dose ofcyclosporine and to suggest the possible pathogenetic mechanism. Materials and Methods : The cases of sevenpatients (2 males, 5 females ; 18-36 years old) who suffered seizures after receiving high-dose cyclosporine forbone marrow transplantation due to diseases such as aplastic anemia or leukemia were retrospectively reviewed. Weevaluated the location and pattern of abnormal signal intensity seen on T2 weighted images, the presence ofcontrast enhancement, and the changes seen on follow-up MR performed at intervals of 12-30 days after initial MRin five of seven patients. We analyzed levels of blood cyclosporine and magnesium, and investigated the presenceof hypertension at the site of the seizure. Results : Locations of the lesions were bilateral(n=5),unilateral(n=2), parietal(n=6), occipital(n=6), temporal(n=4), and in the frontal lobe(n=3). Frontal lesionsshowed high signal intensities in the borderline ischemic zone of the frontal lobe between the territory of theanterior and middle cerebral arteries. In six of the seven patients, cortical and subcortical areas includingsubcortical U-fibers were seen on T2-weighted images to be involved in the parietooccipital lobes. Only one of theseven showed high signal intensity in the left basal ganglia. All lesions showed high signal intensity onT2-weighted images, and iso to low signal intensity on T1-weighted. In five of seven patients there was nodefinite enhancement, but in the other two, enhancement was slight. In four of seven patients seizures occurredwithin high therapeutic ranges (250 - 450 ng/ml), while others suffered such attacks at levels below thetherapeutic range. After cyclospirine was administered at a reduced dosage or stopped, follow-up MR images showedthe complete or near-total disappearance of the abnormal findings previously described. Only two patients hadhypertension, and the others normotension. Five of the seven had hypomagnesemia(1.3 -1.74 mg/dl; N : 1.9 -3.1mg/dl). Conclusion : Most patients with cyclosporine neurotoxicity showed high signal intensity in the corticaland subcortical areas of the parietooccipital lobes, including subcortical U-fiber, as seen on T2 weighted images,and no abnormal enhancement after Gd-DTPA injection. These MR findings should be helpful for the diagnosis ofcyclosporine neurotoxicity.
The Analysis of a Feminist Film : The Associate
양보람 이화여자대학교 인문과학대학 영어영문학과 2001 Minerva Vol.- No.28
"Congratulations, you have admitted a first female member of Pi Bodi Club!" This is how the movie, The Associate, winds up at the end. For a female viewer like me, it is a highly delightful and satisfying comic "feminist film". It is true some people would just like to enjoy the spirit of film itself, rather than to differentiate, analyze and then classify into a certain film. But sometimes it is necessary to acknowledge the theme and the meaning the film conveys. Thus I dare categorize it as a "feminist film". A feminist film can be any of these: a particular autobiographic story of a woman, or of motherhood, or of friendship between the ladies, or of gender discrimination, or of a career woman, or of containing all of these. Whatever or however the films are made, most of the time, it is about fighting and struggling to survive, whether the opponent would be herself of the others.