상석권의 세계: 주네의 『엄중한 감시』와 연상호의 〈돼지의 왕〉

안영순 ( Young Soon Ahn ) 韓國世界文學比較學會 2013 世界文學比較硏究 Vol.42 No.-

The aim of this article is to study on the hierarchic structure of power and the aspects of the struggle for precedence among the alienated in Haute surveillance(The Deathwatch) (1947), Jean Genet``s first play, and 〈The King of Pigs〉(2011), Yeon Sang-ho``s first feature animation. In Haute surveillance, the drama takes place in prison. Three handsome young prisoners share the same prison cell, which is the center of the action -- Yeux-Verts, a condemned murderer; Lefranc, a soon-to-be-released convict; and Maurice, an effeminate adolescent. The scene opens on an argument between Lefranc and Maurice, in which Yeux-Verts has intervened. Thus, the triangular relationship among the three men is established. Lefranc plays at being a great murderer by strangling Maurice, in order to belong to the world of Yeux-Verts and perhaps to that of the super-murderer Boule de Neige. But, like Maurice, Lefranc is the victim of a treacherous destiny. Since he has willed his crime, since he has chosen it rather than allowing it to choose him, he has failed completely. And he realizes at the end of the play, "I really am all alone!" In short, to reach to the Nomination and order of Boule de Neige and Yeux-Verts which symbolize the bourgeois or technocrat, in this play, Genet showed the oppressed can inherit only from the dominant ideology of the ruling class. In 〈The King of Pigs〉, Hwang Kyung-min calls Jung Jong-suk up for a reunion after 15 years of mutual silence. At their middle school, they were classified by their wealth and grades. Hwang and Jung, at the bottom were called pigs. They were abused and humiliated by a ruling class called dogs, whose tyranny is fully condoned by the teachers. But they couldn``t do anything against the dogs. Then a king of pigs, Kim Chul, appears and becomes their idol. As a hero, Kim wholly disturbs the status quo. This film searches many subtle class gradations in Korean society and shows how it corrupts human interaction. The dramatic conflict, in 〈The King of Pigs〉, doesn``t come from the opposition between the two opposing classes, but from among the oppressed. To cause the ruling class a trauma, Kim committed suicide in public. But far from having effect on them, his attempt results in his death. So Kim couldn``t grow into a powerful substance as a confronting mechanism against the ruling powers, but remains in the level of the illusion of pseudo-power for the own consolation of the oppressed. In short, Haute surveillance and 〈The King of Pigs〉 emphasize that the alienated need the solidarity and class consciousness for the settlement of the problem of inequality between classes.

장 주네의 <발코니>와 미셸 오슬로의 <키리쿠와 마녀>에 나타난 가면놀이

안영순(Ahn, Young-soon) 한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소 2005 외국문학연구 Vol.- No.20

The purpose of this article is to analyze the aspects of power of masquerade in Jean Genet's Le Balcon (The Balcony) and Michel Oslot's Kirikou et la Sorcière (Kirikou and the Sorceress). In these works, a serious consideration of the correlation between the power and the public is reflected. The order of the dominators to which the oppressed have aspired - the government, the sacred functions, the administration, the army etc. - is revealed as a masquerade based on the role-playing in Le Balcon. As far as the oppressed could not make the creative idea, their revolt always results in failure. The revolt and the order are two roles in the same masquerade. In a little village somewhere in Africa, a boy named Kirikou is born in Kirikou et la Sorcière. But he's not a normal boy because he knows what he wants very well. Also he already can speak and walk despite of his young age. His mother tells him how an evil sorceress has dried up their spring and devoured all males of the village except one. Hence, little Kirikou decides that he will accompany the last warrior to the sorceress. Due to his innocence and wisdom, he reveals the natural shape of the sorceress' power as a mask. These two works show how the power without reality is a fake image controls the unconsciousness of the public deeply. In conclusion, Jean Genet's Le Balcon and Michel Oslot's Kirikou et la Sorcière might be a remarkable study on the mentality of the public paralyzed by the interior oppression.

서사담론의 변화와 관객성

안영순(Ahn, Young-soon) 한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소 2009 외국문학연구 Vol.- No.35

The purpose of this article is to study the aspect of transformation of narrative structure and characters, and how the change of narrative discourse is related to the spectatorship in Modern Boy, a popular novel by Ji-min Lee and <Modern Boy>, a film adapted and directed by Ji-woo Jung. In the novel, the writer describes minutely and vividly the transition of Hae-myeong Lee's personal desire, and depicts the process in which he sinks into the world of ‘small talk’ of ‘one-dimensional man’, instead of joining in his fiancée's ‘big talk’. And using the mystery structure in which ‘Terror Park’ reveals himself as a fictitious character at the dénoument, the writer succeeds in bringing out reader's immersion and identification. Transforming the novel into a Bildungsroman film, the director made him to assume her ‘big narrative’ in virtue of his love. Unlike the novel, the fundamental dramatic conflict comes from constant antagonism between her ‘macro-discourse’ and his ‘micro-discourse’ in the film. But in the process of adaptation, the voice of director failed to correspond with spectator's sensibility of the times, and to communicate with desire of the public in the present age. In spite of some excellent aesthetic results, such as filmic expression of narrative process by costume and music motif, the film ends in a commercial failure caused by imperfection of melodramatic basis between the two lovers and lack of dramatic reality and verisimilitude. 본 논문에서는 이지민의 소설 『모던보이』가 정지우 감독의 영화 <모던보이>로 각색되면서, 내러티브의 구조와 캐릭터가 변용되는 양상을 살펴보고, 이러한 서사담론의 변화가 수용의 문제와 어떻게 맞물리는지를 연구하기 위해, 먼저 원작소설과 영화의 내러티브 구조를 분석하고, 이어서 원작소설의 인물들의 캐릭터와 역할이 영화에서 어떻게 변화하고 있는지를 살펴보고, 끝으로 이를 토대로 소설과 영화의 미학적 성과와 함께 수용의 측면에서 작가와 감독이 2000년대 대중과 어떻게 소통했는지를 분석했다. 원작소설에서는, 1930년대 식민지 공간 경성을 배경으로, 주인공 이해명이 신임 총독 취임식 이틀 전부터 취임식 전날 밤까지의 이틀 동안 조난실을 추적하는 긴박한 과정을 다룬 일차 서사를 축으로 하여, 그와 난실의 계속된 만남과 헤어짐, 그리고 추적과 재회의 일련의 과정이 이차 서사로서 소급제시의 형태로 부단히 개입된다. 작가는 이러한 비연대기적 서사 방식과 더불어 주인공과 독자들에게 정보를 지연시키는 전략을 구사하며, 모든 의문과 수수께끼가 집약된 곳인 문화구락부를 해명이 찾아가는 마지막 종착지로 설정함으로써 독자들의 호기심과 기대감을 증폭시키고 있다. 그리고 소설은 이해명이 벌이는 사랑이라는 개인의 욕망의 흐름을 쫓아가며 그것의 추이를 세밀하고 생동감 있게 묘사하면서, 그가 자신의 욕망을 성취한 후에는 난실의 ‘큰 이야기’에 결코 합류하지 못하고 결국은 그의 본성이라 할 ‘일차원적 인간’의 ‘작은 이야기’에 함몰되어버리는 과정을 미묘한 심리 변화의 포착과 섬세한 묘사, 그리고 결말부에서야 테러 박이라는 가공의 인물의 정체가 드러나는 미스터리 구조를 사용함으로써 독자를 소설의 세계로 끌어들이는데 성공하고 있다. 그렇지만 감독은 이 소설을, ‘일차원적 욕망’의 수준을 결코 벗어날 수 없었던 해명이 난실에 대한 사랑 때문에 그녀의 ‘큰 이야기’를 뒤이어 떠맡는 인간으로 변모하는 성장 영화로 각색했다. 그렇기 때문에 영화의 기본 갈등 구조는 소설에서와는 달리 난실의 거대 담론과 해명의 미시 담론의 대립에서 나온다. 그러나 영화에서 해명이 그렇게 변할 수 밖에 없는 근거가 되는 난실과의 멜로드라마의 토대가 충분히 구축되고 있지 못하기 때문에 개연성과 극적 긴장이 떨어지고 있다. 그리고 영화에서 두 인물이 처한 당대의 식민성을 표현함에 있어, 해명을 쇠똥과 자신의 피로 더렵혀질 수밖에 없는 하얀 슈트를 통해서 묘사하고, 난실을 얼굴 없는 가수로 설정하여 <개여울>이라는 음악 모티프를 축으로 내러티브를 끌어간 것은 매우 독창적이고 뛰어난 미학적 성취임에도 불구하고, 영화의 상업적 실패는 결국 해명의 캐릭터와 두 연인의 멜로드라마의 토대 구축이 충분하지 않아 관객의 동화와 몰입을 방해하면서 드라마의 리얼리티와 핍진성이 어느 정도 훼손된 점에 기인한 것으로 보인다.

다이애나 윈 존스 소설 『하울의 움직이는 성』의 미야자키 하야오식 변용

안영순(Ahn Young-soon) 한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소 2006 외국문학연구 Vol.- No.23

The purpose of this article is to study Miyazakian style transfonnation by analyzing the aspects of adaptation between a famous feature animation, <Howl's Moving Castle>(2004l of Hayao Miyazaki, the mogul of Japanese anima and an English fantasy novel, Howl's Moving Castle0986l of Diana Wynne Jones. Plot summary of this film is as belows: A young woman named Sophie is cursed by the Witch of the Waste, turns into an old woman, and is unable to tell anyone of her plight. Unable to continue her job at her mother's hat shop, she goes to the ambulatory castle of the notorious wizard Howl and insinuates herself into his household. Sophie befriends Calcifer, the fIre demon who powers the castle and who is bound to Howl by a contract, the tenns of which Ca1cifer cannot reveal. They promise to help each other with their problems. Like Ca1cifer, Howl can also see through the Witch's spell, and he and Sophie fall in love. Sophie helps Howl confront his fonner teacher, and the Witch of the Waste. In this fIlm, Miyazaki tells his tale outside the parameters of common storytelling. He takes liberties with everything, telling it how he wants it to be told, and at first it is a little strange because of the failure of recognition of classic plot points we are so used to seeing. This fIlm is one of his best, abundant in rich imagination and delightful characters set in a world of fantastical sights and sounds, where everyone has a fly-machine, and wizards walk among the common folk. <Howl's Moving Castle> is riddled with classic Miyazaki: strong women characters, open landscapes, flying machines, and the horridness of war. These add strength to the love story of Howl and Sophie. Miyazaki uses his wonderful power to take classic, almost mythological and fairy tale stories we all know, and archetypal characters and make them his own, until we don't even recognize the stories we have hear a thousand times, and it feels as if we are seeing and hearing them for the first time. He does this with a host of wonderful characters. More strange creatures play prominent role here then any other his film. This feature animation surpasses even <Spirited Away>(2001) in sheer scope and majesty. There is Ca1cifer, the wonderfully comic fire demon, on Turniphead, the Scarecrow that leads Sophie to Howl's magical moving castle. The castle itself is one reason to see the film. Miyazaki succeeds in giving the castle personality. It lumbers along on its thin chicken-like legs, everything pushing, pulling, pumping and gyrating in perfect synchronization.

가토 전방내 혈액흡수에 미치는 Aspirin 의 효과에 관한 실험적 연구

안영순(Young Soon Ahn) 대한안과학회 1982 대한안과학회지 Vol.23 No.4

인문영재교육과 상상력: 생-텍쥐페리의 인간의 대지를 중심으로

안영순 ( Young Soon Ahn ) 순천향대학교 2009 순천향 인문과학논총 Vol.24 No.-

Recently in Korea, the education of humanities for the gifted and talented has become a matter of concern and interest. The purpose of this study is to examine three phases of the imagination as a motive of creative thinking-formal imagination, material imagination and dynamic imagination. The three phases are referring to the theory of Gaston Bachelard whose most important work is on poetics and on the philosophy of science. This study will analyze several concepts on `Man` that Antoine de Saint-Exupery presented through his experience and imagination in Terre des Hommes(Wind, Sand and Stars). Antoine de Saint-Exupery(29 June 1900 31 July 1944) was a French writer and-aviator. He is most famous for his novella The Little Prince, and is also well known for his books about aviation adventures, including Night Flight and Wind, Sand and Stars. He was a successful commercial pilot pre-war, joining the Armee de l`Air (French Air Force) on the outbreak of war, flying reconnaissance missions until the armistice with Germany. Following a spell writing in the United States, he joined the Free French Forces. He went missing on a reconnaissance flight over the Mediterranean in July 1944. Terre des Hommes (Land of Men) is a memoir by Antoine de Saint Exupery published in 1939. This work is probably an excellent example of the embodiment of dynamic imagination. The pilot and philosopher recounts several episodes from his years flying treacherous mail routes across the Sahara and the Andes. The central incident details the 1935 plane crash he survived in the Libyan Sahara Desert, between Benghazi and Cairo. Saint Exupery, and his navigator Andre Prevot, are left almost without water and food, as chances of finding an oasis or help from the air gradually decrease. The book illustrates the author`s view of the world and his opinions of what makes life worth living. His ideas and concepts such as metier(duty), relation, communication, community, self-realization and `l`Homme` (`the Man`) form his macroscopic and cosmic vision which could be helpful for an educational system that cultivates creative men.

< 슈렉 > 에 나타난 패러디 전략과 그 효과

안영순(Young Soon Ahn) 문학과영상학회 2001 문학과영상 Vol.2 No.2

Sherk uses parody as a basic structure of the work strategically. Often called ironic quotation, pastiche, appropriation, or intertextuality, parody is usually considered central to postmodernism, both by its detractors and its defenders. For artists, the postmodern is said to involve a rummaging through the image reserves of the past. According to Linda Hutcheon, the collective weight of parodic practice suggests a redefinition of parody as repetition with critical distance that allows ironic signalling of difference at the very heart of similarity. And as a form of ironic represenrarion, parody is doubly coded in political terms: it both legitimizes and subverts that which it parodies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure and effect of parody in Shrek. The opposition between [swamp - Shrek] and [Duloc - Farquaad] functions as a metaphor of the relation between [DreamWorks SKG - Jeffrey Katzenberg] and [Walt Disney Company - Michael Eisner]. And the princess Fiona who mediates between the two, is created as a double-faced character. She acts on the typical paradigm of Disney`s fairy tales, but, on the other hand, is an active heroine who has ability to apprehend the inner world of the ogre. Upsetting our expectation, she marries not the Lord but the ogre, and besides, is not metamorphosed into a beauty in spite of her lover`s kiss. Borrowing Disney`s narrative strategies and inverting them thoroughly, Shrek mocks and doubts the authority of the Disney. Finally, the ethos of parody in this work is to introduce and to subvert the grammar and ideology of the Disney. And so, this parodic strategy is a method not only to overcome the Disney`s Kingdom but to search a way for the post-Disney. Shrek shows us an example of a postmodern parody as a self-reflexive mode.

67예의 안검하수 수술에 대한 통계적 고찰

안영순 , 이태수 ( Young Soon Ahn , Tae Soo Lee ) 대한안과학회 1979 대한안과학회지 Vol.20 No.3

애니메이션에 나타난 『보물섬』의 변용

안영순(Ahn Young-Soon) 한국만화애니메이션학회 2006 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.10

본 논문에서는 로버트 루이스 스티븐슨의 소설 『보물섬』 이 극장용 장편 애니메이션영화 두 작품, 데자키 오사무의 〈보물성〉과 그리고 론 클레멘츠와 존 머스커의 〈보물성〉에서 어떻게 변용되고 있는 지를 캐릭터를 중심으로 분석하였다. 원작소설은 어른이 된 주인공 호킨스가 1인칭 화자의 시점에서 지난날의 모험에 대해 회상하는 형식으로 서술하고 있는데, 모험의 여정에서 실버가 보여준 끊임없는 변절에 대한 그의 마지막 소회에 비춰볼 때, 실버는 단순히 호킨스를 ‘모험의 중심’에 서게한 요인으로서 성장소설에서의 방해자 또는 장애물 역할에 충실했다고 볼 수 있다. 그런데 데자키 감독은 원작소설의 실버에서 사악하고 교활한 악당으로서의 성격을 아주 악화시켜서, 그를 악역임에도 불구하고 소년 호킨스와의 긴밀한 유대감을 통해 소년의 성장과정에 가장 큰 영향을 끼친 영웅으로 부각시킨다. 그는 미지의 세계로 떠나는 모험을 통해 피어나는 어린 시절의 호킨스와 실버 사이의 우정을 뛰어난 2D 영상으로 재현하였다. 이 영화는 “충실한 각색”의 훌륭한 하나의 예로서, 소설의 영상적 번역이라고 하겠다. 그러나 디즈니의 〈보물성〉에서는 원작소설과 데자키의 영화와는 달리, 어른이 된 호킨스가 과거를 회상하는 프롤로그를 아예 없애고 그의 나이도 사춘기의 청소년으로 설정해서, 상처입기 쉽고 예민한 호킨스가 아버지의 부재로 인한 마음의 상처와 십대의 불안을 극복하는 과점을 현재화시키고 있다. 물론 원작소설에서 실버와 호킨스 간의 어떤 끈이 전혀 존재하지 않은 것은 아니지만, 이 영화에서는 실버와 호킨스의 관계가 전면에 부각되어 있다. 따라서 이 영화가 주는 메시지는, 호킨스가 단지 눈에 보이는 보물을 발견하는 것으로 끝나는 것이 아니라, ‘내면의 보물’ 다시 말해서 ‘그가 무엇을 할 수 있는지, 그가 누구인지, 그리고 그가 어떤 사람이 될 수 있는지’를 찾아내는 데 있다. 그래서 디즈니의 〈보물성〉은 십대 소년 호킨스의 모험을 통해서 그가 자기 자신의 진정한 가치를 발견하는 과정을 보여주었다. 이러한 점에서 이 영화는 애니메이션영화에서 “변형적 각색”의 모범적 사례 가운데 하나라고 하겠다. The purpose of this article is to study the aspects of transformation of Treasure Island(1883l, Robert Louis Stevenson′s novel in two feature animations 〈Treasure Island〉(1987) of Osamu Dezaki and 〈Treasure Planet〉(2002) of Ron Clements and John Musker by analyzing characters. In the original novel, as a typical wicked villain and traitor, Long John Silver functioned as an obstacle in Jim Hawkins′ Bildungsroman. And Osamu Dezaki laid great emphasis on the friendship between Jim and Silver. His 〈Treasure Island〉 might be an excellent example of the faithful adaptation. But in Disney′s 〈Treasure Planet〉, from initial mistrust, to friendly co-worker, to mentor and protege, and finally, to mutual rescuers, Jim and Silver have created a permanent bond that can never be broken their coming together has changed both their lives forever. Jim′s voyage of searching for treasure is not just for the discovery of material riches unimaginable but also for the discovery of his own true worth. Making the Silver/Jim relationship more focused, Jim ends up discovering not just an obvious treasure; he discovers an inner treasure. From this viewpoint, this feature film could be an outstanding transformative adaptation.

다카하타 이사오의 리얼리즘 연구

안영순(Ahn, Young-soon) 한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소 2007 외국문학연구 Vol.- No.27

이 논문에서는 다카하타 이사오가 추구해온 ‘일상의 리얼리즘’의 완성을 보여주는 작품이라 할 수 있는 <반딧불의 묘>를 중심으로 그의 리얼리즘 예술관의 특징과 의미를 연구하였다. 다카하타의 리얼리티는, 시대의 상황과 배경을 정교하게 사실적으로 묘사하고, 과장, 비약, 왜곡, 생략이라는 애니메이션영화 특유의 자유로움으로 캐릭터를 그리지만, 관객들이 캐릭터의 상황 속에 몰입하고 그들의 기억과의 합치를 통해 관객의 일상에서 세부적인 것들, 그들 과거의 사소한 기억 하나하나가 영화 캐릭터의 삶을 통해 개연성을 얻게 되는 데 있다. 실사영화에서처럼 살아있는 배우들의 연기가 없기 때문에 일반적으로 애니메이션영화가 포착하여 표현하기 어려운 미세한 심리와 감정까지도 이 영화가 관객에게 현실보다 더 현실감 있게 전달할 수 있었던 것은 바로, 생명이 없는 불과 물 그리고 소도구들이 캐릭터들만큼이나 훌륭하게 연기를 함으로써 이미지와 소도구의 셔레이드가 역동적인 힘을 발휘했기 때문이다. 그리고 원작 소설에서와는 달리 다카하타는 자신이 작품에 개입하지 않고 세이타와 세츠코의 주관적인 상황을 객관적으로 전달하기 위해서, 주인공의 내레이션의 삽입을 포함하여 주로 원 씬 원 쇼트에 의한 롱 테이크, 아이 레벨 쇼트, 그리고 롱 쇼트를 사용하면서 영화를 다큐멘터리식으로 연출했다. 이처럼 감독은 내레이션을 포함한 다양한 다큐멘터리적인 연출 기법을 통해 죽어버린 세이타의 영혼이 자신이 죽음에 이르기까지의 과정을 객관화시켜 보여준다. 이러한 그의 리얼리즘관은 19세기 사실주의 소설가인 플로베르가 “예술가는 예술 작품을 창조함에 있어 그 표면에 자기 자신이 드러나지 않도록 하는 ‘비개인성’과, 거기서 자기 자신이 느껴지지 않도록 하는 ‘비감동성’을 철칙으로 삼아야한다고 생각한” 소설미학의 영화적 변용이라 할만하다. Grave of the Fireflies, an anime feature directed by Isao Takahata, tells the story of two children, Seita, a 14-year old boy and Setsuko, his 4-year old sister and their uphill struggle to survive the effects of American firebombing in Kobe near the end of World War II. Based on the semi-autobiographical novel of Akiyuki Nosaka, Grave of the Fireflies is a powerful experience that powerfully communicates the strength of the human spirit to carry on against overwhelming odds. The story is told by flashback as the two children are left alone to fend for themselves when their mother is killed in the bombing campaign. When their father is also killed in the Navy, they must struggle against starvation, the cruelty of an aunt they trusted, people's general indifference, and their own pride. Though both children eventually succumb to malnutrition, this work is so lyrical that it creates a magical, dream-like effect. This does not mask the tragedy but makes it all the more poignant. The director, Isao Takahata, obviously has a special resentment of the war, but manages to avoid condemning it outright. The director instead lets us focus in on the conflict as seen through the eyes of the two children, who watch unflinchingly as the realities of their world begin to falter before them. Grave of the Fireflies is a bold statement on the condition of the human soul during conflict. The purpose of this article is to study Isao Takahata's Realism, focusing on Grave of the Fireflies. The animation is both realistic and stylized but that's not the point, the main focus of this film is the character development of the brother and sister protagonists. This film though detailed and indeed beautiful in some sequences (namely relating to the title), is not by any means flashy but captures emotions and interactions between the characters perfectly. By using documentary style mise-en-scène, the director shows objectively the subjective situation of Seita and Setsuko in the middle of the war.