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      • L. V. Beethoven 作曲 32 Piano Sonata에 對한 考察 : 作品 分析을 中心하여 With Emphasis on Analysis

        沈仁攝 同德女子大學校 1983 同大論叢 Vol.13 No.1

        J. S. Bach의 48의 “Das Wohltemperierte Klarier”을 舊約聖書에 比한다면 Beethoven의 32의 Piano Sonata를 新約聖書라 할 程度로 큰 比重을 차지하고 있다. 그는 여러 部門에서 많은 作品을 썼지만 그의 Piano Sonata가 얼마나 重要한 役割을 한다는 것을 가히 짐작할 수 있다. 그는 于先 優秀한 技術(Technology)을 가진 有能한 Pianist였다. 그 때문인지는 몰라도 piano Sonata만 해도 Sonatine를 包含한 36曲을 作曲하였다. 그렇다면 그의 32의 Piano Sonata가 어느程度의 價値가 있어 評價를 받을 수 있는가에 對해 關心을 갖게 한다. 그의 作品을 分析함과 同時에 不斷히 變化한 創作開發의 成長을 考察하려는 것은 意義있는 일이다. Haydn이나 Mozart의 Sonata는 大部分 3rd Movement를 썼지만 Beethoven은 몇 作品을 4 Movement 制로 作曲하였다. 그는 恒時 不斷한 變化를 보이면서 새로운 創造를 開發하였다. 그는 傳統的인 形式을 傳習하면서도 個性的인 世界에 應한 獨特한 形式을 만들어냈다. 그는 生을 通해 Piano를 爲한 作品을 썼으며 그 數에 있어서도 優位를 차지하고 있다. Pigno는 그의 마음의 表現手段으로서 가장 適合 했다. 그의 Sonata는 옛 Style에서 脫皮하여 새로운 技法을 開拓하였다, 따라서 그는 音樂을 단지 感覺的인 藝術이라는 낮은 次元으로부터 人間性의 表現에로 昇華시켰다. 그는 人生을 爲한 藝術을 作曲하였다. 그의 藝術의 價値는 前無後無한 偉大한 藝術家라 하겠다. If the 48 pieces of “DAS WOHLTEMPERIERTE KLAVIER” By J. S. Bach is Compared to the old Testament, the 32 pieces of Pian Sonata by Beethoven may be Compared to the New Testament. Therefore you can imagine how important vole Beethoven's piano sonata plays smong his many works in various musical fields. He was a competent pianist with excellent technology, which seems to explain that he composed 36 pieces of piano Sonata including Sonatine. Here we become in terested in how much value will be placed on bis 32 pieces of piano Sonata. Therefore it is meaningful to analyze his works and to consider the process of his constantly varying method in Composing works. Most pieces of the Sonata of Hayden or Mozart were 3 movements; Some pieces of Beethoven's were 4 morements. Constant variation and new development were his characterstics. In addition to the learning of the traditional types, he developed unique forms Corresponding to his characterstic world. All through his life he composed many works for piano and he placed first also in that number. Piano becam him best as a means of the expression of his mind. He develolped a new technique out of the old style. So he sublimed music To the expression of humanityfrom the low standard of the mere sensuous art. He Composed works for “Life” It may be fairly said that he has been, and will be, autmatching all the others in the artistic value.

      • Alexander Nikolaevich Scriabin의 Piano Sonata No.5 Op.53에 대한 形式 構造 分析 硏究

        심인섭 同德女子大學校 1994 同大論叢 Vol.24 No.1

        Alexander Nikolaevich Scriabin(1872~1915) is a quite unclassifible Russian Composer of the post-Romantic period, one whose music has no connection whatever with the nationalist movement. He had composed twelve sonatas, and among them piano sonata No.5. op.53 which has simple-movement form as well as all succeeding sonatas. This form (simple-movement form) was not bloodmed in Music history, but Domenico scarlati and Franz Liszt already had used it, and composer in 20th century used principles of this form wider and composed more liberal, creative work. Therefore, this study can have a value to search out. Scriabin's piano sonata were developed into one(simple) movement sonata form not only a reduction of movements but also a concentratedone movement form with complex factor of multi movement sonata, these change was appeard in the fifth sonata. In these formatic process, tonality and harmony were changed. Above all, Rhythm and harmony are more important than melody in this sonata. It is a great leap forward, an arrow showing us Scriabin's future direction. The whole structure of this work consist of three section. The first section has several themes, in the second section themes developes two times, in the third quantity of measures is decrease than the first section but figures of themes are strictly recapitulated. Therefore, this work seems to have sonata form. But, a perusal of this work in order shows that it represents a personal evolution idea. This work has four kinds of themes which is made from the same idea. One phrase consist of six or four measures, the exposure and recapitulation of the first theme is symmetrical, the development of theme becoes irregular. The second and third theme are also symmetrical. When they are recapitulated, arrangement form is changed and melody of the theme is not. The fourth theme developes upward as simple figure. Scriain gradually expanded tonality and charateristic harmony progression. After this sonata, he created peculiar harmony called mystic chord was the way of expression of his mysticism and originality. In a long run, all these things Changed through five sonata of late works.

      • Debussy의 印象主義 音樂과 piano 作品 分析에 對한 硏究 : 『Prelude Ⅱ』를 中心으로

        沈仁攝 同德女子大學校 1996 同大論叢 Vol.26 No.1

        Impressionistic music contrary to Romantic music was established by claude Debussy in the latter of 19th century. Influenced by Impressionistic painting, symbolic literature and even the oriental folk music. Debussy developed a entirely new kind of music which was different from traditional technics and styles. His musci produced various tone colors, free and sensitive sonority. In harmony, Debussy used the parallel chords, the 7th, the 9th, the 11th and dissonance without resolution. Also, he used the 5th and bichords. In modes, he used the ancient mode, pentatonium and chromaticism. Using these things, His music could gained emotional power, which listener had never experienced in the past. Tonality seemed the only a simple instrument for him. So it became vague. He used the bass and ostinato repetitively. Debussy's cadences was against the rule-traditional cadence made tonic triad after dominant chord. For the rhythm out of pulse and the irregular division of pulse, he used a non-symmetrical pulse, expanded pulse and syncopation. Debussy's most prevalent from was the ternary form, but it is impossible to say what it was exactly, as its structure was very vague and diversiform. Pedaling and dynamics mark(ex. pp, ppp) gave the pictorial effects on the music and suggestive feeling. "Prelude Ⅱ" shows those characters clearly. He tried to express the sound of various tone and picturesque sense including the abundant materials in a simple style gave us imagination, sensibility and impression. "Preludes" which include the distinctive features of Impressionistic piano music is the essence of Debussy's piano works.

      • KCI등재

        Anti-depressant Effect of Chilbokum Under The Forced Swimming Test in Rats

        심인섭,김정기,구병수 대한한의학회 2006 대한한의학회지 Vol.27 No.4

        Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-depressant effect of Chilbokum on rats under the forced swimming test (FST) Methods : The rats were treated with the herbal extract, Chilbokum. In order to induce depression-like symptoms, the FST was conducted afterwards. The immobility time was measured during a 5-min experimental session. The alterations of the 5-HT level in the hypothalamus and hippocampus and the change of corticosterone level in the blood induced by FST were determined in the rats. Results : The results were as follows: 1. The immobility time during 5 min of FST in the drug administration group showed significant decreases compared with the control group (p<0.05). 2. The FST+ Chilbokum group had significantly increased 5-HT levels of the hypothalamus and hippocampus, compared with the control group (p<0.05, respectively). 3. The FST+ Chilbokum group had significantly decreased corticosterone levels, compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions : These results demonstrate that the reduced immobility time by Chilbokum may be mediated by the increase in 5-HT level in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, suggesting that Chilbokum has a potential therapeutic efficacy for human depression. Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-depressant effect of Chilbokum on rats under the forced swimming test (FST) Methods : The rats were treated with the herbal extract, Chilbokum. In order to induce depression-like symptoms, the FST was conducted afterwards. The immobility time was measured during a 5-min experimental session. The alterations of the 5-HT level in the hypothalamus and hippocampus and the change of corticosterone level in the blood induced by FST were determined in the rats. Results : The results were as follows: 1. The immobility time during 5 min of FST in the drug administration group showed significant decreases compared with the control group (p<0.05). 2. The FST+ Chilbokum group had significantly increased 5-HT levels of the hypothalamus and hippocampus, compared with the control group (p<0.05, respectively). 3. The FST+ Chilbokum group had significantly decreased corticosterone levels, compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions : These results demonstrate that the reduced immobility time by Chilbokum may be mediated by the increase in 5-HT level in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, suggesting that Chilbokum has a potential therapeutic efficacy for human depression.

      • SERGEI PROKOFEV : Piano Sonata No.4 op. 29 硏究

        沈仁攝 同德女子大學校 1989 同大論叢 Vol.19 No.1

        The purpose of this study in understand the musical style of sergei prokofiev(1891-1953) through his piano sonata No. 4. Sergei prokofiev's music has diver musical resources, such as shfting accents in rhythm, chords of addition thirteenth chords. Polytonality, chromatic melody etc, In his expression method there are several remarkable features, For example, he tried out the teehnique that a piano was used as if it were a percussion and he experssed comical and satiric mood. Therefore, when prokofiev's music is studied it should be considered by many sides, as if neither a rabid conservative nor reformist he were. The chance to meet diverse musical background porvided that his music was not biased to his native music, Due to his middle path. His creative volition was not depressed even though there were some restriction of expression result form political ideology. prokofiev's musical is spiced by a sufficient admixture of national and modern features.

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