국가 에너지절약 목표와 경제부문별 추진계획 수립

심상렬,나인강,유승직,임재규,이성근,최병렬,유정식,이태정 에너지경제연구원 2001 에너지경제연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2001 No.-

본 연구는 에너지절약과 국민경제의 상호관계를 살펴보고 있다. 어느 특정 부문에 대한 에너지절약 정책은 해당 부문의 에너지 소비 변화를 가져올 뿐만 아니라 에너지 가격 변화, 해당 부문의 생산 변화, 이로 인한 부문간 생산요소의 재분배를 초래하여 경제 전반에 걸쳐 그 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 에너지절약 정책이 국민경제의 다른 부문에 대하여 무시못할 파급효과를 지니고 있다면 절약정책은 국민경제와의 연관성에 대한 종합적인 효과를 고려하여 수립ㆍ집행되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 이러한 관점을 반영하여 연산일반균형모형을 통하여 국가 에너지절약 목표의 수준, 목표달성을 위하여 중점적으로 다루어야 할 경제부문, 그리고 효과적인 정책수단을 분석하고 있다. 분석 결과, 연구개발투자를 통한 에너지절약 정책은 소득을 증가시키고 에너지 절약을 동시에 달성할 수 있는 소위 「후회없는 정책」으로 판단되어 국가에너지 절약을 위해 우선적으로 시행될 수 있는 정책이다. 연구개발을 통한 에너지절약 정책의 효과적인 경제부문은 에너지다소비산업 및 수송부문으로 분석된다. 재정융자를 통한 에너지절약 정책도 국민소득의 증대를 가져올 수 있기 때문에 후회없는 정책으로 시행될 수 있다. 다만, 재정융자를 통한 에너지절약 정책은 무역수지를 악화시킬 가능성이 존재한다. 재원이 확보되는 한, 재정융자를 통한 절약정책은 에너지다소비 이외의 산업, 수송 및 가정부문으로 상당폭 확대될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 에너지세를 통한 에너지절약 정책은 석유환산 톤당 절감비용이 단위 당 편익가치 약 80,000원을 훨씬 밑도는 수준으로 비용효과적인 정책이다. 그러나 현행 에너지 관련 조세규모가 상당히 높은 수준임을 고려한다면 에너지세 정책을 통해 추가 절약목표를 높게 설정하는 것은 바람직하지 않다. 자동차의 연비기준 강화 및 가정, 상업부문의 전기효율 개선정책은 해당 에너지 사용기기의 가격 인상 여부에 따라 에너지절약 정책 효과가 달리 추정된다. 연비효율 혹은 전력효율 강화정책은 자동차, 전기사용기기의 가격에 주는 영향이 아주 적을 경우에는 고려해 볼 수 있는 정책이 될 수 있다. 에너지절약 정책의 대상 경제부문은 산업, 수송, 가정, 상업 등 경제의 전부분을 망라한다고 볼 수 있으나, 대상 에너지원은 석유에 집중되어 있다. 이는 우리나라의 현 정책이 석유에 대한 수입부과금에 크게 의존 하고 있기 때문이다. 이같은 현실과 분석 결과는 천연가스에 대한 수입 부과금의 규모를 석유수준으로 상향 조정하는 것이 의미있는 정책방향 임을 우회적으로 시사한다. 결론적으로 본 연구에 의하면 에너지절약 정책 중 연구개발, 재정융자에 의한 정책이 상대적으로 우수한 정책으로 평가되었다. 에너지세와 세수환원을 통한 에너지절약 정책은 그 목표를 낮게 설정하여야 할 것이다. 그리고 에너지 효율기준을 통해 에너지절약을 달성하고자 하는 경우 가정, 상업부문보다는 수송부문의 효율향상에 초점을 맞추어 자동차의 가격이 상승하지 않도록 하여 시행하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 판명되었다. This study investigates impacts of energy saving policies on the national economy in Korea. An energy saving policy for a specific sector causes changes in energy consumption patterns of a target sector as well as the others. In addition to its positive bearing on energy consumption, such policy can change energy prices, output, employment, consumer price levels, and resources allocation in the economy. In this context, successful analyses of energy saving policies need to consider such interactions to develop and evaluate the best policy alternatives. Thus, this study employs a Korean computable general equilibrium model to analyze optimal energy saving targets, and corresponding programs for each sector in the economy. The R&D investment policy in the energy sector is the most effective one since it is projected to increase real GNP and GDP, decreasing energy consumption. The policy is accordingly considered as one of so-called no-regret policies. And, the policy is evaluated to be appropriate for the energy intensive industries and transportation sectors. The government loan program for energy efficiency improvement is also predicted to raise GNP although it may have a negative impact on trade balance. And, the policy is observed to be suitable for the transportation and household sectors. An energy saving effort with energy taxation is found to be cost-effective since its marginal cost of energy conservation is estimated to be much lower than about 80,000 won per ton of oil equivalent, the estimated benefit of energy conservation. It is recommended, however, that an additional energy tax be implemented with care, given the high level of existing energy taxes. The effectiveness of energy efficiency standards in the transportation, household, and commercial sectors varies depending on how prices of relevant energy using equipments and appliances change in response to the standards. Energy saving policies are adequately formulated and implemented for all the sectors of the economy while oil products are the most effective saving target sources of energy. This result reflects that existing energy saving policies are mainly financed from the import fee on crude oil. This implies that the import fee on natural gas can be raised to the equivalent level of that on crude oil. In summary, this study suggests that government-sponsored R&D and loan programs are the most appropriate policy options among others. Care needs to be given to an additional energy tax increase for energy saving. This study also recommends that efficiency standard schemes can be implemented when they incur no significant price change in relevant energy using appliances.

관리수준에 따른 생태복원용 자생초화류의 녹화 특성

심상렬 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 2004 産業科學硏究 Vol.21 No.2

Vegetated sites are increasingly wasted by various construction implementations such as roads, housings and industrial buildings in Korea; however, revegetation methods are mainly adopted by seeding rapid germinated but short lived turfgrasses. The objective of this research was to determine the vegetation characteristics of native plants according to maintenance levels. 11 native plants which were representative for ecological restorations were chosen for the experiment. As the results of the experiment, Visual quality, percent cover and germination ratio were high on the high-maintenance level when compared to on the low-maintenance level. Germinated appearing plants on the low-maintenance level showed 65% coverage of the high-maintenance level. Callistephus chinensis highly germinated and populated but lasted only for a year in 2001 and disappeared in 2002 as a annual. Oenothera odorata and Oenothera lamarckiana were also high populated species and lived only for two years as biennials. Therefore, these species should not be used in a large amount because of affecting the germination of long lived species like perennials. As far as perennials are concerned, there apperared on the high populated density of Lotus corniculatus and Taraxacum platycarpum, on the medium density of Platycodon grandiflorum, Aster tataricus, Aster koraiensis and Aster yomena and on the low density of Patrinia scabiosaefolia and Chrysanthemum indicum.

축구경기장의 잔디초종 선정에 관한 연구 - 2002년 월드컵 인천경기장 모형돔을 대상으로 -

심상렬,정대영 한국조경학회 2002 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.30 No.2

This study was conducted to select suitable turfarasses for use at 2002 world cup soccer fields in Korea. A 1/1000 scale Inchon worldcup soccer dome was constructed for this research. Species and seeding rates of cool-season grasses used inside and outside the dome were Kentuck bleugrass 10g/$m^2$ (KB), Kentucky bleugrass 10g/$m^2$+ perennial ryegrass 10g/$m^2$ mixture (KB+PR) and Kentucky bleugrass 6g/$m^2$+tall fescue 14g/$m^2$+ perennial ryegrass 4g/$m^2$ mixture (KB+TF+PR). Warm-season grasses also used in this study were Zoysia japonica 'Anyangjungzii' (ZA) and Zoysia japonica 'Zenith'(ZZ) which were layed as sod. So, total 5 types of grasses were used inside and outside the dome. The rootzone was constructed by the multi-layer method(United States Golf Association method). The plots were designed by randomized block design. Cool-season grasses(KB, KB+PR, KB+TF+PR) were found to be better performers for visual rating and visual color than the zoysiagrasses(ZA, ZZ). There were no significant differences in turf performance within cool-season grasses, while ZA showed better turf performances than ZZ within zoysiagrasses. The green color was maintained for about 10 months in the col-season grasses(KB, KB+PR, KB+TF+PR) compared to about 5~6 months in the zoysiagrasses. Root length and density data revealed higher values for KB, KB+PR and KB+TF+PR compared to ZA and ZZ. Root performance of 22 was better than ZA within zoysiagrasses which was the opposite result of turf performances. There was also no significant difference between U performance inside and outside the dome. However, the decreasing tendency of turf quality inside the dome at the end of the study showed that more proper maintenance technology was needed inside the d[me. It could be concluded by this study that cool-season grasses(KB, KB+PR, KB+TF+PR) were more suitable turfgrasses than waits-season zoysiagrasses(ZA, ZZ) for use at 2002 world cup soccer fields in Korea.

스포츠 그라운드에 적합한 식재지반과 잔디 초종에 관한 연구

심상렬,정대영,김경남 한국조경학회 2000 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.28 No.2

The purpose of this study is to identify the proper species of turf and the ground structure for the turf sports grounds. Analysis items are particle distribution of sand and gravel, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil hardness, and turf growth. Results of this study are as follows. 1)The particle distribution of sand used in the multi-layer rootzone is within the upper limit of the standard level. The diameter of mid-size grain({TEX}$D_{50}${/TEX})was 0.62mm and the value of uniformity ({TEX}$D_{90}${/TEX}/{TEX}$D_{10}${/TEX}) was 3.93. The particle size distribution of sand used in the single-layer rootzone was beyond the standard level as {TEX}$D_{50}${/TEX})=0.86 and {TEX}$D_{90}${/TEX}/{TEX}$D_{10}${/TEX}=8.86. 2) Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the sand was higher in the multi-layer rootzone than in the single-layer rootzone while bulk density was vice versa. 3) Surface hardness was high on Kentucky bluegrass+perennial ryegrass compared to zoysiagrass probably caused by root density. 4) Visual covering and visual rating were highly evaluated on zoysiagrass within summer while better evaluated on Kentucky bluegrass+perennial ryegrass throughout fall to spring. 5) Visual color was better evaluated on Kentucky bluegrass+perennial ryegrass than on zoysiagrass throughout the year. These studies are demanded urgently according to increase in interest in the ground and turf species of the turf sports ground because of World Cup 2002.

전자무역 부문에서의 국내외 표준화 동향과 로드맵 연구

심상렬 한국디지털정책학회 2005 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2005 No.1

축구경기장 토양의 물리적 특성과 잔디 마모특성 - 2002년 월드컵 인천경기장 모형돔을 대상으로 -

심상렬,정대영 한국조경학회 2002 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.30 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate physical properties of soil and turfgrass wear characteristics within turfgrasses inside or outside the stadium A 1/1000 scale model Inchon world cup soccer d[me was constructed for this test. Turfgrasses planted inside and outside the model dome were; Kentucky bluegrass(KB), Kentucky bluegrass + perennial ryegrass mixture (KB+PR), Kentucky bluegrass + tall fescue + perennial ryegrass mixture (KB+TF+PR), Zoysia japonica 'Anyangjungzii'(ZA) and Zoysia japonica 'Zenith\`(ZZ). The rootzone was constructed by the multi-layer method (United States Golf Association method). Traffic on turfgrasses was treated with a 120kg roller. Surface soil hardness, soil penetration and water infiltration values on cool-season grasses(KB, KB+PR, KB+TF+PR) was found to be better for soccer play compared to zoysiagrasses(ZA, ZZ). No big differences in surface soil hardness, soil penetration and water infiltration values were found between inside and outside of the model dome. Wear damage on cool-season grasses caused by the traffic treatment was low compared to zoysiagrasses. However, there was no difference in wear damage by the traffic treatment within cool-season grasses while wear damage on ZA was higher than on ZZ within zoysiagrasses. It could be concluded that physical properties and wear characteristics on cool-season grasses were much better for soccer play than on zoysiagrasses.

국제 기술이전 거래에서의 계약이행과 상사분쟁 예방

심상렬 한국중재학회 2008 중재연구 Vol.18 No.3

International technology transfer(ITT) or technology trade is a very comprehensive term covering various mechanisms and channels for shifting technologies across borders. Thus, it refers to numerous complex processes, ranging from innovation and international marketing of technology to its absorption and imitation. It includes technology, trade, and investment. Markets for exchanging technologies are inherently subject to failure due to appropriability problems, spillovers, asymmetric information, and market power. Thus, there is strong justification for public intervention. Technology developers are interested in reducing the costs and uncertainty of making transfers, along with protecting their rights to profit from such transfers. On the other hand, technology importers are interested in acquiring knowledge at minimal costs, asking for restricting sharply the exclusive rights of foreign firms to exploit technology. The purpose of this paper is to review the characteristics, risks, legal issues and contractual check points of ITT, focusing on the avoidance of commercial disputes during the very complex processes of ITT.

장기예측 총괄원가 열요금 규제의 문제점 및 개선방안

심상렬 에너지경제연구원 2009 연구보고서 Vol.2009 No.12

전자무역의 확산과 순수 무역업체의 역할 변화

심상렬,정용균 한국무역학회 2002 무역학자 전국대회 발표논문집 Vol.2002 No.8

배수력에 기초한 잔디구장의 지반설계에 관한 연구 : 우리나라 2002년 월드컵축구경기장의 잔디그라운드를 중심으로 With Special Reference to Turfgrass Grounds of 2002 Worldcup Soccer Stadiums in Korea

심상렬 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 2002 産業科學硏究 Vol.19 No.2

This study was conducted to find out the rootzone design guidelines of turfgrass athletic fields based on the drainage rate. The results were as follows. 1. It was desirable that the surface slope of turfgrass athletic fields should be maintained within 0.8%. According to this slope guideline, 0.5∼0.6% slopes was adopted by most of 2002 Worldcup game's soccer fields in Korea. 2. Sand will be better used as turfgrass soil of athletic fields for repairing poor drainage. 3. The rootzones of 2002 Worldcup game's soccer fields were constructed by the multi -layered United States Golf Association system. However, the rootzone soil was used by more finer sands of the United Kingdom Sports Turf Research Institute guideline. 4. The drainage rate could be calculated by Luthin and Hooghout formulas in the multi -layered rootzone of a turfgrass athletic field. 5. 2002 Worldcup game's soccer fields should have the drainage capacity of 46-93㎜/hour according to the maximum precipitation rate per hour for 10 years of each Worldcup soccer opening city. 6. The drainage rate of 2002 Worldcup game's soccer fields was low except the Taegu field. The drainage rate could be accelerated by increasing the depth of drainage layer, increasing the water infiltration rate of drainage gravel or decreasing the interval of drainage trench.