청년층 이동 동인 분석과 지방소멸 위험 대비의 함의

신휴석 국토지리학회 2024 국토지리학회지 Vol.58 No.1

인구 총조사 자료 및 MDIS 자료 분석 결과 청년인구는 1980년대부터 급격하게 수도권 및 일부 지방 대도시로 집중되어 수도권과 지방 대도시 중심으로 편중 분포되었고 청년층 인구이동에 의한 인구분포의 변화는 과거 1980~2000년의 변화보다 최근 20년간(2000년~2020년)의 변화가 더욱 두드러졌다. MDIS의 지역 전출입 자료를 바탕으로 공간회귀모형을 적용해 청년층의 지역 간 인구이동의 동인을 분석한 결과 청년인구가 증가한 지역에서는 고용 매력도, 판매시설 접근성, 수도권 여부, 전세 가격, 지역 안전성 등이 청년들이 지역에 정착하는 데 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 확인되어 일반적으로 인정되고 있는 일자리와 주거요인에 대한 중요성을 재확인함과 동시에 판매 서비스 시설과 지역 안전성 관련 어메니티(amenity)의 중요성을 새롭게 확인하였다. 청년인구의 감소가 나타나는 지역에서는 고용 매력도, 주택 시장의 안정성 등이 청년인구의 이동에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

MODIS 지표면 온도 자료와 지구통계기법을 이용한 지상 기온 추정

신휴석,장은미,홍성욱,Shin, HyuSeok,Chang, Eunmi,Hong, Sungwook 대한공간정보학회 2014 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Near surface air temperature data which are one of the essential factors in hydrology, meteorology and climatology, have drawn a substantial amount of attention from various academic domains and societies. Meteorological observations, however, have high spatio-temporal constraints with the limits in the number and distribution over the earth surface. To overcome such limits, many studies have sought to estimate the near surface air temperature from satellite image data at a regional or continental scale with simple regression methods. Alternatively, we applied various Kriging methods such as ordinary Kriging, universal Kriging, Cokriging, Regression Kriging in search of an optimal estimation method based on near surface air temperature data observed from automatic weather stations (AWS) in South Korea throughout 2010 (365 days) and MODIS land surface temperature (LST) data (MOD11A1, 365 images). Due to high spatial heterogeneity, auxiliary data have been also analyzed such as land cover, DEM (digital elevation model) to consider factors that can affect near surface air temperature. Prior to the main estimation, we calculated root mean square error (RMSE) of temperature differences from the 365-days LST and AWS data by season and landcover. The results show that the coefficient of variation (CV) of RMSE by season is 0.86, but the equivalent value of CV by landcover is 0.00746. Seasonal differences between LST and AWS data were greater than that those by landcover. Seasonal RMSE was the lowest in winter (3.72). The results from a linear regression analysis for examining the relationship among AWS, LST, and auxiliary data show that the coefficient of determination was the highest in winter (0.818) but the lowest in summer (0.078), thereby indicating a significant level of seasonal variation. Based on these results, we utilized a variety of Kriging techniques to estimate the surface temperature. The results of cross-validation in each Kriging model show that the measure of model accuracy was 1.71, 1.71, 1.848, and 1.630 for universal Kriging, ordinary Kriging, cokriging, and regression Kriging, respectively. The estimates from regression Kriging thus proved to be the most accurate among the Kriging methods compared.

Analyzing Regional Imbalances in Child Growth Opportunities Using the South Korea Child Opportunity Index 1.0

신휴석 대한지리학회 2024 대한지리학회지 Vol.59 No.2

Childhood is a critical period of rapid growth, where the role of the surrounding neighborhood environment is increasingly emphasized for the healthy physical and mental development of children. The neighborhood environment has a multidimensional impact on child development, shaping both access to resources and experiences for healthy development and exposure to risk factors. This study developed the South Korea Child Opportunity Index 1.0 (SKCOI 1.0), modeled after the Child Opportunity Index 2.0 (COI 2.0) in the United States, to analyze the imbalances in regional neighborhood conditions for child growth opportunities within South Korea. Through this index, disparities in neighborhood environment opportunities for children across Korea were identified, especially between the capital region and non-capital regions, and between major cities and general cities. These findings strongly suggest the need for the development of measures at both the central and local government levels.

지도 색채배열의 평가도구 개발

신휴석 대한지리학회 2011 대한지리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

국토 공중모니터링 현황과 발전방향

신휴석,박충기,김연미,황선영,박기호,Shin, Hyu-Seok,Park, Chung-Ki,Kim, Yeon-Mi,Hwang, Sun-Young,Park, Key-Ho 한국공간정보학회 2008 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Recent climate fluctuation and environmental change at global scale are causing more incidences of disasters and calamities over the world. In a response to this environmental crisis, international collaboration for Earth Observation(EO) is obtaining more significance in order to understand, watch, and forecast changes in the earth system. As such, aerial monitoring based on remotely sensed data, indispensable for EO, is also drawing more attentions. In this context, we discuss diverse aspects of future developments in the Korean domestic system for aerial monitoring. This paper first thoroughly examines current status of national and international collaboration system arid research of aerial monitoring. It then suggests specific development plans for four critical dimensions such as research, organization, institutional systems, and strategies. Our study would facilitate systematically establishing policies for aerial monitoring in Korea and creating a domestic GEOSS(Global Earth Observation System of Systems) in the near future.

MODIS 지표면 온도 자료와 지구통계기법을 이용한 지상 기온 추정

신휴석,장은미,홍성욱 대한공간정보학회 2014 Spatial Information Research Vol.22 No.1

Near surface air temperature data which are one of the essential factors in hydrology, meteorology and climatology, have drawn a substantial amount of attention from various academic domains and societies. Meteorological observations, however, have high spatio-temporal constraints with the limits in the number and distribution over the earth surface. To overcome such limits, many studies have sought to estimate the near surface air temperature from satellite image data at a regional or continental scale with simple regression methods. Alternatively, we applied various Kriging methods such as ordinary Kriging, universal Kriging, Cokriging, Regression Kriging in search of an optimal estimation method based on near surface air temperature data observed from automatic weather stations (AWS) in South Korea throughout 2010 (365 days) and MODIS land surface temperature (LST) data (MOD11A1, 365 images). Due to high spatial heterogeneity, auxiliary data have been also analyzed such as land cover, DEM (digital elevation model) to consider factors that can affect near surface air temperature. Prior to the main estimation, we calculated root mean square error (RMSE) of temperature differences from the 365-days LST and AWS data by season and landcover. The results show that the coefficient of variation (CV) of RMSE by season is 0.86, but the equivalent value of CV by landcover is 0.00746. Seasonal differences between LST and AWS data were greater than that those by landcover. Seasonal RMSE was the lowest in winter (3.72). The results from a linear regression analysis for examining the relationship among AWS, LST, and auxiliary data show that the coefficient of determination was the highest in winter (0.818) but the lowest in summer (0.078), thereby indicating a significant level of seasonal variation. Based on these results, we utilized a variety of Kriging techniques to estimate the surface temperature. The results of cross-validation in each Kriging model show that the measure of model accuracy was 1.71, 1.71, 1.848, and 1.630 for universal Kriging, ordinary Kriging, cokriging, and regression Kriging, respectively. The estimates from regression Kriging thus proved to be the most accurate among the Kriging methods compared.

국토 공중모니터링 현황과 발전방향

신휴석,박충기,김연미,황선영,박기호 대한공간정보학회 2008 Spatial Information Research Vol.16 No.2

Recent climate fluctuation and environmental change at global scale are causing more incidences of disasters and calamities over the world. In a response to this environmental crisis, international collaboration for Earth Observation(EO) is obtaining more significance in order to understand, watch, and forecast changes in the earth system. As such, aerial monitoring based on remotely sensed data, indispensable for EO, is also drawing more attentions. In this context, we discuss diverse aspects of future developments in the Korean domestic system for aerial monitoring. This paper first thoroughly examines current status of national and international collaboration system and research of aerial monitoring. It then suggests specific development plans for four critical dimensions such as research, organization, institutional systems, and strategies. Our study would facilitate systematically establishing policies for aerial monitoring in Korea and creating a domestic GEOSS(Global Earth Observation System of Systems) in the near future.

지도 색채의 색각이상 모사에 관한 연구

신휴석,조현정,박기호 국토지리학회 2010 국토지리학회지 Vol.44 No.4

The purpose of this paper is to examine the methods of simulating map color appearance for the color vision impaired and then to develop the visual impairment simulator. The simulator is developed using ArcObject components of ArcGIS products. The simulator validity was verified, with approximately 99 percent accuracy, by a series of experiments on color vision impaired subjects where colors selected among 216 web safe colors were compared before and after simulation. To enhance its utility, the simulator displays the CIE xyY coordinates of the colors before and after simulation and also presents the color confusion lines for each type of color vision impairment. The simulator also records the values of color components(RGB, CIE xyY, HSV) to ensure the objectivity of these color analyses. The outcomes of this paper can serve as a basic tool for map color researches on color vision impairment. 이 연구는 색각이상자들이 인지하는 지도 색채를 모사하는 방법에 대한 검토와 이를 바탕으로 색각이상 모사 도구를 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 색각모사 도구는 상용 GIS 엔진인 ArcGIS 제품군의 ArcObject 컴포넌트를 이용하여 확장기능 형태로 개발하였다. 실제 색각이상자를 대상으로 216개의 웹 안전색상의 모사 전후의 색채 비교 실험을 수행한 결과 색맹자의 경우 99%에 가까운 모사 정확도를 나타내어 개발된 도구의 유효성이 확인되었다. 색각이상 모사 도구의 효용성을 높이기 위해 모사 전후의 색채에 대한 CIE xy 색도도 상의 위치 정보 및 색각이상 분류에 따른 각 혼동색선을 모사 도구 상에 나타내었고 색채들의 요소값(RGB, CIE xyY, HSV) 또한 제공하여 객관적인 분석도 가능하도록 하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 색각이상 관련 지도 연구의 기본 도구로써의 역할을 충분히 수행할 것으로 기대된다.

색각이상자를 위한 지도색채배열 분석

신휴석,조현정,박기호 한국지도학회 2012 한국지도학회지 Vol.12 No.2

이 연구는 색각이상자의 정보 오인식을 방지하기 위해 색채배열의 색차 측정 및 최소 색차 기준설정이라는 객관적이고 계량적인 방법에 기초한 지도색채배열 분석방법 제안을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해서 기존 연구에서 지적된 불균등한 색공간 사용과 색역의 차이로 인한 문제점을 개선하고자 CIELAB 색표시계와 sRGB 색공간을 활용한 색차 측정방법을 제시하였다. 또한 색채배열을 색각이상자의 지각 방식으로 모사한 후, 정량적 데이터를 전달하는 지도의 특성을 고려하여 색각이상자의 공간정보 오인식을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 판단되는 안전한 색채배열을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 색채배열 분석방법은 선행연구에서 개발한 색각모사 도구와 함께 색각이상자의 특성에 따른 색채배열을 제시할 수 있다는 점에서 방법론으로서 의의를 갖는다. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the analysis methodology of map color scheme for the color vision impaired in the objective and quantitative ways. We tried to help solving problems related in using uneven color space and gamut indicated in existing studies. Consequently, we suggested the color-difference measurement method using CIELAB color system for the uniform color space and sRGB color gamut for setting the standard color space. Also, we set minimum color-difference standards for the color vision impaired to prevent misunderstanding color schemes on maps. We analyzed the variation of minimum color-difference before and after the simulation of color vision impairment and recommended safe color schemes for them. The proposed color-difference measurement method with the simulation tool of color vision impairment developed in our previous study can contribute to the recommendation of map color schemes depending on the characteristics of each color vision deficiencies.

국내 지역 소득 격차와 공간적 불균형 분석

신휴석 국토지리학회 2021 국토지리학회지 Vol.55 No.4

This study analyzed income disparity between metropolitan cities and provinces, as well as between local units of Si-Gun-Gu within each metropolitan city or province in order to understand the geography of income inequality in South Korea. In doing so, it used a range of inequality indices and big data of monthly average estimated gross income as of 2019, June in the unit of 100m grid cells from the Korea Credit Bureau. Global and local characteristics of income distribution at the units of Dong were also analyzed and visualized after aggregration of the gridded income data. The study results showed that income inequality was the highest in Seoul Metropolitan City in the metropolitan/province-level comparison. At the level of Si-Gun-Gu, the top 3 regions in the gap of theil indices were Gyeonggi Province, Seoul Metropolitan City, the Incheon Metropolitan City, all of which is part of the captial area of South Korea. Spatial autocorrelation of the income distributions was statistically significant both globally and locally across all distances of 20km, 40km, 60km, and 80km. The analysis results from the index revealed taht the spatial clustering patterns in the income distributions of the captial area were also different from those of the other regions of South Korea. 이 연구는 100m 격자 단위의 가계소득 빅데이터와 불균형지수를 이용하여 광역시・도 내, 광역시・도 내 시군구 간의 소득 격차를 분석 평가하였다. 또한, 격자 단위 소득 자료를 동 단위로 집계하여 소득 분포에 대한 전역적, 국지적 특성, 공간적 불균형의 현황을 파악하고 시각화하였다. 분석 결과 광역시・도 단위에서는 서울특별시에서 소득 불균형 수준이 가장 높게 나타났다. 광역시・도 내 시・군・구간 타일지수 격차는 경기도에서 가장 컸으며, 서울특별시, 인천광역시가 그 뒤를 이어 시・군・구 간 격차가 큰 3대 광역시・도가 모두 수도권에 소재하는 것으로 나타났다. 전역적 Moran’I 자수 분석은 20km, 40km, 60km, 80km 임계거리 모두에서 유의미한 공간적 자기상관성이 나타냈고, 이는 국지적 Moran’s I 지수 분석을 통해서도 확인할 수 있었다. 지수를 통해 국내 소득 분포의 공간적 군집 패턴을 파악한 결과 수도권과 비수도권 간 차이를 확인할 수 있었다.