디지털 주권과 유럽: 유럽연합(EU) 디지털 정책의 법제화와 시사점

신의찬,김호 한국외국어대학교 EU연구소 2023 EU연구 Vol.- No.67

전 세계가 디지털 사회로의 전환을 촉진하고 있는 가운데 국제사회의 주요 행위자인 유럽연합(EU) 역시도 산업, 경제 및 사회를 재편할 것을 약속하는 혁신적인 디지털 시대의 전조에 서 있다. 특히 국제사회의 주권 개념의 변화 및 확장과 맞물려 디지털 주권을 강화하기 위한 관심이 높아지고 있는 상황에서 EU는 모든 시민을 위한 포괄성, 지속 가능성 및 보안을 보장하면서 디지털 잠재력을 활용하기 위한 야심찬 로드맵을 마련하고 있으며 2019년 새로운 집행위원회가 구성됨에 따라 기후변화와 디지털 분야에서의 전환을 위해 적극적인 전략을 펼치고 있다. 빠르게 변화하는 디지털 사회에서 EU가 추진하는 디지털 전략과 정책의 방향은 기존 소프트파워의 선두주자로 국제사회에서 자리 잡았던 EU의 위상을 높이고, 비교우위를 점하려는 목적이 분명하며 최근 발표했던 EU의 디지털 정책과 관련한 전략 및 이니셔티브와 법제화 과정을 고려할 때, 전 세계 디지털 시장의 한 축으로 자리잡고 있는 한국에도 시사하는 점이 크다. 이러한 측면에서 본 논문은 주권 개념의 변화 및 확장에 관하여 디지털 주권 개념에 초점을 맞추고, 이를 바탕으로 EU의 디지털 역량 및 발전 방향, 그리고 디지털 정책의 발전과 최근 전략 및 이니셔티브의 법제화 과정에 대해 분석할 것이다.

스웨덴의 원자력정책의 변화와 전략: 에너지안보와 지속가능성의 조화

신의찬 한국외국어대학교 EU연구소 2024 EU연구 Vol.- No.72

본 연구는 스웨덴의 원자력정책 변화 과정을 분석하고, 에너지안보와 지속가능성 목표를 동시에 달성하기 위한 전략을 탐구한다. 스웨덴은 1980년대 원전 폐쇄 정책을 채택했으나, 최근 기후변화 대응과 에너지안보 강화를 위해 원자력 발전에 대한 입장을 재고하고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 정책 변화의 배경, 과정, 그리고 영향을 다각도로 분석한다. 첫째, 스웨덴의 원자력정책 변화 과정을 역사적 맥락에서 고찰한다. 둘째, 에너지안보 강화와 기후변화 대응이라는 두 가지 목표 사이에서 스웨덴 정부가 직면한 딜레마를 분석한다. 셋째, 원자력 발전과 재생에너지 간의 최적 조합을 모색하는 스웨덴의 전략을 평가한다. 넷째, 이러한 정책 변화가 스웨덴의 경제, 환경, 그리고 사회에 미치는 영향을 다각도로 검토한다. 연구 결과, 스웨덴의 새로운 원자력정책은 에너지안보 강화와 지속가능성 목표 달성 사이의 균형을 추구하고 있음을 확인했다. 그러나 이 과정에서 기술적, 경제적, 사회적 도전에 직면하고 있으며, 이를 해결하기 위한 지속적인 정책적 노력이 필요함을 제시한다. 본 연구는 에너지 전환기에 있는 국가들에게 스웨덴의 사례가 주는 정책적 시사점을 도출하고, 향후 연구 방향을 제시한다. This study analyzes the process of nuclear policy change in Sweden and explores strategies to achieve both energy security and sustainability goals. Sweden adopted a nuclear phase-out policy in the 1980s, but has recently been reconsidering its stance on nuclear power to address climate change and strengthen energy security. This study examines the background, process, and impacts of this policy change from multiple perspectives.Korea, which is one of the pillars of the global digital market. First, it examines Sweden's nuclear policy changes in a historical context. Second, it analyzes the dilemma faced by the Swedish government between strengthening energy security and responding to climate change. Third, it evaluates Sweden's strategy to find an optimal combination of nuclear power and renewable energy. Fourth, it examines the impacts of these policy changes on Sweden's economy, environment, and society from various angles. The research findings confirm that Sweden's new nuclear policy seeks to balance strengthening energy security and achieving sustainability goals. However, it faces technical, economic, and social challenges in this process, and suggests that continued policy efforts are needed to address these issues. This study derives policy implications from the Swedish case for countries in energy transition and suggests directions for future research.

전시 참관객의 지역 소비지출 결정 요인: 대전지역 전시회 사례 실증분석

신의찬,이재우 국토연구원 2016 국토연구 Vol.90 No.-

Recently the MICE industry has been in the spotlight as one of the strategies of city marketing and regional vitalization. However, there have been few empirical studies on the consumption behavior of the exhibition attendees in the host city compared to the study on the economic ripple effects of the industry. Therefore, this study analyzes the microeconomics analysis of the regional consumption expenditure of attendees from the areas outside the host city at the exhibitions in Daejeon, by collecting data through the survey on the exhibition attendees through the Tobit model analysis and Marginal effect analysis. The results of this study show that the age of attendees affects on the total amount of expenditure, the older the attendees are, the more they spend. And attendees who live within 35km radius of the exhibition site and with family members accompanying tend to spend more on the expenditure. Satisfaction, distance and stay period of attendees are proved to have relevance with the expenditure as well. By researching the consumption propensity of exhibition attendees from the outside to understand the structure of their consumption expenditure, this study would contribute to drawing up the strategies and directing the policies of the regional economy vitalization to cultivate the tangible or intangible regional resources for the external demand of visits, develop the retail service infrastructure, improve the regional connected traffic system and tour programs. 전시참관행사를 포함하는 MICE산업이 도시마케팅과 지역활성화 전략의 하나로 주목받고 있으나, 산업경제 측면의 파급효과 분석에 비하여 실제 행사 참관객의 지역 내 소비 행태에 기초한 실증연구는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 본 논문은 대전지역에서 개최된 전시박람행사를 사례로 전시회 기간 동안 역외거주 참관객을 대상으로 설문조사를 통하여 자료를 수집하고, Tobit 모형 분석 및 한계효과 분석을 거쳐 역외 전시 참관객의 지역 내 소비지출에 대한 미시적 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 역외 거주 전시 참관객은 연령이 높을수록 총지출비용이 증가하였으며, 35km 이내의 인근 거주 참관객과 가족 동반 참관객의 총지출비용이 상대적으로 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전시회에 대한 만족도가 높을수록, 참관객의 지역 내 최대 이동반경이 클수록, 총체류시간이 길수록 총지출비용이 증가하는 경향이 있음을 확인하였다. 본 논문은 역외 거주 전시 참관객의 지역 내 방문지와 소비지출 양상에 대한 구조적 이해로 외부 방문 수요 증대를 위한 지역의 유무형 자원 발굴, 판매 서비스 시설의 정비・확충, 연계교통체계와 지역관광 프로그램 개선 등 지역경제 활성화 정책수립 방향 제시 및 전략 도출에 기여할 것으로 예상된다.

The EU as Geopolitical Actor in the Arctic: A Perspective of EU’s Arctic Policy

신의찬 국립부경대학교 글로벌지역학연구소 2024 Journal of Global and Area Studies(JGA) Vol.8 No.2

As worldwide geopolitical and geographical interest in the Arctic intensifies, Europe also actively supports Arctic cooperation in the international arena and plays a direct role in addressing the challenges faced by the Arctic. Internally, the EU has addressed Arctic issues within the framework of its common policies and strategies since the establishment of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2004, designating the region as the ‘Northern Dimension.’ Meanwhile, the ‘New Arctic Strategy’ announced by the EU on October 13, 2021, goes beyond the previous strategic and policy approaches in that it highlights the need to approach the Arctic geopolitically. The EU now views the Arctic not only as a subject of international cooperation but also as a region where Europe must intervene geopolitically and take responsibility. In a global context where competition and conflicts, such as the intensifying U.S.-China rivalry and the Russia-Ukraine war, are becoming fierce, the world is striving to secure interests amidst conflicts and cooperation. In this scenario, a new approach to the Arctic, which traditionally has been perceived more as a space for cooperation than conflict, is currently in demand. With major powers like the United States, China, and Russia actively engaging in Arctic activities for resource and route utilization, it remains to be seen whether the EU’s new Arctic strategy will be an opportunity or a challenge.

전시 참관객의 시공간 활동특성에 관한 연구: 대전지역 전시회 사례 실증분석

신의찬 (사) 한국도시재생학회 2020 도시재생 Vol.6 No.1

Exhibition & convention industry has the characteristics of its openness to convergence with other industries such as tourism, culture, and service. In addition, the industry is getting more attention in the aspects of regional economies and tourism, and city marketing since exhibition & convention events continuously draw visitors and investors from outside the event regions. As the exhibition & convention industry started to be recognized as a tool to enhance the competitiveness of cities, there is a growing attention to the microscopic study on the activity characteristics of attendees in the event regions as well as the macroscopic effects on industries. Going beyond the expectation that the exhibition & convention industry will contribute to city marketing, tourism, and regional economies, this study analyzed several exhibition events to figure out the expenditure made in the event cities by attendees who came from other regions and characteristics of their activities. Furthermore, this study subjects were classified and analyzed characteristics by types in consideration of developing practical policies. The exhibition visitors were classified into three groups; exhibition explorer type, passerby type, and traveler type. It turned out that the traveler type visitors tended to spend most time and money in the region. In this study, characteristics of the exhibition attendeesexpenditure and space-time activity were examined microscopically. It is significant that the study results can be used in many sectors like city marketing and regional tourism.

컨벤션 참가자의 지역소비지출 영향요인

신의찬 ( Shin Eui Chan ),이재우 ( Lee Jae Woo ) 한국감정평가학회 2017 감정평가학논집 Vol.16 No.3

본 연구는 역외 거주 컨벤션 참가자의 방문지역 내 소비활동으로 인한 지역경제 활성화 및 효과적인 도시마케팅 개선방안을 모색하기 위해 컨벤션 참가자를 대상으로 지역 내 소비지출특성과 지출 영향요인을 분석하였다. 실증적 분석결과, 총지출에 대해 컨벤션 참가자의 소득수준, 직업, 첫방문 여부, 가족동반 여부, 관내택시이용 여부, 총체류시간 변수가 양의 영향을 주었으며, 사전정보검색 여부는 음의 영향을 주는 요인으로 확인되었다. 연구결과에 따른 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 컨벤션 참가자의 직접적인 소비지출을 극대화하기 위해 방문지역의 식음료, 쇼핑, 관광오락, 숙박시설 등에 대해 사전 매력 요소 강화와 함께 도시마케팅 관점에서의 전략적인 온라인 콘텐츠 생산 및 공유가 요구된다. 둘째, 컨벤션 산업을 통해 지역경제 및 도시마케팅 활성화를 위해 컨벤션 참가자의 방문지역에 대한 시공간 이용 기회를 극대화하는 정책적, 실무적 노력이 필요하다. 이에 따라 방문지역 내 주요 장소에 대한 접근 및 체류를 위한 편의 개선으로 컨벤션 참가자의 이동 반경 및 총체류시간을 확대할 필요가 있다. This study analyzed the characteristics and determinants of expenditures by convention attendees who came from other regions; the objective was to find effective ways to boost a city or region’s economy and strengthen related marketing. Empirical analysis showed that overall expenditures were positively affected by an attendee’s income level, occupation, whether it was his or her first visit, type of accompanying person, transportation in the host city and combined activity retention time, but negatively affected per preliminary searches for information on the host city. The implications of the study are as follows. First, a city or region must boost the attractiveness of its food, shopping, entertainment, and lodging as well as produce and share online content to boost related marketing to maximize spending by convention attendees. Second, a policy is needed to increase the attendees’ space-time activities in the host city to revitalize the regional or municipal economy and strengthen related marketing through the MICE sector. And improving accessibility and amenities of a host city’s main spots will raise the radius of attendee activities and lengthen their retention time.

EU 통상법의 역외적용에 관한 최근의 변화와 대응 방향

김봉철,신의찬,심민섭 한국유럽학회 2023 유럽연구 Vol.41 No.4

국내법으로서 통상법의 역외적용은 과연 ‘자유로운 무역을 가능하게 하는 환경을 제공하자는 것인가’에 관한 의문과 연결된다. EU는 통상법에 따른 일방적 조치를 자주 취하고 있는데, 무역의 환경이 변화하면서 이러한 EU 통상법의 역외적용 모습도 변화한다. 국내 통상법의 역외적용 확산은 보호무역주의 현상을 만들게 되는데, FTA와 같은 수단을 통하여 국내 통상법의 역외적용을 위한 국제법 기반을 마련하거나, 다른 국가의 비난과 반대를 무릅쓰고 국내법의 역외적용을 강행하기도 한다. 국내법의 역외적용 확대에도 여러 변수가 있다. 최근 EU를 포함한 전 세계적인 공급망 위기와 대응이 대표적인 사례로 볼 수 있다. EU는 관련 정책을 통해서 역내에 반도체 글로벌 공급망을 완벽히 대체하는 배타적인 산업생태계를 구축하는 대신, 일부 공급망 불안이 나타날 수 있는 분야를 보강하려고 한다. 한국 기업들은 국내법의 역외적용에서 자유로울 수 없으니, 반드시 규제 내용을 숙지해야 한다. 역외적용 문제는 피할 수 있는 것은 아니며, 이에 어떻게 대응할 것인가 고민하는 것이 현실적이다. The extraterritorial application of trade law as a domestic law is linked to the question of whether it is really to provide an environment that enables free trade. The EU frequently takes unilateral measures under trade laws, and as the environment of trade changes, the extraterritorial application of these EU trade laws also changes. The spread of extraterritorial application of domestic trade laws creates a protectionism phenomenon, which lays the foundation for international law for extraterritorial application of domestic trade laws through means such as FTAs, or pushes ahead with the extraterritorial application of domestic laws despite criticism from other countries. There are also several variables in expanding the extraterritorial application of domestic law. Recent supply chain crises and responses around the world, including the EU, can be seen as representative examples. Instead of establishing an exclusive industrial ecosystem that completely replaces the global supply chain of semiconductors in the region through related policies, the EU seeks to reinforce areas where some supply chain instability may appear. Korean companies cannot be free from the extraterritorial application of domestic law, so they must be familiar with the regulatory content. The problem of extraterritorial application is not avoidable, and it is realistic to think about how to respond to it.

The Institutional Development of EU Climate Change Policy and its Expansion: from ETS to European Green Deal

송병준,신의찬 한국외국어대학교 EU연구소 2021 EU연구 Vol.- No.59

The EU has greatly expanded its climate change policy since the 2000s as introducing the emissions trading system (ETS) for the first time in the world since 2005, and has been pushing for a Green Deal that deals with overall climate change response after 2020. In the long run, the EU climate change policy is a growth engines that will create new jobs and secure competitiveness in international trade through related technology development, therefore, it is recognised as a key socio-economic policy linked to environmental, energy, agricultural and trade policies. In particular, the EU climate change policy extends economic benefits in conjunction with energy and trade policies in the international community, with the operation of the ETS and the introduction of the European Climate Law, and the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), which is included in European Green Deal. Through these policies, the EU is expanding its policy in response to climate change and strengthening its status as a climate change leader in the international community. Therefore, as leading entities in climate change response, strategic cooperation between Korea and the EU is required from a long-term perspective as it is possible to establish various cooperative models such as joint R&D and joint entry into third countries

국제사회의 경제안보와 공급망 안정화 전략에 대한 한국의 최근 법제 변화 연구

김호,신의찬 한국무역연구원 2024 무역연구 Vol.20 No.3

Purpose – This research aims to examine the international community’s legislative efforts for economic security and supply chain stabilization, analyzes the legislative changes in response by the South Korean government, and suggests future directions for the development of related legislation. Design/Methodology/Approach – This research employs a literature analysis method to examine the trends in supply chain-related legislation in the U.S. and the EU and analyzes the corresponding policy and legislative changes of South Korean law. Findings – The research confirms that the U.S. and EU are actively reinforcing their regulatory frameworks to address vulnerabilities in global supply chains. Concurrently, South Korea has also adopted its legislative landscape in response to these global shifts, reflecting its commitment to aligning with international standards and enhancing its own supply chain security. These efforts highlight South Korea’s strategic approach and its proactive stance in contributing to global supply chain stabilization. Research Implications – The research is significant as it sheds light on the evolving landscape of supply chain legislation worldwide, and provides insights into how South Korea can further develop its regulatory framework to better safeguard its economic interests and strengthen global supply chain networks. By analyzing international legislative trends and South Korea’s responses, the research offers valuable guidance for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to navigate the complexities of contemporary global trade and supply chain management.

한국과 유럽 사이의 무역에 적용되는 법률 변화 가능성과 시사점*

김봉철,김호,신의찬 한국무역연구원 2023 무역연구 Vol.19 No.1

Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to explore the national application of international law in the field of trade based on the possibilities and implications of law changes applied to trade between Korea and Europe. Design/Methodology/Approach – To analyze the possibilities and implications of law changes applied to trade between Korea and Europe, the paper focuses on the connectivity between international and national law based on literature research and legal texts. Specifically, it proposes a relationship between changes in the international community and international law on Korea-Europe trade based on the Korea-EU FTA and global challenges ahead of Korea and Europe. Findings – Since the European Union began to raise interest in Asia in the 1990s, relations between Korea and Europe have also developed rapidly. In particular, Korea and Europe have maintained close economic relations with the signing of the Korea-EU FTA in 2011, and discussions on international cooperation and the domestic application of international law have continued in the process. In this respect, the recent spread of international norms, including trade and sustainable development emphasized by the European Union, and the various global issues currently occurring, also have a significant impact on Korea-Europe relations and trade. Research Implications – The national application of international law centered on the Korea-EU FTA in establishing new cooperation between Korea and Europe in the future is likely to be revised, and new changes in the areas of a future Korea-EU FTA and international cooperation, such as well as recent global issues such as Brexit, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russia-Ukraine War.