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      • An Experimental Estimation of Two Detection Limit Models

        마창진,강공언,수수무도노,미키오카사하라 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.E1

        In environmental studies, decisions are often made on the analytical data indicating certain contaminants as being "detected" or "non-detectible." Since detection limits are analytical method specific, one has to first review the concepts and definitions associated with analytical method systems and specifications. In this study, the experimental analytical values for a series of low level standards (for an ionic species) were used as an example to estimate two different method detection limits (MDL). The scores of EPA's MOL and Pallesen's MDL determined by real analytical scores are 0.0575 and 0.0561 mg/L, respectively for our nitrate data. These scores determined by two different MDL models are roughly similar, while there are apparent differences between two methods with respect to statistical and systematical procedure. However, detennination of MDL for one's laboratory provides some practical applications which helps to assure one's regulating authorities that one's measured scores are accurate.

      • Chemical Composition of the Size-resolved Particles in Buk-Ak Tunnel

        마창진,황경철,강공언,수수무도노 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.E2

        The roadway tunnels in urban areas give rise to problems such as a localized air pollution. Here, we report the results of a case study of an urban roadway tunnel measurement. The size-resolved particle sampling was carried out with a two 2-stage filter pack samplers and an Andersen impactor sampler at the center of Buk-Ak tunnel in November 2001. Particle Induced X -ray Emission (PIXE) was applied to determine the elemental composition of size-resolved particles divided into soluble and insoluble fractions. The Thermal/Optical Reflectance (TOR^??) method was also employed in analyzing of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC). Mass concentrations of fine (< 1.2㎛) and coarse (> 1.2㎛) particles are 165 and 48㎍ m^-3, respectively. Total elemental mass concentration (the sum of insoluble coarse, soluble coarse, insoluble fine, and soluble fine) is found to be 24 ㎛^-3 and comprises only 11% of total particle mass concentration. The concentrations of EC, OC, and mass show the clear dependency on particle size with the maximum between 0.1 and 0.43㎛ aerodynamic diameters. Total carbon (sum of EC and OC) accounts for approximately 70% of mass concentration.

      • Characteristics of Gas- and Particle-phase Acids and NH₃at Urban and Rural Sites in Korea

        마창진,김희강,강공언,수수무도노,미키오카사하라 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.E1

        To study the characteristics of ammonia and the related compounds, atmospheric aerosols and gases were collected using a triple filter pack sampler, a low volume air sampler, and a three-stage Andersen air sampler in Seoul and Kangwha Island, Korea from Dec. 1996 to Oct. 1997. Ammonia concentrations showed approximately two times higher in summer than in winter at both sites. The highest HNO₃ levels were generally observed in summertime at two sampling sites. The average mass concentration of PM_2.5 in heavily industrialized Seoul was about three times higher than that of Kangwha. In winter, the sum of NH₄^+ and its counter ions (such as CI^-, NO₃^-, and S0₄²^-) comprised 30-41% of PM_2.5 mass concentration at each sampling site. Temperature dependence of particulate nitrate was examined at the urban sampling site. The formation of the nitrate in the fine mode was dependent not only on the amount of precursors but also on the variation of temperature. (NH₄)S0₄and NH₄HS0₄coexisted with NH₄NO₃and NH₄Cl at each site. According to the summertime backward trajectory analysis. NO₃- showed higher level with air parcels transported from northeast Asian continent. On the other hand, the concentration of SO₄²- showed significantly higher level when air masses originated from Pacific Ocean, southern part of Japan. and Korea.

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