무도교육의 현황과 과제

송형석(Hyeong Seok Song),이규형(Kyu Hyung Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2007 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.29

Effects of Total Sleep Deprivation on Fine Motor Performance

이헌정,송형석,함병주,서광윤,김린,Lee, Heon-Jeong,Song, Hyung-Seok,Ham, Byung-Joo,Suh, Kwang-Yoon,Kim, Leen KOREAN ACADEMY OF SLEEP MEDICINE 2001 수면·정신생리 Vol.8 No.2

목 적 : 일상생활에서 하루 밤의 수면박탈은 흔히 있을 수 있다. 저자들은 전산화 신경인지검사를 통하여 38시간의 수면 박탈이 상지의 미세 운동수행능력에 어떠한 변화를 주는지를 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 고려대학교 의과대학에 재학중인 학생중 정신적, 신체적으로 건강한 지원자 24명(M:F=21:3, mean age : $24.67{\pm}1.37$)을 대상으로 하였으며 모두 오른 손잡이었다. 또한 수면일지를 작성하게 하여 평소에 수면부족을 보이는 군은 배제하였다. Vienna Test System에서 나타날 수 있는 학습효과를 최소화하기 위하여 검사 하루 전에 미리 같은 검사를 시행하였다. 검사 전날 밤에 피험자들은 충분한 수면을 취하였으며, 검사 당일 오전 6시경에 기상하였다. 실험 첫날 오전 6시부터 다음날 오후 8시까지 38시간동안 수면을 박탈하였으며, 검사 첫날과 둘째 날의 오전 7시와 오후 7시, 총 4차례 Vienna Test System중 Motor Performance Series를 시행하였다. 실험기간 중에 모든 피험자에게 수면에 영향을 줄 수 있는 약물의 복용은 금지되었으며, 과도한 운동도 금지되었다. 자료는 SPSS를 이용하여 피험자당 4회 시행한 검사 결과를 Repeated ANOVA를 시행하였으며, 일중리듬을 고려하여 각 아침, 저녁 session끼리의 검사 결과를 paired t-test를 시행하여서 비교하였다. 결 과 : Motor Performance Series에서 수면박탈에 따라서 상지의 오른손의 운동 기능에 있어 수행능력의 저하가 나타났다. 각 소검사를 보면 tapping의 total number(p<.005), line tracking의 number of misses(p<.05), length of misses (p<.05), inserting short pin의 total length(p<.01), inserting long pin의 total length(p<.05), aiming의 number of misses (p<.05)에서 통계적으로 유의미한 기능의 저하가 나타났다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과는 38시간의 수면박탈만으로도 유의미한 운동기능의 저하가 나타난다는 것을 보여준 것이며, 특히 가장 예민하게 미세 운동기능을 발휘할 수 있는 우세한 오른손에서 기능저하가 나타났다. Inserting long pin보다는 inserting short pin 검사에서 기능이 저하되었고, line tracking, aiming에서 검사 결과의 수행 저하가 두드러진 것으로 보아서, 미세한 운동기능일수록 영향을 많이 받는다고 할 수 있겠으며, line tracking에서 전체 검사 시간은 감소되며, 수행에서 실수가 늘어난 것으로 보아, 수면박탈에 따라서 조급한 수행이 이루어진다고 보여진다. 또한 주어진 32초간의 시간 안에 최대한의 속도로 펜을 두드리는 tapping 검사에서 두드러진 저하를 보인 점에서, 수면박탈에 의하여 근육의 피로가 쉽게 나타난다고 생각 할 수 있겠다. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of 38-hour sleep deprivation on fine motor performance. The Motor Performance Series (MPS) in the Vienna Test System (computerized neurocognitive function tests) was used in this study. Methods: Twenty four subjects participated in this study. Subjects had no past history of psychiatric disorders and physical illness. Subjects had normal sleep-waking cycle without current sleep disturbances and were all right-handed (Annett's Hand Preference Questionnaire: above +9 points). To minimize the learning effects, familiarization with the Vienna Test System was performed one day before the study. Subjects were to get up at 6:00 in the morning after getting enough sleep according to his or her usual sleep-wake cycle. After awakening, subjects remained awake for 38 hours under continuous surveillance. During two consecutive study days, the subjects tested MPS at 7 AM and 7 PM each day, which means the MPS was done four times in total. During the experiment, anything that could affect the subjects' sleep such as coffee, tea, alcohol, a nap, tiring sports, and all medications were prohibited. Results: In MPS, the fine motor functions of both hands decreased after 38 hours of sleep deprivation. The decrement in motor performance was prominent in the dominant right hand. In the right hand, the total number of tapping was reduced (p<.005), and the number of misses (p<.05) and the length of misses (p<.05) of line tracking, the total length of inserting a short pin (p<.01), the total length of inserting a long pin (p<.05), and the number of misses in aiming (p<.05) increased. Such performance decrement was distinct in the morning sessions. Conclusions: These results suggest that fine motor performance decrement during sleep deprivation is predominant in the right hand, which exerts maximal motor function. The finding of decrement in motor function in tapping during sleep deprivation also suggested that the time required for exhaustion of muscles is shortened during sleep deprivation. More deterioration of motor performance was shown in the morning, which could be explained as circadian rhythm effects.

태권도 수련 정도와 인성발달의 관계

이규형(Kyu Hyung Lee),송형석(Hyeong Seok Song) 한국사회체육학회 2002 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.18 No.1

This study aims to find out the relationship between the training of Taekwondo and the development of character for the pupils of primary schools. For the purpose of this study, the groups who get Taekwondo training and the groups who do not were compared to find any differences in the levels of character development according to their training. Next, the trainees in the training groups were observed to find the differences in each sub-factor according to the individuals` demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds. Finally, the trainees in the training groups of Taekwondo were also compared to find any differences in the levels of character development according to the levels of their training. As for the subjects of the study, the 3∼6 graders of the primary schools located in Seoul are the population, the area sampling and the cluster sampling are used side by side, and 2,139 pupils are the efficient sampling chosen from those who have received the training more than one year and those who have not received any training. As for the subjects of the study, the 3-6 graders of the primary schools located in Seoul are the population, the area sampling and the cluster sampling are used side by side, and 2,139 pupils are the efficient sampling chosen from those who have received the training more than one year and those who have not received any training. The findings of this study were as follows: First, in the comparative analysis of the differences in the levels of the character development according to the training of Taekwondo, the pupils who are trained more than a year on end show noticeable statistical higher levels in all the seven sub-factors of character than the pupils who are not. Second, it was analyzed whether the demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds according to the sexes, the grades, the school records, the levels of the domestic economy, the schooling of the parents, and the jobs of the parents influence the character development of the Taekwondo trainees. The higher the grades are, the higher the levels of the character development become proportionally. In the analyses according the sexes, the character of the schoolboys shows relatively higher levels compared with the schoolgirls in all areas except Attention, and there are noticeable statistical differences in Competency, Leadership, and Respect & Manner. The school records show phenomena remarkably proportionate to character, and in particular, the higher the levels of Attention, Competency, and Leadership become, the higher they are likely to be. In terms of the levels of the domestic economy, Patience, Attention, Competency, Self-esteem, and Leadership show noticeably high statistical differences. In terms of the schooling of the parents, there are differences in average scores both in the fathers and mothers, but there are no noticeable statistical differences. These results show that the schooling of the parents do not influence the character development of the pupils noticeably. Third, in the analysis of the differences of the character development according to the grades of the training of Taekwondo, the levels of the character development show noticeably high statistical differences according to the grades in all the sub-factors forming character.

연료전지 전력시스템을 위한 2kW 양방향 저전압 컨버터

윤혜성(Hye-Sung Yoon),이우석(Woo-Seok Lee),이상연(Sang-Youn Lee),송형석(Hyung-Seok Song),이일운(Il-Oun Lee) 전력전자학회 2021 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

본 논문은 연료전지 전력시스템을 위한 2kW 양방향 저전압 컨버터를 발표한다. Boost 동작 시 높은 승압비의 극복과 Buck 동작 시 넓은 입출력 범위 내에서 고효율 달성을 위해 2단 구조를 채택하고 각 단의 최적화를 진행하였다. 출력 rms 전류 Stress 분산을 위해 인터리빙 동작을 적용하였으며, 자성체 오차로 인한 영향을 최소화하기 위해 권선 적층형 구조의 트랜스포머를 개발하였다. 본 논문은 프로토타입의 설계와 제작, 그 실험 결과를 발표한다.

항균 활성을 가진 천연약재의 검색

송형석,이지연,오성준,백남인,김해영 경희대학교 생명자원과학연구원 2000 硏究論文集 Vol.21 No.-

We investigated the antimicrobial activity of the hot-water extracts and methanol extracts from medicinal plants. Sixty-two samples were tested by disk diffusion method at concentrations of 5,000ppm and 10,000ppm. Seven species of medicinal plants showed a significant antimicrobial activity against various food-borne microorganisms.

한국 엘리트스포츠 발달의 정치적 배경에 관한 연구 : 60년대부터 80년대까지 from 60s to 80s

송형석,김홍식 師範大學 體育硏究所 1997 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the political affect to Korean elite sport was developed dramatically along the Korean modern age, in 60s, 70s, and 80s. To proceed this, I presumed that the dramatic development of Korean elite sport was caused by polical intention in large part. And under this I tried to give the various example sourses supporting this preposition. The relationship between politic and sport is said that sport is used as polical means. It means that although politic and sport is under interacting process, politic have major power on sport. If this is true, what polical intention is imposed on sport? First, politic use sport as symbolic propaganda effect. In fact, if a national team made a briliant record in international game of if a government held a international game such as Olympic or world cup game and finished successfully, this fact could make better image about the country which affect the international hierachy. Secondly, sport is used as means to bind people. Under Park Jung hui government, sport was used as this effect by a series of policies and laws such as National Sport Promotion Law in 1962.