Study on Crossing Tendencies of Birds by Road Type for Validation of Wildlife Crossing Structures Targeting Avian Species

송의근,이화수,박희복,우동걸,박태진,Su-Won Chun,Seung-Woo Sim,차현기,Anya Lim,최태영 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2018 Journal of Forest Science Vol.34 No.2

The purpose of this study is to compare the bird crossing of roads by type (Expressway 1, railroad-provincial road and Highway 4) and the crossing of roads according to the size of birds. The greatest number of avian species and individuals crossing road per 10 minutes were found on railroad-provincial road (8.96±1.92 and 29.33±11.94, respectively), while the lowest number of avian species and individuals were found on Expressway 1 (2.96±1.04 and 6.13±2.89, respectively), which has the widest width. In addition, the number of small-sized bird (<20 cm) crossing the Expressway 1, railroad-provincial road, and Highway 4 was lower than that of the medium-sized bird (≥20 cm). Current wildlife crossing structures have been focused on mammals, amphibians and reptiles, but future structures should also consider birds.

공간 군집지역 탐색방법에 따른 로드킬 다발구간 분석

송의근,서현진,김경민,우동걸,박태진,최태영 한국환경영향평가학회 2019 환경영향평가 Vol.28 No.6

This study analyzed roadkill hotspots in Yeongju, Mungyeong-si Andong-si and Cheongsong-gun to compare the method of searching the area of the spatial cluster for selecting the roadkill hotspots. The local spatial autocorrelation index Getis-Ord Gi* statistics were calculated by different units of analysis, drawing hotspot areas of 9% from 300 m and 14% from 1 km on the basis of the total road area. The rating of Z-score in the 1km hotspot area showed the highest Z-score in the 28th National Road section on the border between Yecheon-gun and Yeongj-si. The kernel density method performed general kernel density estimation and network kernel density estimation analysis, both of which made it easier to visualize roadkill hotspots than district unit analysis, but there were limitations that it was difficult to determine statistically significant priority. As a result, local hotspot areas were found to be different according to the cluster analysis method, and areas that are in common need of reduction measures were found to be the hotspot of 28th National Road through Yeongju-si and Yecheon-gun. It is deemed that the results of this study can be used as basic data when identifying roadkill hotspots and establishing measures to reduce roadkill. 본 연구는 로드킬 다발구간을 선정하기 위한 공간 군집지역 탐색방법을 비교하기 위하여 영주시, 문경시, 안동시, 청송군 로드킬 핫스팟 분석을 수행하였다. 국지적 공간 자기상관 지수인 Getis-Ord Gi* 통계량은 분석 단위를 달리하여 산출하였으며, 전체 도로면적 기준으로 300m에서 9%, 1km에서 14%의 핫스팟 지역을 도출하였다. 1km 단위 핫스팟 지역의 Z-score를 5개로 등급화한 결과, 예천군과 영주시 경계에 있는 28번 국도 구간의 Z-score가 가장 높게 나타났다. 커널 밀도 방법은 일반 커널 밀도 추정과 네트워크 커널 밀도 추정 분석을 수행하였다. 두 방법 모두 구역 단위의 분석보다 로드킬 다발구간의 시각적 확인이 용이했으나, 통계적으로 유의한 우선순위를 산정하기 어려운 한계가 있었다. 결과적으로 군집 분석 방법에 따라 국지적인 핫스팟 지역이 다르게 나타나고 있음이 확인되었으며, 공통적으로 저감 대책이 시급한 지역은 영주시와 예천군을 통과하는 28번 국도의 다발구간으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 로드킬 다발구간 도출 및 저감 대책 수립시 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

생태통로 유형별 설치 현황 조사 연구

송의근,허수안,김일룡,김세희,이한비 (사)지오에이아이데이터학회 2023 GEO DATA Vol.5 No.4

Roads, railways and infrastructure are constructed with consideration of their environmental impacts, especially habitat fragmentation. Wildlife crossing structures increase the permeability of roads and other linear infrastructures for wildlife by allowing animals to safely cross under or over roads and by reducing the risk of wildlife-vehicle collosions. We investigated the location and type of 564 wildlife crossing structures in South Korea. Between April and October 2023, we identified 365 overpasses and 199 underpasses of wildlife crossing structures respectively. Gyeonggi-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do had the largest number of wildlife crossing structures. This study can provide basic information for the effective management of wildlife crossing structures.

정보화 투자사업의 평가기준 설정 및 우선순위 결정에 관한 연구

송의근 ( Aeu Guen Song ),김성언 ( Sung Eon Kim ) 한국정보시스템학회 2007 情報시스템硏究 Vol.16 No.3

원격탐사 기술을 이용한 세종특별자치시 금남면 금병산 일대 교목 군집 연구(2020-2021년)

김기현,송의근,이정현,김남신 (사)지오에이아이데이터학회 2023 GEO DATA Vol.5 No.4

Korea consists of 63% forested land, more than twice the global average (31%). Despite ongoing reforestation efforts since the initiation of erosion contron and greening project in 1973, many of the species planted during that plan were nonnative, such as <i>Pinus rigida</i> and <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i>. The study area, Sejong City, is undergoing various development activities. Given the anticipated influx of nonnative species and the reduction of plant biodiversity, accurate survey and analysis are essential for the conservation of Sejong City. In recent years, remote sensing techniques have been utilized as an alternative to traditional vegetation surveys. Remote sensing employs hyperspectral imagery, and LiDAR, allowing for faster and more accurate data collection and analysis without direct on-site access. This study utilized remote sensing technologies, including hyperspectral imagery and LiDAR, to collect forest resource information in Mt. Geumbyeong, Sejong City. The area around Mt. Geumbyeong, is characterized by <i>Quercus acutissima, Robinia pseudoacacia</i>, and <i>Pinus rigida</i>. In total, there are 19 species, with 43,657 individual trees, an average height of 16.91 m, an average breast height diameter of 38.85 cm, and an average age of 68.99 years. The aim is to provide fundamental data for forest management, urban forestry, and restoration efforts amid various disturbances, such as development activities, in the area. Subsequent and ongoing data collection through additional surveys and environmental assessments in the vicinity would enable the analysis of species-specific growth rates, the impact of disturbance factors, forest management, and health assessments over multiple years.

야생동물 이용빈도 및 종다양도를 활용한 생태통로 효율성 평가

우동걸,서현진,박태진,송의근,김경민,최태영 한국환경영향평가학회 2019 환경영향평가 Vol.28 No.6

본 연구는 백두대간 등 주요 생태축에 위치한 생태통로 49개소를 대상으로 야생동물 일평균 이용빈도 지표와 주변 서식지와 출현종의 수를 비교한 종다양도 지표를 활용하여 생태통로 효율성을 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 전체 생태통로 일평균 이용빈도는 1.4회였으며, 평균을 상회하는 생태통로는 17개로 전체의 34.7%로 확인되었다. 주변 서식종의 수와 출현종의 수가 동일한 종다양도 1.0 이상인 생태통로는 18개로 전체의 36.7%으로 나타났다. 일평균 이용빈도와 종다양도 모두 양호한 생태통로는 10개로 전체의 20.4%로 분석되었다. 효율성이 양호한 생태통로 중 4개소의 생태통로 지침 준수율 등에 대한 현장조사 결과를 검토한 결과, 위치선정·규격·식재 및 토양·유도울타리 등에서 덕산재 육교형 생태통로의 지침 준수율이 가장 양호했다. 본 연구결과는 신규 생태통로 및 기설치된 생태통로의 기능개선 등 생태통로 효율성 연구의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을것으로 판단된다. In this study, 49 major WCS(Wildlife Crossing Structure), including Baekdu-daegan, were evaluated for the effectiveness of WCS on using the daily average frequency index and diversity Index comparing the number of species that appear with the surrounding habitats. According to the analysis, the average use frequency of the entire WCS was 1.4 times, and the average number of WCS exceeded the average was 17 and 34.7 percent of the total. There were 18 WCS with the same number of habitats and species that appeared in the same area, or 36.7 percent of the total. The daily average use frequency and variety were all analyzed at 10 efficient WCS, accounting for 20.4 percent of the total. According to the results of an site survey on the compliance rate of 4 efficient WCS, the compliance rate of the Deoksanjae overpass was the best in location selection, specifications, vegetation cover and soil, fence. The results of this research will be used as basic data for the study of WCS effectiveness, including the improvement of functions of new and installed WCS.

제주도 노루 로드킬 방지를 위한 저감시설 대상지 선정방안 연구

김민지,장래익,유영재,이준원,송의근,오홍식,성현찬,김도경,전성우 한국환경복원기술학회 2023 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.26 No.5

The fragmentation of habitats resulting from human activities leads to the isolation of wildlife and it also causes wildlife-vehicle collisions (i.e. Road-kill). In that sense, it is important to predict potential habitats of specific wildlife that causes wildlife-vehicle collisions by considering geographic, environmental and transportation variables. Road-kill, especially by large mammals, threatens human safety as well as financial losses. Therefore, we conducted this study on roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus), a large mammal that causes frequently Road-kill in Jeju Island. So, to predict potential wildlife habitats by considering geographic, environmental, and transportation variables for a specific species this study was conducted to identify high-priority restoration sites with both characteristics of potential habitats and road-kill hotspot. we identified high-priority restoration sites that is likely to be potential habitats, and also identified the known location of a Road-kill records. For this purpose, first, we defined the environmental variables and collect the occurrence records of roe deer. After that, the potential habitat map was generated by using Random Forest model. Second, to analyze roadkill hotspots, a kernel density estimation was used to generate a hotspot map. Third, to define high-priority restoration sites, each map was normalized and overlaid. As a result, three northern regions roads and two southern regions roads of Jeju Island were defined as high-priority restoration sites. Regarding Random Forest modeling, in the case of environmental variables, The importace was found to be a lot in the order of distance from the Oreum, elevation, distance from forest edge(outside) and distance from waterbody. The AUC(Area under the curve) value, which means discrimination capacity, was found to be 0.973 and support the statistical accuracy of prediction result. As a result of predicting the habitat of C. pygargus, it was found to be mainly distributed in forests, agricultural lands, and grasslands, indicating that it supported the results of previous studies.

Where to spot: individual identification of leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) in South Korea

박희복,임정은,최태영,백승윤,송의근,박영철 한국생태학회 2019 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.43 No.4

Knowledge of abundance, or population size, is fundamental in wildlife conservation and management. Cameratrapping, in combination with capture-recapture methods, has been extensively applied to estimate abundance and density of individually identifiable animals due to the advantages of being non-invasive, effective to survey wideranging, elusive, or nocturnal species, operating in inhospitable environment, and taking low labor. We assessed the possibility of using coat patterns from images to identify an individual leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), a Class II endangered species in South Korea. We analyzed leopard cat images taken from Digital Single-Lense Relfex camera (high resolution, 18Mpxl) and camera traps (low resolution, 3.1Mpxl) using HotSpotter, an image matching algorithm. HotSpotter accurately top-ranked an image of the same individual leopard cat with the reference leopard cat image 100% by matching facial and ventral parts. This confirms that facial and ventral fur patterns of the Amur leopard cat are good matching points to be used reliably to identify an individual. We anticipate that the study results will be useful to researchers interested in studying behavior or population parameter estimates of Amur leopard cats based on capture-recapture models.

A core set of microsatellite loci for yellow‑throated marten, Martes flavigula: a case of inferences of family relationships

이선미,문희창,전혜숙,송의근,우동걸,안정화,이무영 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.12

Background Microsatellite markers are an ideal molecular marker for population genetic studies such as population structure, pedigree, and kinship. The yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula) is widely distributed in coniferous and deciduous forests of eastern Asia and plays the role of an indicator and umbrella species in South Korea, given the absence of top predators such as tiger and leopard. Objective The aim of our study was to establish a core set of microsatellite markers that could be used for a population genetics study on M. flavigula. Methods We characterized 21 di-motif microsatellites for M. flavigula by Illumina next-generation sequencing. We evaluated them for a population genetics study against five established criteria together with 33 previously developed microsatellites. We calculated relatedness values between individual yellow-throated martens in two groups that were suspected to be siblings using the selected core set of markers to confirm applicability. Results Twenty-three loci were determined as the core set of microsatellite markers. The probability of identity P(ID) and probability of identity between siblings P(ID)sib of the core set was estimated as 2− 15 and 2.2−7, respectively. Relatedness values between individuals in the two groups of M. flavigula revealed that one of the pairs was sisters, confirming that the core set can be applied to kinship studies. Conclusion The developed microsatellite core set in this study is expected to contribute to studies on molecular ecology and population structure of M. flavigula.

Assessing Compliance with the Wildlife Crossing Guideline in South Korea

우동걸,박희복,Hyeong-Soo Seo,문호경,송의근,Anya Lim,최태영 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2018 Journal of Forest Science Vol.34 No.2

To restore the connectivity of fragmented habitats, 415 wildlife crossings have been built between 1998 and 2014 in South Korea. However, their effect on wildlife conservation is still in doubt. As a first step to examine the effectiveness, our study aims to assess compliance with the guideline for wildlife crossing construction and management, developed by the Ministry of Environment Korea that provides fundamental information to understand the status and the problem of wildlife crossings in Korea and thus to provide practical guidance for the improvement. According to our survey, the Korea National Park Service complied with the guideline best (62.5%) while local government followed the guideline least (46.1%). In addition, the compliance rate was the highest for wildlife crossings in national roads (53.6%) followed by highways (53.2%) and local and municipal roads (52.2%). For the overpass wildlife crossings, the compliance rates for installation of an escaping facility in the drainage and prevention of pedestrian and vehicle access were particularly low. In case of underpass wildlife crossings, small ditches for amphibians and reptiles were not sufficient, and the linkage between wildlife fences and underpass were weak. In order to ensure the effectiveness of wildlife crossings, the effort to increase the compliance rate with the guideline is critical, and mandating the guideline could be a practical way to enforce the compliance.