미국 관세청의 선적전 추가 보안관련 정보 제출법안(10+2 Rule)에 관한 연구

송선욱 ( Seon Uk Song ) 한국통상정보학회 2008 통상정보연구 Vol.10 No.4

EU의 AEO 운영에 따른 평가와 시사점

송선욱(Seon-Uk Song) 한국관세학회 2015 관세학회지 Vol.16 No.4

Increased supply chain security is due to some problems i..e. increased threats from illegal and antagonistic threats, limitation of customs control on international cargoes, etc. To overcome these problems, customs authority is necessary to cooperate with trading circles. There are many kinds of Customs-to-Business partnership programs. AEO program is the one of thess programs. AEO program is started as a part of the WCO SAFE Framework of 2005. AEO has been introduced in the European Union(EU) in January 2008. There are three AEO certificate type in EU, namely AEO-C, AEO-S, AEO-F. We can take some implications for effective operation of AEO program through eight years experiences of AEO operation in EU. Firstly, it is necessary to reduce security costs required for AEO certification through more cost effective measures for improving supply chain security and lower cost of security compliance. Secondly, it is necessary to conduct study on the effectiveness of AEO certification and to do the practical cost-benefit analysis. Thirdly, it is necessary to expand Mutual Recognition Agreement(MRA) in order to maximize benefit of AEO certification. The more MRA, the more benefit of AEO certification. Ultimately each country has to contribute to enhance the security of the international supply chain through effective management of AEO program.

비특혜원산지증명서 제도의 발전방안에 관한 연구

송선욱(Seon-Uk Song) 한국관세학회 2015 관세학회지 Vol.16 No.3

The rules of origin consist of criteria of the determination of origin, origin marking and certificate of origin, etc. The rules on criteria of the determination of origin and origin marking are very important and have been studying frequently. But certificate of origin is also important in international trading process. Origin is the “economic” nationality of goods in international trade. There are two kinds of certificate of origin, i.e. non-preferential and preferential certificate of origin. Non-preferential origin is used for determining the origin of products subject to all kinds of commercial policy measures (such as anti-dumping measures, countervailing duties, trade embargoes, safeguard and retaliation measures, quantitative restrictions) or tariff quotas, and statistical purposes. There are some problems of the non-preferential certificate of origin, i.e. origin laundering, issuance of false or fictitious certificate of origin. Therefore, it is necessary to improve management method of the non-preferential certificate of origin in order to overcome problems of the non-preferential certificate of origin. Through the analysis of the WCO Revised Kyoto Convention, Specific Annex K and the rules of the non-preferential certificate of origin in U.S., EU, Chana and Japan, improvement plans for non-preferential certificates of origin in Korea are suggested as follows. Firstly, it is necessary to establish the manufacturer database in order to identify origin of the product, the rules of origin in import country and accuracy of origin application information effectively. Secondly, authorities or bodies empowered to issue a non-preferential certificate of origin should have the field-verification authority in order to verify the accuracy of origin application information

무역과 운송 원활화 효과 측정 방법에 관한 연구

송선욱(Seon-Uk Song) 한국관세학회 2015 관세학회지 Vol.16 No.1

It is necessary to establish effective trade control system for continuous trade and transport facilitation. In order to improve trade and transport facilitation consistently, countries have to endeavor to establish their own sustainable mechanism to monitor the effectiveness of trade and transport facilitation reforms and measures and identify solutions to optimize trade and transport process. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt sustainable trade and transport facilitation monitoring mechanism as follows. Firstly, it is necessary to adopt Business Process Analysis(BPA) project expeditiously. BPA is a systematic examination of business processes in order to gain better understanding and to develop improvement strategies. Secondly, it is necessary to establish an executive body which participate in representatives of every stakeholder on the international business process. Thirdly, it is necessary to start with a relatively smaller scope and business domain that have strategic importance. Fourthly, it is necessary to raise awareness of relevant decision makers in respect of the necessity of trade facilitation and business process analysis and to establish systematic training mechanism for parties concerned with BPA project.

미국의 국제항공화물 보안 강화 조치에 관한 연구

송선욱(Seon-Uk Song) 한국관세학회 2012 관세학회지 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this study is to improve and strengthen the international air cargo security. U.S. CBP and TSA have been implementing many kinds of air cargo security measures. Despite such efforts, air cargo is a potential target for terrorists. So, it is necessary to supplement air cargo security measures as follows ; Firstly, specialized and intensified training and education are required for all employees with access to air cargo. Secondly, intensified pre-employment verification and background checks are required for prospective employees and current employees. Thirdly, authorities with relation to air cargo security are necessary to require the reporting of cargo information before it is loaded onto an aircraft at the airport of departure in order to have sufficient time and information to identify high-risk shipments. Lastly, it is required to closely cooperation and communication between authorities with relation to air cargo security.

국제공급망 보안을 위한 수입세관으로의 송화인 정보제공 의무에 관한 연구

송선욱(Seon-uk Song) 한국관세학회 2011 관세학회지 Vol.12 No.3

As the trade volume in the whole world has been growing consistently, risks of consignments across the border has been growing, too. The customs services is making effort to manage the consignments arriving into the their own countries. The advance electronic submission of customs data to customs is core instrument to strengthen security and facilitate. The developed countries including U.S. is requiring to submit information of the consignments to the carrier and the importer. But the consignor, who holds the key to the majority of that information is outside the jurisdiction of the importing country’s authorities so they turn to the carrier and the importer instead. The cargo consignor is the primary source of data needed to meet many of the regulatory requirements of the international trade supply chain. So, it is important to make the consignor submit information of consignment to customs in importing country. The answer rests in international legislation through the international legal framework, i.e. international convention or international agreements, etc. And it is necessary to make the national laws that the consignor has to submit information of consignment to customs in importing country

세관 청렴성 강화 방안에 관한 연구

송선욱(Seon-Uk Song) 한국관세학회 2014 관세학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Integrity is a critical issue for all nations and for all Customs administrations. Especially, Customs administrations are required high levels of integrity. They are susceptible to corruption because of the monopoly power, discretionary power and complexity of their works. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the integrity of Customs administrations consistently. This study can suggest the plans for improvement of Customs integrity in Korea through the analysis of the ten elements contained in the WCO Revised Arusha Declaration and WCO Revised integrity development guide and of integrity programs in U.S. CBP and ACBPS. Firstly, the scope which discretionary powers can be exercised should be clearly defined. And Customs administration needs to monitor the exercise of employee discretion. Secondly, it is necessary to prepare the rules and standards for the use of alcoholic beverages in order to maintaining the dignity of Customs staffs. Thirdly, Korea Customs Service should strengthen training and professional development to Customs personnel for maintaining high ethical standards. Fourthly, ‘the Customs-Business cooperation committee for Anti-corruption’ can be establish to encourage the provision of information to identify unusual or suspicious activity related to illegal activities.

국경안전 및 무역원활화에 기여하는 UCR의 이해와 적용

송선욱(Seon-Uk Song) 한국관세학회 2006 관세학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Unique consignment reference(UCR) is a reference number for Customs authorities to facilitate legitimate international trade, at the same time, for efficient and effective audit-based controls. UCR provides the Trade with a tracking capability, Customs with a' Source to Destination' audit trail, and access to the underlying commercial data that is of interest to Customs and other regulatory bodies. In order to guarantee Trade facilitation and security, efforts for effective application of UCR needs as follows; Firstly, international cooperation for unification of UCR numbering structure Secondly, to be used for all international trade transactions. Thirdly, modification of trade declaration process to use UCR practically. Lastly, to be harmonized UCR with RFID, Radio Frequency Identification.

관세법상 수출입 안전관리 우수공인업체 제도의 효과적 운영 방향

송선욱(Seon-Uk Song) 한국관세학회 2008 관세학회지 Vol.9 No.3

Since the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 in U.S.A., a number of initiatives that have the aim of strengthening security in the international supply chain have been made. Customs-Business Partnership programs among such initiatives are being introduced, developed and implemented in developed countries in order to ensure the security of the international trade supply chain and to overcome limitation of control goods moving across the border in customs adminstration. Customs-Business Partnership programs include US C-TPAT, Canada's Partners in Protection(PIP), EU's AEO, and Sweden's StairSec Programme. Korean Customs Services has introduces AEO program in the end of 2007. EU and Australia conducted AEO Pilot project before implementation of AEO program. There are effective methods to operate Authorized Economic Operators System in Korea through lessons learned by AEO Pilot projects in EU and Australia, as follows. ① Pilot project should be conducted before implementation of AEO program. ② AEO guideline for each economic operators should be drawn up. ③ AEO programs is operated not compulsively but voluntarily. ④ All security certificates already issued should be taken into account. ⑤ A client coordinator or contact point in Customs should be appointed for effective communication with AEO. ⑥ AEOs could require security declaration to their partners in order to have an end-to-end supply chain security. ⑦ Customs could demonstrate collateral or direct benefits to AEOs who have made supply chain security investments. ⑧ AEO program should be driven to achieve mutual recognition which recognize AEO status in another country.

세관 사전전자정보 제출과 Incoterms 2010 보안관련 정보제공의무 규정과의 관계

송선욱(Seon-Uk Song) 한국관세학회 2011 관세학회지 Vol.12 No.1

In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the developed countries including U. S. began developing antiterrorism programs to help secure their own countries. The advance electronic submission of Customs data in antiterrorism programs assists Customs authorities more effective targeting high risk consignments prior to their physical arrival in their countries. Incoterms 2010, which came into effect on January 1, 2011, had regulated the obligation of seller to provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer security-related information. The advance electronic submission of Customs data and A10 of various Incoterms 2010 rules have same aims to secure the international supply chain. The advance electronic submission and sellers 'obligation of assistance in obtaining security-related information in Incoterms 2010 will make impacts on sellers as follows ; Firstly, it is obligatory to provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer security-related information. Secondly, the buyers will make a claim against the breach of sellers' obligation in A10 Incoterms 2010. The sellers(exporters) should identify advance Customs data in each counter countries(importing countries) and manage the security-related information effectively.