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ROC 분석을 이용한 수질자동측정소 실시간 남조류 측정의 정확성 평가 및 경보기준 설정
송상환 ( Sanghwan Song ),박종환 ( Jonghwan Park ),강태우 ( Tae-woo Kang ),김영석 ( Young-suk Kim ),김지현 ( Jihyun Kim ),강태구 ( Taegu Kang ) 한국물환경학회 2017 한국물환경학회지 Vol.33 No.2
In order to evaluate the accuracy of real-time measurement of cyanobacterial fluorescence needed to predict cyanobacterial blooms, this research examined 357 pairs of data (from 2013-2016) consisting of both microscopic toxic cyanobacterial cell counts and concurrent real-time cyanobacterial concentrations, from two sites (YS1 and YS2) in the Yeongsan river. The high level of real-time cyanobacterial concentration was associated with exceeding 5,000 cyanobacterial cells/ml (odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.12) and 10,000 cells/ml (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.12) at YS2 site. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the real-time cyanobacterial measurement at the YS2 site was 0.93; hence the measurement provides a highly accurate detection of cyanobacterial blooms. On the ROC curve, the early alert levels of real-time cyanobacteria ranging from 16 to -23 μg chl-a/L would produce an acceptable sensitivity of 79% and specificities greater than 90%. The real-time fluorescence measurement was an accurate indicator of cyanobacteria and can serve as a tool for detecting toxic cyanobacterial bloom events in the Yeongsan river.
Benzoyl Peroxide의 반복투여 독성과 생식 및 발생독성
송상환(Sanghwan Song),김수현(Su-Hyon Kim),배희경(Heekyung Bae),김미경(Mikyung Kim),구현주(Hyun Ju Koo),박광식(Kwangsik Park),이상균(Sangkyun Lee),박중훈(Joonghoon Park),최은실(Eun-Sil Choi),이문순(Moon-Soon Lee) 한국독성학회 2003 Toxicological Research Vol.19 No.2
This study was carried out to assess the combined repeated dose, reproduction and developmental toxicities of benzoyl peroxide for OECD SIDS (Screening Information Data Set) program. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to benzoyl peroxide at dose levels of 0, 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg/day for 29 days for males and for 41~51 days for females. No deaths were found in all animals including control group during exposure period. No hematological effects attributable to benzoyl peroxide were observed in all treated groups. Significant decrease in the weight of testes and epididymis were observed in males at 1,000 mg/kg/day. In females at 1,000 mg/kg/day, slight histopathological effects in uterus such as epithelial vacuolation or hyperplasia were observed. No treatment-related changes in precoital time and rate of copulation, fertility and gestation period were noted in all treated groups. There was no evidence of teratogenic effect of benzoyl peroxide, but body weight of pups at 1,000 mg/kg/day was significantly decreased. NOAEL for combined repeated dose and reproduction/developmental toxicity was 500 mg/kg/day.
AOPWIN을 이용한 Acetanilide의 광분해 특성 평가
권민정,최윤호,송상환,박혜연,구현주,정성환,나진균,박광식 한국환경독성학회 2001 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.16 No.3
Acetanilide is a High Production Volume Chemical, which is produced about 2,300 tons/year in Korea as of 1998 survey. Most is used as an intermediate for synthesis of pharmaceuticals and dyes, and the chemical is one of seven chemicals of which human and environmental risk are being assessed by National Institute of Environmental Research under the frame of OECD SIDS program. The Atmospheric Oxidation Program for Microsoft Windows (AOPWIN) is used to estimates the rate constant for the atmospheric, gas-phase reaction between photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and organic chemicals. It is also used to estimates the rate constant for the gas-phase reaction between ozone and olefinic/acetylenic compounds. The rate constants estimated by the program are then used to calculate atmospheric half-lives for organic compounds based upon average atmospheric concentrations of hydroxyl radicals and ozone. AOPWIN requires only a chemical structure to make these predictions. Structures are entered into AOPWIN by SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System) notations. In this study, one of environmental fate/distribution of the chemical elements, photodegradation of acetanilide was estimated using AOPWIN model based on SMILES notation and chemical name data.
BCF WIN을 이용한 Acetanilide의 생물농축특성 평가
권민정,최윤호,송상환,박혜연,구현주,박광식 한국환경독성학회 2001 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.16 No.4
Acetanilide is a High Production Volume Chemical, which is produced about 2,300 tons/year in Korea as of 1998 survey, Most is used as an intermediate for synthesis of pharmaceuticals and dyes. The chemical is one of seven chemicals, which are under the frame of OECD SIDS program sponsored by National Institute of Environmental Research of Korea, Regarding the information on the environmental fate, bioconcentration is one of important factor to estimate the environmental tranfer. However, measurement of bioconcentration needs high expense and time. For this reason, OECD recommends to use BCFWIN model to estimate bioconcentration of organic chemicals. BCFWIN estimates the bioconcentration factor(BCF) of an organic compound using the log octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of the compound. Structures are entered into BCFWIN through SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System) notations, The BCFWIN method classifies a compound as either ionic or non-ionic. Ionic compounds include carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids and salts of sulfonic acids, and charged nitrogen compounds (nitrogen with a +5 valence such as quaternary ammonium compounds). All other compounds are classified as non-ionic. In this study, bioaccumulation of acetanilide was estimated using BCFWIN model based on SMILES notation, chemical name data and partition coefficient as one of environmental fate/distribution of the chemical elements.
EQC모델을 이용한 Acetanilide의 환경중 분포예측
박광식,권민정,최윤호,송상환,박혜연,구현주 한국환경독성학회 2001 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.16 No.3
Acetanilide is a High Production Volume Chemical, which is produced about 2,300 tons/year in Korea as of 1998 survey. Most is used as an intermediate for synthesis of pharmaceuticals and dyes and the chemical is one of seven chemicals of which human and environmental risks are being assessed by National Institute of Environmental Research under the frame of OECD SIDS program. The chemical is water soluble (4 g/l at 20℃) and readily biodegradable (68.7%). Partition coeff iciency (Log Pow) is 1.16 at 23? so that the chemical has a low potential for bioaccumulation. The acute toxicities of algae, daphnia and fish are not high. The 72 hr-E_(b)C50 of algae is 13.5 mg/1, 48 hr-EC50 of daphnia is over 100 mg/l and 96 hr-LC50 of Oryzias latipes is over 100 mg/l. Regarding the exposure, levels in air, water, soil or sediment have not been monitored or estimated so that risk evaluation of acetanilide was not possible. In this study, distribution of the chemical among environmental media was estimated using EQC model based on the chemical-physical properties. In Level Ⅰ and Ⅱ of which the chemical are hypothesized in equilibrium and no transfer through the media, more than 98% of acetanilide are estimated to be distributed in water. However, in Level Ⅲ of which non-equilibrium and intermedia transfer could be occurred, the chemical is estimated to distributed to soil as 51.8% and water as 47.8% as of total amount.