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( Woonsung Na ),송대섭 ( Daesub Song ) 대한인수공통전염병학회 2018 창립총회 및 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2018 No.1
Influenza viruses have continuously evolved into multiple mutant strains from several regions, resulting in aggravated endemic or epidemic outbreak conditions. In the 2000s, several outbreaks of inter-species transmission were reported, such as, the avian H3N2 influenza virus that crossed the host barrier to dogs. It showed a distribution similar to that of the avian sialic acid (SA) receptor, which enables the invading virus to enter the target cell. The inter-species transmission gave rise to the H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) that spread from East Asia to North America. The newly emerged H3N2 CIV was likely to infect to cats; however, ferrets, which had an SA receptor-binding pattern similar to that of humans, were not suitable natural hosts. In addition to avian-to-dog transmission, we found evidence for the transmission of human seasonal H3N2 and pandemic (pdm) H1N1 viruses to dogs. Serum samples collected from field dogs revealed human H3N2 infection in dogs since 2008, and pdm H1N1 infection alone or in combination with H3N2 CIV after 2009. The infectivity of pdm H1N1 and seasonal H3N2 viruses in dogs was proven when artificial inoculation of the viruses with active viral shedding in dogs caused pathologic changes in the lungs. Studies on sero-prevalence and artificial infection suggested the possibility of co-infection of and reassortment between the two viruses in dogs; later, H3N1 and variants of M-variant H3N2 reassortants between pandemic H1N1/2009 and prototype H3N2 CIV were isolated. We isolated 23 CIV reassortants from a naturally co-infected dog, and found that the M gene of pdm H1N1 and the HA gene of H3N2 CIV were predominant in reassortants that showed increased virulence in mice. Notably, the H3N2 CIV with the matrix gene of the pdm H1N1 virus showed more efficient transmission in ferrets than the classic H3N2 CIV. Recently, the H5 lineage of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus has spread in Asia. There is some concern regarding the potential transmission of HPAI viruses into dogs. We have found that dogs are susceptible to HPAI clade 1.1.2 (H5N1), 2.3.2.1c (H5N1), and 2.3.4.4 (H5N6). Infected dogs showed clinical signs, suggesting that dogs co-infected with HPAI could act as intermediate hosts for avian-human influenza virus reassortment. Dogs are an integral part of family life, sharing our lifestyles, houses, and even beds. We had previously shown the possibility of inter-species virus transmissions and natural reassortments in dogs. These results implied that this primary companion animal, which lives in closer proximity to humans than pigs, might act as a mixing vessel or a source of novel influenza A virus in humans. Our findings emphasized the necessity of intensive monitoring for influenza infection in companion animals for investigating the potential for the emergence of novel human influenza strains.
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