고려엉겅퀴 재배지에서 발생한 우리대벌레 공간분포 및 기주식물

손민웅,정충렬,권기면,정철의 한국응용곤충학회 2020 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.59 No.4

고려엉겅퀴는 강원도에서 곤드레라는 음식 재료로 재배하는 작물이다. 고려엉겅퀴에 대한 정기적인 병해충 모니터링 중 우리대벌레의 국부적인 발생으로 인한 큰 피해를 발견하였고, 우리대벌레의 동정과 생태학적 특성을 보고한다. 본 조사는 2019년 5월 28일부터 동년 10월 1일까지 강원도 정선군에 있는 3곳의 고려엉겅퀴 재배지에서 실시하였다. 해당 포장에서 채집한 우리대벌레의 형태적, 분자 생물적 분석으로 대벌레과 (Phasmida) 계열의 Ramulus koreanus Kwon Ha et Lee로 동정하였다. 우리대벌레는 6월 11일부터 8월 22일까지 고려엉겅퀴 포장에서 발생하였으며, 7월 23일에 최대 발생 밀도를 보였다. Taylor‘s power law와 Greens index를 이용하여 공간분포를 분석한 결과 무작위로 분포하는 것 을 확인하였다. 우리대벌레의 고려엉겅퀴 일일 섭식량은 성충 기준 60.98 ± 4.35 cm2 였으며, 주요 기주식물은 가래나무와 아로니아였다. 우리 대벌레 발생 메커니즘과 우리대벌레가 농업과 산림 생태계에 미칠 수 있는 영향 및 농작물 피해를 줄이기 위해 그 방법을 추구할 것이다. The Korean thistle (Cirsium setidens) is grown in Gangwon province as a food ingredient called gondre. Based on regular monitoring of Korean thistle cultivation, we detected local outbreaks of a stick insect causing severe damage. Here we report the identification of the stick insect and its ecological characteristics. The survey involved 3 farms located in Jeongeon-gun, Gangwon province and lasted from May 28 to October 1 in 2019. According to morphological and DNA analyses the stick insect was identified as Ramulus koreanus Kwon Ha and Lee. a member of the family Phasmatidae. Its outbreak in the Korean thistle farms was observed from June 11 to August 22 with peak density on July 23. Spatial distribution analyses, using Taylors power law and Greens index showed that R. koreanus was uniformally distributed. Food consumption rate of Korean thistle leaves was estimated as 60.98±4.35 cm2/day/adult. The main food plants were identified as Juglans mandshurica and Aronia melanocarpa. Further study needs to pursue the mechanism of the outbreak and its possible impact on agricultural and forest ecosystems. Additionally, means to relieve crop damage need to be identified.

밀원수 18종의 화밀 분비량과 꽃 특성에 따른 식물-화분매개곤충 상호작용 분석

손민웅,이관희,정철의 한국양봉학회 2023 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.38 No.3

Honey plants provide nectar and pollen to diverse pollinators. The increase in land use has led to the destruction of food sources and habitats for pollinators, significantly threatening the diversity and abundance of pollinators. Measuring the nectar secretion amount from the flower and also from the tree is an important step assessing the qualification of the honey plant. We aim to analyze the flower characteristics and nectar secretion quantities of honey plants distributed near forests and agricultural areas in mid Korea. In addition, the pollinator interaction was analyzed based on the inflorescence characteristics of the 18 plants. The nectar secretion volume per flower was highest in the Firmiana simplex at 1.60±0.13 μL, while it was lowest in the Acer palmatum at 0.02±0.00 μL. The number of pollinator species that participated in the honey plant-pollinator interaction was 46 species, 38 genera and 24 families with 4,405 interactions. From all tree species, either Apis mellifera or Apis cerana was the predominant flower vistor. The analysis of floral characteristics and pollinator interactions revealed that the panicle inflorescence shape, rosaceous corolla shape, and yellow corolla color represented the highest frequency of visits by pollinators. The results explain the possible reason for selective attraction to some honey plants.

사과원 피복 초생의 개화가 화분매개자 네트워크와 사과 생산에 미치는 영향

손민웅,정철의 한국응용곤충학회 2021 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.60 No.1

화분매개는 속씨식물 번식에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 화분매개 곤충은 식물 다양성과 밀접한 관계를 가지며, 농작물 생산성 향상에 기여 한다. 사과원 내 식물 다양성은 과수와 주변부, 그리고 하부 식생에 의해 결정된다. 본 연구는 사과꽃 개화기에 서양민들레 등 초생이 피복된 사과 원과 초생이 없는 과수원에서 화분매개자의 다양성과 네트워크, 그리고 결실률과 생산된 과실의 크기 차이를 분석하였다. 경북 안동시 길안면 소재 각 5개의 사과원에서 2020년 4월 사과 개화기에 이루어졌다. 사과와 같은 시기 개화하는 초생은 민들레가 우점이었다. 두 사과원 유형에 따른 꿀벌수는 통계적으로 차이가 없었으나, 전체 풍부도 및 검정파리류와 뒤영벌류의 풍부도는 초생 피복 사과원에서 높았다. 민들레 피복 사과원에서 화분매개자 16 그룹과 801개 상호작용이, 초생 제거 사과원에서는 화분매개자 14개 그룹과 589개 식물-화분매개자 상호작용이 확인되었다. 또한, 초생 피복 사과원의 수확기 사과 크기가 더 컸다. 본 연구의 결과는 서양민들레 등 초생 피복은 봄철 화분매개자의 다양도를 증가시킬 수 있고, 수확기 과수의 크기에 긍적적 영향을 줄 수 있으며, 지속 가능한 사과원 경관관리를 위한 초생재배의 중요성을 확인시켜 주었다. Pollinators are not only crucial for plant reproduction, but also important for crop production. These pollinators are affected by the diversity of plants within orchards. Thus, the study investigated the effect of blooming on the ground cover on pollinator diversity, network, fruiting rates and subsequent apple size during harvest season in apple blooming period. Total ten orchards were selected; Five with ground covered mostly by dandelion while the another five without ground cover. The orchards with dandelion bloom showed 16 pollinator groups and 801 pollination network interaction, while 14 pollinator groups and 589 interaction were found from orchards without ground cover blooms. es. Overall pollinators’ abundances were not different. But bumble bees and caliphorid flies were more abundant in orchards with ground cover blooming. There was no significant in fruiting rates, but the apple size was significantly bigger in orchards with ground cover. These results may indicate that blooming on the ground cover during apple flowering season would increase pollinator diversity and influence fruit quality later on in apple orchards, and pose importance of floral diversity for sustainable apple production system.

경북과 강원지역 농업생태계에서 여름철 화분매개네트워크 다양성과 상호작용

손민웅(Minwoong Son),정성민(Seongmin Jung),정철의(Chuleui Jung) 한국양봉학회 2019 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.34 No.3

Correlation between environmental factors and springtail species (Hexapoda: Collembola) inhabiting Jangamgul Cave of Korea

장규동,손민웅,백승아,이탁기,금은선,Yong-Gun Choi,박경화 국립중앙과학관 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.15 No.3

This study was conducted with the purpose of comparing Collembolan species composition among habitats inside the cave and finding environmental variables that affect this species composition. Using a semi-quantitative sampling method, we studied the correlation between Collembolan species and environmental factors. Sampling frequencies were once every two months from May 2019 to May 2020 in three ecological zones. Collembola inhabiting inside Jangamgul Cave were found to have totaled 20 species, 15 genera, and 8 families. The highest Shannon diversity index was observed in site 1 with the highest abundance. There was, however, no significant difference in all species community indices. Soil moisture, air humidity, and soil pH showed significant differences between the three zones. However, Collembolan species composition seems to be more related to favorite environmental characteristicssuch as organic materials and habitat conditions than to these specific factors. Gulgastrura reticulosa Yosii, 1966, although found in the entrance zone, showed the characteristics of troglobite species because this zone has sparse places covered with leaf litter and soil which are called microcavern. Mesogastrura sp. was collected mostly from bat guano with soil piled up at twilight zone and dark zone with varying temperature. This species is considered guanophilous like other Mesogastrura species reported in caves of Europe.

산악 지역에서의 피나무(Tilia amurensis Rupr.) 개화시기와 성장온일도를 이용한 개화 진행 예측

김민중,손민웅,이주혁,정철의 한국농림기상학회 2022 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Tilia amurensis is an important honey plant. As T. amurensis mainly distributes mountainous area with various elevations in Korea, accurate prediction of blooming time at the different elevation would benefit forest beekeepers. In this study, we measured time-dependent blooming progress of T. amurensis in Mt. Gariwang area ranging from 500-1500m. Additionally we collected blooming data from web and published literatures and estimated the variation of blooming time relative to the geographic locations. Flowers began to bloom from July 6 to July 22 with full blooming on July 14 in location where elevation is 638m in Mt. Gariwang area in 2021. Based on these databases, a growing degree day (GDD) model was developed for prediction of T. amurensis blooming progress using average daily temperatures. Using the starting d ate of G DD accumulation of January 1 and base temperature of 5 ºC, blooming period ranging from 10% to 90% of cumulative blooming rate was estimated as 860-1198 degree days (DD). This corresponded to the beginning to the end of July in Mt. Gariwaning area in 2021. This model could explain the phenological variations of T. amurensis flower blooming possibly affected by elevation within geographic area, latitude or year relative to the climate change, and aid forest beekeepers for better timing of nectar foraging by honey bees. 본 연구는 국내 중요 밀원식물인 피나무가 주로 자생하는 산악 지역에서 개화시기를 예측하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 가리왕산 일대 해발 638m 지점 기준목에서 개화 진행을 모니터링 하고, 고도별 개화율을 관찰하였다. 또한 문헌자료, 웹자료, 개화 판별이 가능한 표본자료들을 수집하였다. 이 자료들을 이용하여 고도와 위도에 따른 개화기 변화를 확인하였다. 또한 누적 GDD를 이용하여 누적 개화율 모델을 개발하였다. GDD 계산은 5 ºC의 기준온도와 일별 최고, 최저 온도를 이용하였다. 일일 온일도를 1월 1일부터 누적할 경우 피나무 개화기는 860∼1198 DD로 추정되었다. 이 결과는 산림양봉이 이루어지는 산악지역에서 개화기 예측과 채밀 가능기간을 추정에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Current methodologies in construction of plant-pollinator network with emphasize on the application of DNA metabarcoding approach

Namin Saeed Mohamadzade,손민웅,정철의 한국생태학회 2022 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.46 No.2

Background: Pollinators are important ecological elements due to their role in the maintenance of ecosystem health, wild plant reproduction, crop production and food security. The pollinator-plant interaction supports the preservation of plant and animal populations and it also improves the yield in pollination dependent crops. Having knowledge about the plant-pollinator interaction is necessary for development of pesticide risk assessment of pollinators and conservation of endangering species. Results: Traditional methods to discover the relatedness of insects and plants are based on tracing the visiting pollinators by field observations as well as palynology. These methods are time-consuming and needs expert taxonomists to identify different groups of pollinators such as insects or identify flowering plants through palynology. With pace of technology, using molecular methods become popular in identification and classification of organisms. DNA metabarcoding, which is the combination of DNA barcoding and high throughput sequencing, can be applied as an alternative method in identification of mixed origin environmental samples such as pollen loads attached to the body of insects and has been used in DNA-based discovery of plant-pollinator relationship. Conclusions: DNA metabarcoding is practical for plant-pollinator studies, however, lack of reference sequence in online databases, taxonomic resolution, universality of primers are the most crucial limitations. Using multiple molecular markers is preferable due to the limitations of developed universal primers, which improves taxa richness and taxonomic resolution of the studied community.

Morphometric and molecular identification of the female castes of Bombus ignitus and B. ardens (Apidae: Hymenoptera)

Mohamadzade Namin Saeed,이흥식,손민웅,Jung Chuleui 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.3

Among Korean bumblebees, Bombus ignitus and B. ardens are relatively abundant and important for pollination of wildflowers and agricultural crops. Although the males are easily distinguishable phenotypically, the female castes are difficult to identify from each other. Here we evaluated the value of some morphometric characters in species identification. Also, we developed a polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to discriminate these similar species. In spite of statistically significant differences of some morphological characters between two species, overlapping quantitative traits hindered accurate identi fication of the species. However, using 435 bp of COI gene and AluI, BspHI and Earl restriction enzymes allowed molecular identifications of these two species with unique profiles from the digestion by these restriction en zymes. This method can also be applied for older specimens with some morphological characters damaged. We also developed species-specific primers for fast and cost-effective identification of these species.