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사회경제사로 윤색된 뉴라이트 ‘유교망국론’ - 이영훈, 『세종은 과연 성군인가』의 노비제론 비판
소순규(So, Soonkyu) 역사비평사 2021 역사비평 Vol.- No.136
This thesis aimed to criticize the contents of slavery in the Joseon Dynasty, mentioned in Lee Yeong-Hoon’s book 『Is Sejong Truly a Great King?』 published in 2018. As one of the reasons why Sejong cannot be a ‘great king’, Lee Yeong-Hoon’s book above points out that he largely contributed to the development of slavery system. Also, in Korean history, the slavery system was the most developed in the Joseon Dynasty, and during the 15th~17th century, the number of slaves was almost 40% of whole population. Moreover, the slaves in the Joseon Dynasty were described as the ‘socially-dead’ state after losing the dignity of man. And the ruling class defended the social order based on the Confucian justification. The characteristics of slavery system in the Joseon Dynasty mentioned in this book, are originally based on his research performance. Even though his researches on the slavery system in the Joseon Dynasty include very important contents in the research history, they have not been seriously reviewed or criticized in the academia. Moreover, this book includes many things that deny his academic argument or sensationally highlight the contents. Thus, this thesis first reviewed the critical points and significance in the research history by reviewing his academic argument. Next, this thesis also reviewed the contents of slavery system mentioned in 『Is Sejong Truly a Great King?』. Lastly, this thesis mentioned the ultimate contents that Lee Yeong-Hoon’s description of slavery system aimed for, shown in the book above. Eventually, he just added the socioeconomic interpretation to the old frame of the theory of national ruin by Confucianism through the slavery system.
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蘇淳圭 ( So Soonkyu ) 조선시대사학회 2018 朝鮮時代史學報 Vol.87 No.0
In the study on the finance of Joseon Dynasty, Gong-an(貢案) take a very important part. Gong-an(貢案), the national asset book, was the most important material for national finance operation along with the expense regulation, Hweng-gan(橫看). Such point was also perceived in the existing researches, however such research on the point has not been regularized so far. Particularly, the contents such as the revision process of Gong-an, change of Gong-an system, etc. have not been examined at all. The researcher determined 5 sessions of composition of Gong-an during the early Joseon Dynasty, based on this, investigated the characteristics of each Gong-an. This research intended to determine the characteristics of Seongjong Gong-an, here, Songjong Gong-an was the revision of King Sejo’s Eulyu Gong-an in a few years after it had been drawn up. This way, this research intended to investigate the background of composition of new Gong-an in such a short period, the process of revision of Gong-an, and the characteristics of Gong-an that was drawn up as the result. According to a total ban on proxy payment(代納) of tribute, a necessity of a new Gong-an appeared. King Seongjong hurried several measures to receive tribute in kind system as soon as he ascended the throne, on the other hand, he started revision of Gong-an. This way, Gong-an revision was finalized until Seongjong’s reign 4<sup>th</sup> year, and new Gong-an was presumed to be commonly used since the 5<sup>th</sup> year. Since Songjong Gong-an aimed at transfer to payment in kind system, tribute was divided considering the production area of the products(物種), differently from the past. Also, to minimize the harm along with ban on proxy payment, Gong-aek(貢額), decreased to half compared to King Sejo’s Eulyu Gong-an, was regulated. And it seemed that the proxy payment value, established during King Sejo’s reign of the past, was referred to, in the process of division of tribute. However, connection of Gong-an and Hweng-gan, change of Gong-an system, etc. were succeeded with King Sejo’s Eulyu Gong-an as it was. Gong-an revised during King Seongjong completed the institutional frame of receipt of tribute, based on payment in kind along with _Gyeonggukdaejeon_. Nevertheless, reduction of Gong-aek to minimize public harm was conducted unreasonably, accordingly, the problem of lack of financial source was constantly raised during King Seongjong’s reign. In his latter years, King Seongjong agreed to the necessity of revision of Gong-an and directed a new revision work, however this task was conducted during King Younsangun’s reign after Seongjong.
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조선 태종대 미곡 확보 정책과 호급둔전제(戶給屯田制)의 시행
소순규 ( So Soonkyu ) 고려대학교 역사연구소 2021 사총 Vol.104 No.-
King Taejong who was on the throne in about ten years after the Joseon Dynasty was founded, enforced the strong policy to secure the rice during the seizure of power. In this process, many measures that were enforced in the end of the Goryeo Dynasty were carried out again, and the Hogeupdunjeonje this thesis aims to pay attention to was one of those systems. Originally, the Dunjeon was to make the soldiers cultivate the land in the frontier area, and to utilize the harvest as military provisions. Contrary to this, the Hogeupdunjeon was a system of lending seed grains to general households and then collecting the harvest in proportion to the seed grains in autumn, which was not different from tax increase in reality. The enforcement of land reform was not good enough to guarantee the financial stability. With the increased necessity to secure the military provisions after the consciousness of foreign crisis was raised, King Taejong introduced this Hogeupdunjeonje. The enforcement aspect of Hogeupdunjeonje could be largely divided into two parts. The Hogeupdunjeon targeting the general households collected about 45,000 seoks a year. On the other hand, the Hogeupdunjeon targeting the public slaves collected around 300,000 seoks a year. In case of those public slaves, the seed grains were distributed not to each household, but to each slave while the repayment ratio of harvested grain was very high compared to general households. For this reason, a considerable amount of rice in stock could be secured within several years after enforcing the Hogeupdunjeonje. Even though the Hogeupdunjeonje was working as a chance to secure the rice close to 1.5 million seoks, it was such a big burden to general households, so it was unnecessary to maintain the system after securing the stable amount of rice in stock. Thus, it was enforced for a short period of time from the 9th year to 14th year of King Taejong’s reign. However, the securement of rice by this system must be importantly contributing to strengthening the foundation of financial operation in the early days of the Joseon Dynasty.
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