가정용 소형 퇴비화용기에 의한 부엌쓰레기의 분산식 퇴비화 - Ⅲ. 실험실조건에서 이중벽 소형 용기에 의한 퇴비화 연구 -

서정윤,주우홍 ( Jeoung Yoon Seo,Woo Hong Joo ) 한국환경농학회 1995 한국환경농학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This study was conducted to obtain practical information on the efficient drying of animal manure under the sunny dry condition. The effects of the height of manure pile (5, 10, 15, and 20㎝), stirring times (0, 1, 2, and 4 times/day), the addition of dried manure (30%, w/w), and the type of drying bed on the removal of water from fresh pig manure were investigated in a plastic house. Pig manure was dried very well by lowering the height of manure pile and the drying efficiency was the highest at 10㎝ height. Water evaporation rate was the greatest at the twice-stirring per day treatment. The addition of dried manure as bulking material enhanced the water evaporation rate of wet pig manure. The amounts of water removed for 19 days under the condition of 10㎝ height of manure pile and twice-stirring in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 75.6, 73.3, 54.6 and 32.6㎏/1.2㎡, respectively.

가정용 소형 발효용기에 의한 음식물쓰레기 퇴비화과정 중 질석의 첨가효과

서정윤,허종수,한종필,박주원,황면훈,Seo, Jeoung-Yoon,Heo, Jong-Soo,Han, Jong-phil,Park, Ju-Won,Hwang, Myun-Hoon 유기성자원학회 2000 유기물자원화 Vol.8 No.3

가정에서 발생되는 퇴비화 가능한 폐기물 중 폐지 및 폐골탄지를 제외한 폐기물을 매일 1kg 정도씩 소형 퇴비화 3개의 소형 퇴비화용기 중 하나는 퇴비만, 또 하나에는 퇴비와 퇴비화 가능한 가정 폐기물 그리고 다른 하나에는 퇴비와 질석 그리고 퇴비화 가능한 가정 폐기물을 넣어 퇴비화하면서 정확한 매일의 무게 감소율, 분해 율(유기물감소비율)과 퇴비화 혼합물질의 각종 이 화학성 변화를 조사하였다. 30일 후 총 무게 감소율은 퇴비를 첨가제로 사용하였을 경우 57.32% 그리고 퇴비와 질석을 함께 첨가제로 사용하였을 때 64.71%이었다. 퇴비만을 첨가제로 사용하였을 경우 퇴비화 혼합물(퇴비+퇴비화 가능한 가정 폐기물)의 총 무게 감소율은 6.81% 그리고 분해율은 7.76%로 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나 투입된 퇴비화 가능한 폐기물만을 기준으로 계산한 결과 매일 무게 감소율은 첨가제로 퇴비와 질석을 함께 사용하였을 경우 퇴비화 혼합물(퇴비+질석+퇴비화 가능한 가정 폐기물)의 매일 총무게 감소율은 64.99% 그리고 분해율은 1.48%이었으나 투입된 퇴비화 가능한 가정 폐기물만을 기준으로 매일 총무게 감소율은 4.36% 그리고 분해율은 35.46%이었다. 따라서 투입된 퇴비화 가능한 가정 폐기물만을 기준으로 계산된 매일의 분해율은 퇴비만을 첨가제로 사용하였을 경우 6.79% 그리고 퇴비와 질석을 같이 사용하였을 경우 35.46%로 질석의 첨가가 퇴비화 가능한 가정 폐기물의 분해 속도를 크게 증가시켰다. 퇴비화 혼합물 중의 MgO, $K_2O$ 및 Cr 함량은 질석을 첨가제로 사용하였을 경우가 사용하지 않았을 경우보다 퇴비화 초기에 높았다. 반면에 유기물, CaO, NaCl 및 $P_2O_5$ 함량은 질석을 첨가하였을 경우 낮아졌다. Compostable household wastes(mainly food residues) were composted in a small bin for 30 days, in which compostable household wastes were fed every day and mixed thoroughly under aerobic conditions. Three small bins were employed. In the first bin only recycled compost was composted, in the second, compostable household wastes with recycled compost, and in the third compostable household wastes with recycled compost and vermiculture. The correct decomposition rate of each composting material was calculated during composting. Total reduced rate of the weight after 30 days was 57.32% when composting the compostable household wastes with recycled compost, and 64.71% when composting them with recycled compost and vermiculite. In the case of composting the compostable household wastes with the recycled compost, the total weight reduction rate for a day was 6.81% and the total decomposition rate 6.81%. Their difference was not great. But in the case calculated with only compostable household wastes the total weight reduction rate was 56.34% and the decomposition 6.79%. When compostable household wastes were composted with the recycled compost and vermiculite, the total weight reduction rate was 64.99% and the decomposition rate 1.48%, but the total weight reduction 4.36% and the decomposition rate 35.46% when calculated with only compostable household wastes. MgO, $K_2O$ and Cr concentrations in the composting mixture during the early composting time were higher when composted with vermiculite than without it, but organic matter, CaO, NaCl, and $P_2O_5$ concentrations were contrarily diluted because of their lower concentration of vermiculite when compostable household wastes were composted with vermiculite.

가정용 소형 퇴비화용기에 의한 부엌쓰레기의 분산식 퇴비화 - Ⅴ. 현장조건에서 퇴비화 -

서정윤,주우홍 ( Jeoung Yoon Seo,Woo Hong Joo ) 한국환경농학회 1996 한국환경농학회지 Vol.15 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of composting of household garbage. The composter with the double layer walls was operated for 60 days in each season. The following results were obtained at the end of the experiment, if the time was not specified. 1) The maximum temperature was 31℃ in spring, 36℃ in summer and 50℃ in winter. 2) The mass was reduced to an average of 58.5%. 3) pH values of the compost were 8.21 in spring, 8.29 in summer and 7.94 in winter. 4) The ash contents were 55.8% in spring, 57% in summer and 73.8% in winter. 5) The nitrogen contents were in the range of 0.2∼5.8%. Its values were the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. 6) Inorganic contents of the compost were in the range of : P₂O_5 ; 1.5∼4.41%, K₂O ; 0.02∼1.31%, CaO 0.13∼1.68% and MgO 0.05∼1.22%. 7) Heavy metal contents of the compost were in the range of : Zn; 13∼89㎎/㎏, Cu; 4∼62㎎/㎏, Cd; 1∼21㎎/㎏, Pb; N.D.∼97㎎/㎏, Cr; N.D.∼37 and Hg; N.D.∼1.38㎎/㎏.

연구논문 : 경삼남도 황강 수계의 식물상과 식생의 특성

서정윤 ( Jeoung Yoon Seo ),박경훈 ( Kyung Hun Park ),유주한 ( Ju Han You ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2013 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.16 No.1

This study is carried out to offer raw data and establish strategy for conservation and restoration of river ecosystem by objective surveying and analysing the flora and vegetation distributed in Hwang river, Gyeongsangnam-do. The flora identified in this site were 406taxa including 95 families, 252 genera, 360 species, 3 subspecies, 40 varieties and 3 forms. The rare plants were 3taxa including Sagittaria sagittifolia subsp. leucopetala, Hydrocharis dubia and Acorus calamus. The endemic plants were 4taxa including Populus ronenriglandu1osa, Salix koriyanagi, Paulownia coreana and Weigela subsessilis. The specific plants by floristic region were 17taxa including Salix siuzeWi, Poncirus rrjfoliara, Poainogeton, naackianus and so forth. The naturalized plants were 39taxa including Phytolacce americana, C1enopodiun glaucam, Lepidium virginicum, Oenothera enythrosepala, Xanthium canadense, Lolium inultijiorurn and so forth. The invasive alien plants were Ambrosia arre,nisijfolia and Ambrosia trfida. The whole NI and UI were each 9.6% and 13.9%. The hydrophytes were 27 axa including Marsilea quadrfo1ia, Nvmphaea ret ragona, C`erarophvlluin deinersurn, Trapa japonica and so forth. In the results of growth forms of the hydrophytes, emergent species were 14taxa, 3taxa of floating-leaved species, 4taxa of free-floating species and 6taxa of submerged species. The dominant vegetations were Salix spp. community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Phragmites japonica community and Phragmites communis community.

창원시 주남저수지 일대에 분포하는 관속식물상

서정윤(Jeoung-Yoon Seo),박경훈(Kyung-Hun Park),유주한(Ju-Han You) 한국산림휴양복지학회 2012 한국산림휴양학회지 Vol.16 No.3

소형 퇴비화용기에 의한 가정쓰레기의 무첨가 퇴비화

서정윤 ( Jeoung Yoon Seo ),이근선 ( Geun Sun Lee ),최형섭 ( Hyoung Sub Choi ) 한국환경농학회 1998 한국환경농학회지 Vol.17 No.2

음식쓰레기 퇴비화과정 충 중금속함량 변화

서정윤(Jeoung - Yoon Seo) 유기성자원학회 1996 유기물자원화 Vol.4 No.1

The heavy metal concentration in mixed and separately collected household food waste, and their compost during the composting period was analysed. The mixed and separately collected food waste had Cd content of 8 mg/kg in spring and its content of 13 mg/kg in winter respectively. Its content was higher than by-product compost limit value(5 mg Cd/kg). Cd concentration in separately collected food waste in a house was higher in January, February, April and May than by-product compost limit value (5 mg Cd/kg). When Cd concentration in the initial composting material was higher than 5 mg/kg, its concentration in the compost of household food waste during the composting period was higher than by-product compost limit value, but it was not accumulated in the compost during the composting period. Fly ash was added to separate\y collected household food waste to adjust its moisture content for composting. Its addition had moisture conditioning and Cd concentration reducing effect in the compost. The average one month composted fresh compost from the mixed collected household food waste was matured in a pile out of doors for 7 months with turning the pile once a month and its heavy metal concentration was examined. Accumulation of the heavy metals in the compost did not occur during the composting period, because they were washed out during the rainfall. 가정에서 분리수거한 쓰레기와 혼합쓰레기 및 퇴비화 과정중에 있는 쓰레기의 중금속 농도를 측정하였다. 카드융의 농도는 봄철에 8 mg/kg 쓰레기, 겨울철에 13 mg/kg 쓰레기였다. 중금속의 농도는 월별로 큰 차이를 보였으며 1 월과 2월,4월,5월에는 카드륨의 함량이 부산물 퇴비의 기준인 5 mg/kg 쓰레기의 농도를 초과하였다. 가정쓰레기가 혼합되기 전 분리수거된 음식쓰레기의 퇴비화 과정중에 카드융의 함량을 측정한바,봄철과 겨울철에 부산물 퇴비화의 기준치를 초과하였다. 분리수거된 가정쓰레기에 수분조절제로 첨가된 석탄회는 퇴비중의 중금속 함량을 낮추는 효과가 있었다. 소형 퇴비화 용기에서 1 개월 퇴비화한 음식쓰레기를 야외에서 야적하여 숙성시켰는데,이 기간동안에 중금속의 축적은 일어나지 않았다.

음식쓰레기 1차 부숙퇴비의 숙성과정중 상태변화

서정윤 ( Jeoung Yoon Seo ) 한국환경농학회 1997 한국환경농학회지 Vol.16 No.2

The fresh food waste compost, which was composted in a small bin for average one month, was cured in a pile in the field for seven months. The pile was turned once a month. The various components of the compost were investigated for the curing period. The maximun temperature rised to 65℃ after curing of four months. The moisture content of the compost droped to 61.7% after twelve months. After that, the rainfall affected very much the moisture content of the compost. pH of the compost increased gradually to 8.92 for curing. Ash content rised continually to 60.5% for curing. However, it did not exceed 25% ash content, which is the by-product limit value. The accumulation of the inorganic components occured and most of the heavy matals except for Cd generally were accumulated as curing proceeded.

제올라이트 칼럼에 의한 인공생활하수처리

서정윤 ( Jeoung Yoon Seo ) 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Constructed wetlands typically cost less to build and operate, and require less energy than standard mechanical treatment technology but they have similar performance to centralized wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, they were constructed especially many in rural areas, where are small villages but not industries. plantless colunm tests were performed to investigate the possibility on using zeolite as a filter medium of constructed wetland for the wastewater treatment. Removal efficiency was COD_(Cr) 94.63%, T-P 41.41% and NH_4^+-N 99.75% at hydraulic load 314 L/㎡·d and filtering height 100 cm filled with a zeolite mixture. This zeolite mixture consisted of 1 : 1 by volume of zeolites in the diameter range of 0.5 to 1 mm and 1 to 3 mm. Accordingly, hydraulic load 314 L/㎡·d was considered as optimal. Three zeolite mixtures were used to determine the optimal mixing ratio by volume of a zeolite (A) in the diameter range of 0.5 to 1 mm to a zeolite (B) in the diameter range of 1 to 3 mm. 1 : 3, 1 : 1 and only B in A to B by volume were tested at hydraulic load 314 L/㎡·d and filtering height 100 cm. COD_(Cr) removal efficiency was more than 89% at mixing ratios of 1 : 3 and 1 : 1 in A to B. That of T-P ranged 56.42 to 58.72% and, that of T-N and NH_4^+-N was 87% and 99% regardless of mixing ratios of two zeolites. Removal efficiency was lower at the column filled with only B. Removal efficiency was better at filter medium filled with mixing ratio 1 : 1 in A to B than with the other mixing ratios. Thus, it was found that the mixture of mixing ratio 1 : 1 in A to B was appropriate for filter medium of constructed wetland. Removal efficiency was higher in down-flow than in up-flow, and all contaminants were removed most in 20 cm filter height near feeding area.

소형용기에 의한 퇴비화에 있어서 퇴비화 가능한 가정 폐기물의 분쇄 효과

서정윤(Jeoung Yoon Seo),한종필(Jong Phil Han),황면훈(Myun Hoon Hwang) 한국환경농학회 2001 한국환경농학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Compostable household wastes(mainly food wastes), after waste papers and cardboard being removed, were daily fed into small bins and mixed thoroughly while the air was supplied into the bin. Three small bins were employed: in case I, only recycled compost was composted, after being once fed at the beginning of composting, in case II, compostable household wastes(less than 50 ㎜) torn roughly by the hands with recycled compost, and in case III, compostable household wastes(less than 2 ㎜) ground by a kitchen mixer for vegetables with recycled compost. The straight-line was maintained between the wet or the dry residual mass of composting mixture versus composting time date(the coefficient of determination R²≥0.98 for the wet and R²≥0.90 for the dry). The decomposition rate of each composted material was estimated during composting. The total weight reduction rate after 30 days was 67.86% and 66.14% for case II and III, respectively. For case II, the daily weight reduction 6.82% and the daily decomposition rate 8.81% with the composting mixture, but the daily weight reduction rate was 56.43% and the daily decomposition rate 19.26% with: only compostable household wastes. For case III, the daily reduction rate was 6.93% and the daily decomposition rate 7.70% with the composting mixture, but the daily weight reduction rate was 53.30% and the daily decomposition rate 22.95% with only compostable household wastes. The physicochemical characteristics of composting mixture did not show much difference between case II and III as was expected.