Geographic Variation and Genetic Diversity between Polluted and Unpolluted Sites of Korean Littorina brevicula (Gastropoda, Littorinidae) Based on the Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene Sequence

서재화(Jae-Hwa Suh),김숙정(Sook-Jung Kim),송준임(Jun-Im Song) 한국동물분류학회 2002 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.18 No.1

수리부엉이(Bubo bubo)의 서식밀도 관찰 보고

김동원(Dong-Won Kim),강종현(Jong-Hyun Kang),서재화(Jae-Hwa Suh) 한국조류학회II 2011 한국조류학회지 Vol.18 No.1

수리부엉이 서식 현황의 정밀한 파악을 위해서 주간 및 야간조사를 시행한 결과, 2009년 인천광역시 강화군 교동도, 석모도, 볼음도에서 9곳, 2010년 강원도 횡성군, 평창군, 영월군 일대의 32곳에서 수리부엉이가 확인되었다. 이 결과는 과거에 본 조사지역에서 보고된 서식밀도 현황과 비교하여 높게 나타났다. 절벽지대가 적은 섬에서는 야간에 사냥터에 나온 개체를 조사하는 방법, 강원도 지역에서는 낮 시간대에 절벽지역을 자세히 관찰하는 방법이 효율적임을 검증할 수 있었다. 그러므로 야행성 맹금류에 대한 다양한 조사 방법이 진행된다면, 서식현황에 대한 정확한 자료를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Through the diurnal and nocturnal survey for Eurasian Eagle Owls Bubo bubo, we found them in 9 times in Gyodong, Seokmo, Boleum Island in 2009, and 32 times in Gangwon Province in 2010. The densities of Eurasian Eagle Owls in both inland areas of Gangwon Province and islands of Ganghwa-Gun were higher than those previously examined. In the islands, which have small number of cliff, the nocturnal survey were effective, whereas in Gangwon Province, the diurnal survey at cliff area could show many individuals and fecal traces. These results show that various methods for the nocturnal bird of prey are needed for the exact status of them including Eurasian Eagle Owls.

기후변화에 따른 한국꼬리치레도롱뇽(Onychodactylus koreanus)의 분포 예측에 대한 연구

이수연 ( Su-yeon Lee ),최서윤 ( Seo-yun Choi ),배양섭 ( Yang-seop Bae ),서재화 ( Jae-hwa Suh ),장환진 ( Hoan-jin Jang ),도민석 ( Min-seock Do ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.35 No.5

기후변화는 동·식물의 서식지와 개체군을 감소, 소멸시키며, 생물다양성 보존에 위협이 되고 있다. 특히, 도롱뇽과(Hynobiidae)에 속한 종들은 다른 분류군들에 비해 행동권이 작고, 분산 능력이 극히 제한되기 때문에 기후변화에 매우 취약한 분류군이다. 본 연구에서는 한국꼬리치레도롱뇽(Onychodactylus koreanus)의 관찰지점과 종 분포 모델링 기법을 바탕으로 국내 서식하고 있는 한국꼬리치레도롱뇽의 주요 분포지역과 서식특성을 파악하고 기후변화에 따른 분포변화를 예측하였다. 그 결과 고도가 그들의 분포에 가장 주요한 영향을 끼친 환경변수로 확인되었으며, 강원도와 경상북도와 같은 고도가 높은 산림 지역에 밀집된 분포 형태를 보였다. 이처럼 종 분포 모델에서 예측된 공간적 분포 범위와 서식특성은 선행 조사 결과를 충분히 포함하고 있었다. 기후변화에 따른 분포변화를 확인한 결과, 한국꼬리치레 도롱뇽은 현재 분포 범위에 비해 RCP4.5 시나리오에서 62.96% 가 감소할 것으로, RCP8.5 시나리오에서는 98.52% 감소할 것으로 예측되어 기후변화로 인해 서식 적합 공간들이 급격하게 감소하는 것으로 확인되었다. 모델의 AUC 값은 현재에서 0.837, RCP4.5에서 0.832, RCP8.5에서 0.807로 높게 측정되었다. 이러한 결과들은 기후변화로 인해 영향을 받는 양서류의 보전 대책 수립에 중요한 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이다. 추후, 한국꼬리치레도롱뇽의 생활사에 따른 서식지 특성과 미세한 서식 요인들이 반영된 다양한 분석기법을 통한 추가적인 연구가 수행된다면 종 감소에 영향을 끼치는 주요환경 요인들을 밝혀낼수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Climate change poses great threats to wildlife populations by decreasing their number and destroying their habitats, jeopardizing biodiversity conservation. Asiatic salamander (Hynobiidae) species are particularly vulnerable to climate change due to their small home range and limited dispersal ability. Thus, this study used one salamander species, the Korean clawed salamander (Onychodactylus koreanus), as a model species and examined their habitat characteristics and current distribution in South Korea to predict its spatial distribution under climate change. As a result, we found that altitude was the most important environmental factor for their spatial distribution and that they showed a dense distribution in high-altitude forest regions such as Gangwon and Gyeongsanbuk provinces. The spatial distribution range and habitat characteristics predicted in the species distribution models were sufficiently in accordance with previous studies on the species. By modeling their distribution changes under two different climate change scenarios, we predicted that the distribution range of the Korean clawed salamander population would decrease by 62.96% under the RCP4.5 scenario and by 98.52% under the RCP8.5 scenario, indicating a sharp reduction due to climate change. The model’s AUC value was the highest in the present (0.837), followed by RCP4.5 (0.832) and RCP8.5 (0.807). Our study provides a basic reference for implementing conservation plans for amphibians under climate change. Additional research using various analysis techniques reflecting habitat characteristics and minute habitat factors for the whole life cycle of Korean-tailed salamanders help identify major environmental factors that affect species reduction.

제2차 전국자연환경조사 결과 분석을 통한 멸종위기조류의 국내 분포현황

김창회(Chang-Hoe Kim),강종현(Jong-Hyun Kang),이윤경(Yunkyoung Lee),김동원(Dong-Won Kim),서재화(Jae-Hwa Suh),김명진(Myungjin Kim) 한국조류학회II 2010 한국조류학회지 Vol.17 No.1

이 조사는 제2차 전국자연환경조사의 일환으로 1997년부터 2005년까지 3월에서 10월 사이에 남한 전역을 연차별로 나누어 1회 수행되었다. 이 조사에서 멸종위기조류Ⅰ급은 10종(전체 멸종위기조류Ⅰ급 중 76.9%), 멸종위기조류Ⅱ급은 38종(전체 멸종위기조류Ⅱ급 중 79.2%)이 관찰되었다. 멸종위기조류Ⅰ급은 검독수리 Aquila chrysaetos, 넓적부리도요 Eurynorhynchus pygmeus, 노랑부리백로 Egretta eulophotes, 노랑부리저어새 Platalea leucorodia, 두루미 Grus japonensis, 매 Falco peregrinus, 저어새 Platalea minor, 청다리도요사촌 Tringa guttifer, 혹고니 Cygnus olor, 흰꼬리수리 Haliaeetus albicilla이었으며, 멸종위기조류Ⅱ급은 가창오리 Anas formosa, 개구리매 Circus spilonotus, 개리 Anas cygnoides, 검은머리갈매기 Larus saundersi, 검은머리물떼새 Haematopus ostralegus, 검은목두루미 Grus grus, 고니 Cygnus columbianus, 긴점박이올빼미 Strix uralensis, 까막딱다구리 Dryocopus martius, 독수리 Aegypius monachus, 뜸부기 Gallicrex cinerea, 말똥가리 Buteo buteo, 물수리 Pandion haliaetus, 벌매 Pernis ptilorhyncus, 붉은해오라기 Gorsachius goisagi, 비둘기조롱이 Falco amurensis, 뿔종다리 Galerida cristata, 삼광조 Terpsiphone atrocaudata, 새홀리기 Falco subbuteo, 솔개 Milvus migrans, 쇠황조롱이 Falco columbarius, 수리부엉이 Bubo bubo, 알락개구리매 Circus melanoleucos, 알락꼬리마도요 Numenius madagascariensis, 올빼미 Strix aluco, 재두루미 Grus vipio, 잿빛개구리매 Circus cyaneus, 조롱이 Accipiter gularis, 참매 Accipiter gentiles, 큰고니 Cygnus cygnus, 큰기러기 Anas fabalis, 큰덤불해오라기 Ixobrychus eurhythmus, 큰말똥가리 Buteo hemilasius, 털발말똥가리 Buteo Lagopus, 팔색조 Pitta nympha, 흑기러기 Branta bernicla, 흑두루미 Grus monacha, 흰목물떼새 Charadrius placidus이었다. This survey has conducted throughout South Korea from March to October for 9 years (1997-2005). The Endangered Birds Species Level Ⅰ designated by Ministry of Environment in Korea was 10 species (76.9% of the Endangered Bird Species Level Ⅰ) and the Level Ⅱ was 38 species (79.2% of the Endangered Bird Species Level Ⅱ). The Endangered Birds Species Level Ⅰ was Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos, Spoon-billed Sandpiper Eurynorhynchus pygmeus, Chinese Egret Egretta eulophotes, Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia, Red-crowned Crane Grus japonensis, Peregrine Falcone Falco peregrinus, Black-faced Spoonbill Platalea minor, Spotted Greenshank Tringa guttifer, Mute Swan Cygnus olor, White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla, and the Endangered Birds Species Level Ⅱ was Baikal Teal Anas formosa, Eastern Marsh Harrier Circus spilonotus, Swan Goose Anas cygnoides, Saunder's Gull Larus saundersi, Eurasian Oystercater Haematopus ostralegus, Common Crane Grus grus, Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus, Ural Owl Strix uralensis, Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius, Black Vulture Aegypius monachus, Watercock Gallicrex cinerea, Common Buzzard Buteo buteo, Osprey Pandion haliaetus, Oriental Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhyncus, Japanese Night Heron Gorsachius goisagi, Amur Falcon Falco amurensis, Crested Lark Galerida cristata, Japanese Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone atrocaudata, Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo, Black Kite Milvus migrans, Merlin Falco columbarius, Eurasian Eagle Owl Bubo bubo, Pied Harrier Circus melanoleucos, Far Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis, Tawny Owl Strix aluco, White-naped Crane Grus vipio, Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus, Japanese Sparrowhawk Accipiter gularis, Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentiles, Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus, Bean Goose Anas fabalis, Schrenck‘s Bittern Ixobrychus eurhythmus, Upland Buzzard Buteo hemilasius, Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo Lagopus, Fairy Pitta Pitta nympha, Brent Goose Branta bernicla, Hooded Crane Grus monacha, Long-billed Plover Charadrius placidus, respectively.

화엄늪 식생의 분포특성에 따른 습지 관리방안

안경환 ( Kyung Hwan Ahn ),이율경 ( Youl Kyung Lee ),임정철 ( Jeong Cheol Lim ),최태봉 ( Tae Bong Choi ),조항수 ( Hang Soo Cho ),서재화 ( Jae Hwa Suh ),신영규 ( Young Kyu Shin ),김명진 ( Myung Jin Kim ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2016 환경영향평가 Vol.25 No.3

본 연구는 화엄늪 습지보호지역에서 식생의 공간적 분포특성을 파악하고 올바른 식생학적 보전 및 복원 방안을 제시하고자 시행하였다. 식생자료는 2008년과 2013년에 Braun-Branquet의 방법을 적용하여 총 117종(미동정종 포함)의 식물종이 포함된 29개가 획득되었다. 식물군락은 총 8개로 구분되었으며, 수분조건에 따라 건생형(신갈나무-애기감둥사초군락, 산철쭉군락-전형하위군락, 참억새하위군락, 미역줄나무군락)과 습생형(진퍼리새군락-전형하위군락, 왕미꾸리꽝이하위군락, 참억새하위군락, 바늘골-끈끈이주걱군락)으로 나누어졌다. 습생입지에 발달하는 습생형은 습지보호지역 내에서 보호의 핵심 대상으로 습지의 함몰된 공간 또는 물골 주변에 주로 발달하였다. 면적은 습생형이 전체의 약 3.8%에 불과하였으며, 습지보호지역 안에서 참억새가 우점하는 건생형이 약 51.5%로 가장 넓게 분포하였다. 습지보호지역 내에 다양한 수목들이 침투해 있었다. 2008년에는 교목성 수종 8종(총 228개체)과 관목성 수종 6종(총 51개체)을 포함하여 총 14종의 침투식물들이 관찰되었으며, 2013년에는 오리나무 2개체가 생육하는 것이 확인되었다. 화엄늪의 지속적인 보전과 관리를 위해서 식생유형, 공간분포 변화 및 침투식물에 대한 지속적인 모니터링, 핵심·완충·전이지역의 구획화 관리 등을 통한 능동적이고 가변적인 설정방안 모색을 제안하였다. This study was carried out to understand the spatial distribution and conservation, restoration plan for vegetation in the Hwaeom wetland protected area. Total 29 phytosociological releves consisted of 117 plant species (unidentified species contained) was made during field studies conducted at 2008 and 2013 applying Braun-Branquet method. The collected vegetations were arranged 8 plant communities and thus divided hydric types (Drosera rotundifolia-Eleocharis congesta community, Carex forficula-Molinia japonica community) and xeric types (Miscanthus sinensis community, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense community, Tripterygium regelii community, Carex gifuensis-Quercus mongolica community) under moisture conditions. The hydric types growing in hydric conditions distributed along hollowed out ground or the water channel that have a key qualification to protect. In the wetland protected area, the hydric vegetation types were mostly covered about 3.8% and the xeric types dominating by Miscanthus sinensis were most wildly distributed about 51.5%. Various woody plant species invaded the place. In 2008, invasion plants observed with total 14 species - 8 tree species (227 individual), 6 shrub species (51 individual) and alders (Aluns japonica) found in 2013. We suggested finding out that the sustainable conservation and management in Hwaeom wetland should be setting up plan focused on activity and variability such as continuous monitoring (changing vegetation types, spatial distribution, invasion plants) and zonation management (core zone, buffer zone, transition zone).

야생동물위치추적기(WT-200)를 이용한 청둥오리의 이동거리 및 행동권 연구1a

강태한 ( Te Han Kang ),김달호 ( Dal Ho Kim ),조해진 ( Hae Jin Cho ),신용운 ( Young Un Shin ),이한수 ( Han Soo Lee ),서재화 ( Jae Hwa Suh ),황종경 ( Jong Kyung Hwang ) 한국환경생태학회 2014 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.28 No.6

청둥오리는 대표적인 한국내 월동 수조류로 넓은 농경지를 월동지로 이용한다. 한국의 중부지역에 위치한 만경강하류지역에서 청둥오리 월동 행동권 및 월동지에서 이동거리를 파악하고자 하였다. 2011-2013년 월동기에 Cannon-net을 이용하여 포획된 청둥오리 7개체에 GPS-이동통신 시스템을 기반으로 하는 야생동물위치추적장치(WT-200)를 부착하였다. 청둥오리 행동권 분석은 GIS용 SHP 파일과 ArcGIS 9.0 Animal Movement Extension을 이용하였으며, 커널밀 도측정법(Kernel Density Estimation : KDE)과 최소볼록다각형법(Minimum Convex Polygon Method : MCP)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 청둥오리 행동권은 최소볼록다각형법(MCP)에 의해서 118.8 ㎢(SD=70.1, n=7) 이었으며, 커널밀도 측정법(KDE)으로는 60.0㎢(KDE 90%), 23.0㎢(KDE 70%) and 11.6㎢(KDE 50%)이었다. 야생동물위치추적장치(WT-200) 부착지점으로부터 이동거리는 평균 19.4㎞이었으며, 최대이동거리는 33.2㎞, 최소이동거리는 9.4㎞이었다. GPS좌표가 획득된 정점간 거리는 평균 0.8㎞이었으며, 정점간 이동거리는 최소 6.5㎞에서 최대 19.7㎞이었다. 청둥오리는 월동기 동안 매우 짧은 거리를 이동하였으며, 월동지에서 수계 의존성이 매우 높은 경향을 보였다. Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the abundant winter visitor in South Korea. Mallard migrates long distances between Russian Siberia and Korea. This species prefers a rice paddy area as their winter habitat. We captured birds using cannon-net, and attached the GPS-Mobile phone based Telemetry(WT-200) on Seven Mallards in the winter of 2011~2013. We were monitored wintering home-range and movement distance. We analyzed the tracking location data using ArcGIS 9.0 and calculated Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP). The average home-range in the wintering ground by MCP was 118.8 ㎢(SD=70.1, n=7)and the maximum home-rang was 221.8 ㎢and the minimum was 27.7 ㎢. Extents of home-range by KDE were 60.0 ㎢(KDE 90%), 23.0 ㎢(KDE 70%) and 11.6 ㎢(KDE 50%). Mallard moved an average of 19.4 ㎞from start site(attach to WT-200 site), maximum moved was 33.2 ㎞and minimum moved was 9.4 ㎞. The average distance of 0.8 ㎞between GPS fixed point(range 0.2~1.6 ㎞), maximum moved was 19.7 ㎞. Mallard moved a very short distance in wintering season and showed a very high water-dependent trends in wintering site.

생태,자연도의 관,민원 현황에 대한 고찰

안경환 ( Kyung Hwan Ahn ),신영규 ( Young Kyu Shin ),김지연 ( Ji Yeon Kim ),이율경 ( Yeoul Kyung Lee ),임정철 ( Jeong Cheol Lim ),하정욱 ( Jeong Wook Ha ),권혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Kwon ),서재화 ( Jae Hwa Suh ),김명진 ( Myung Jin Kim ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2015 환경영향평가 Vol.24 No.1

The Ecosystem and Nature Map (ENM) is basic map for current status of natural resources. The map has been offered information to ecological conservation and restoration, as well as to land use planning and policy making. The map composed of 794 sheets in 1:25,000 scale classifies total areas into three grade zones (1st, 2nd and 3rd grade zones) and separately managed zone. In 2005, the first draft Ecosystem and Nature Map was prepared by the second National Ecosystem Survey. It was opened for the people to search and appeal. So 1,419 cases of public appeals on the first draft Ecosystem and Nature Map were submitted in 2005. After partial revision, the first Ecosystem and Nature Map was announced in 2007. The second draft Ecosystem and Nature Map was prepared by the third National Ecosystem Survey and opened to public in 2012. As a result, 1,263 cases of public appeals were submitted in 2012. Since the first announcement of the Ecosystem and Nature Map in April 2007, 182 cases of public appeals on the Map were submitted until December 2013. Among them, 159 cases were announced with revision. According to the first Ecosystem and Nature Map announced in 2007, graded areas covered 7.5% in the 1st grade zone, 39.2% in the 2nd grade zone and 44.7% in the 3rd grade zone of the national land area, respectively. In the second draft Ecosystem and Nature Map in 2012, areas of the 1st grade zone and the 2nd grade zone were 9.2% increased 1.7 percentage points and 45.5% increased 6.3 percentage points, and areas of the 3rd grade zone were 36.6% decreased 8.1 percentage points. Among areas of the 1st grade zone, Gangwondo occupies 54.3% in 2007 and 47.6% in 2012. Gangwondo consists of the highest percentage of the 1st grade zone and the smallest of the 3rd grade zone. Seoul has the highest percentage of the 3rd grade zone. There were the highest increase of the 1st grade zone in Gyeongsangbukdo and the highest decrease in Jeollabukdo and Seoul. Vegetation is the most important evaluation factor to determine the grade of the Ecosystem and Nature Map.

한국산 두꺼비와 물두꺼비(무미목 , 두꺼비과)의 유전적 변이 및 분화

김종범,양서영,민미숙,서재화,강영진 한국유전학회 2000 Genes & Genomics Vol.22 No.3

To elucidate genetic variability and genetic relationships of 21 populations of two Bufo species in Korea and China, allozyme analysis was performed. The average genetic variability of B, stejnegeri (Ho=0.090 and He=0.088) was moderate in comparison with the other amphibian species reported, but that of B. gargarizans (Ho=0.050 and He=0.048) was relatively low. The level of genetic divergence between these two Bufo species (Rogers' S=0.551, Nei's D= 0.561) was similar to that of the allied frog species. In South Korea, the genetic divergencies among regional populations within each species were all infraspecific (S>0.950, D<0.013) without exception. However, Chinese populations of B. gargarizans appeared to have shown considerably high level of genetic divergence (S=0.773, D=0.229) when compared with Korean populations surveyed here.

한국산 무당개구리의 유전적 다양성

김종범,양서영,민미숙,서재화 한국유전학회 1997 Genes & Genomics Vol.19 No.1

A survey of electrophoretic variation in isozymes and general proteins encoded by 23 loci was performed to estimate the degree of genic variation and genetic diversity on 33 populations of Bombina orientalis from Korea and China. The level of average genic variation of B. orientalis was calculated as A￣=1.53, P￣=29.5%, H￣o=0.091 and H￣e=0.099. The degree of genetic heterozygosity of Namhae population was the highest (Ho=0.154, He=0.153), whereas Chinese population was the lowest (Ho=0.013, He=0.034). The average value of genetic similarities among populations of B. orientalis was high (S￣=0.917). However, the levels of genetic differentiation of Chindo (S=0.846) and Chinese (S=0.834) from other populations were higher than the average values of conspecific populations for the vertebrate species.