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1944년 선거와 산업별노조회의(CIO) 노동조합관료층의 민주당 지지 정책
서범진 ( Bum Jin Seo ) 한국미국사학회 2014 미국사연구 Vol.40 No.-
This thesis examines the alliance between the CIO(The Congress of Industrial Organization) and the Democratic Party in the 1940s. Main issues are why the CIO leadership decided to support Democrats in 1944 even though the Democratic party suspended social reform and what they wanted to get from the alliance. In the history of the American labor movement, the 1930-1940s -the era of the New Deal and the World War II- saw the most advantageous opportunity for forming a independent labor party. However, the CIO leaders and union bureaucrats chose to support Roosevelt and the Democrats. In 1943, they launched the Political Action Committee(PAC) to participate in the 1944 election campaign. Thanks to rapid growth of the CIO, the bureaucrats and officials of CIO became one of distinguished strata which had own interest. They made an ambitious plan to realize corporatism in America. For this object, the CIO bureaucrats concluded that supporting Democrats is the most realistic way to enhance their influence over Congress and the government. On the other hand, they were increasingly challenged by the rank-and-file workers who went on wildcat strikes disregarding the no-strike pledge. The CIO leadership believed that the alliance with Democrats would guarantee reforms for labor without violations of the pledge. During the election campaign, the CIO leadership insisted their belief to working class and citizens. They said the victory of New Dealers in the 1944 election would resume the reforms. And the PAC asserted to adopt policies such as full employment, promotion of social welfare and especially, the establishment of a administrative body for planned economy with the participation of labor representatives. Despite the winning of Democrats, however, new Democratic government and 79th congress neglected campaign pledges. Although the alliance of the 1944 was reasonable and promising decision from the perspective of the CIO leadership in that time, the whole left labor camp did not acquire anything, after all. Rather, in the era of postwar, the alliance just left a legacy of labor subordination to the cold war liberalism. It was the price of that the union give priority to the interest of bureaucrats instead the rank-and-file’s.
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