Flyash를 이용한 블록의 흡음특성에 관한 연구

변홍식,이태관 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.3

The blocks using flyash were prepared in this study. The characteristic of sound absorption of flyash block was investigated. It was revealed that the chemical additives and flyash played an important role to determine the characteristic of sound absorption. Chemical additive affects the capability of sound absorption while flyash affects the characteristic of sound absorption, i.e. high value of the sound absorption coefficient at the specific frequencies(1㎑ and 2 ㎑). The flyash block showed higher sound absorption coefficient than that of the commercial concrete block having carpet on the surface. It was also shown that the sound absorption coefficient increases with increase of the content of flyash in the block. However, it was found that the 70wt% of flyash in the flyash block was the optimum content to obtain the highest sound absorption coefficient.

전기방사법에 의한 친화막 제조

변홍식,홍병표 한국막학회 2007 멤브레인 Vol.17 No.1

Polyethersulfone (PES)와 Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) 용액으로 전기방사법을 이용하여 단백질 친화막을 제조하였다. 방사운전조건(방사용액의 농도, 전압, 방사속도, 방사거리)을 다양하게 조절하여 나노섬유의 크기를 관찰하였으며, 최적의 친화막 제조 조건을 확인할 수 있었다. XPS와 FT-IR로써 PES와 BSA의 결합을 확인하였으며, PES-BSA 나노섬유의 최적 방사 온도와 습도는 20~22℃와 45~55% 임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 PES 함량이 증가할수록 섬유의 크기가 증가하고, BSA의 경우 나노섬유의 크기에 큰 영향이 없음을 알았다. PES 7 wt%, BSA 0.7 wt%. Hexafluropropanol (HFP) 92.3 wt%의 용액을 이용하여 전압 10.0 kV, 방사거리 10 cm, 방사속도 1.0 mL/hr의 조건에서 방사한 경우 균일한 크기의 PES-BSA 나노섬유가 얻어졌다. Protein affinity membranes based on polyethersulfone (PES) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were prepared by using an electrospinning method. The changes in the size of nanofiber according to the various conditions of electrospinning (concentration of spinning solution, voltage, flow rate, tip to collector distance) were investigated, and the preparation conditions of the affinity membrane were optimized. XPS and FT-IR results showed the firm incorporation of BSA with PES. It was found PES-BSA nanofibers could be prepared at the temp. of 20~22℃ and humidity of 45~55% . The size of nanofibers increased with increase of the content of PES in the spinning solution while BSA did not affect much to the size of nanofiber. It was also revealed that the narrow size distribution of nanofiber could be obtained with PES 7 wt%, BSA 0.7 wt%, HFP 92.3 wt% at the electrospinning conditions of 1 mL/hr, 10 cm TCD, and 10 kV.

친화막의 L-tryptophan 흡착특성

변홍식,홍병표 한국막학회 2008 멤브레인 Vol.18 No.3

전기방사를 이용하여 polyethersulfone (PES)-bovin albumin serum (BSA) 단백질 친화막을 제조하였으며, 이때 전기방사에 의한 공정상의 문제점을 용해도가 높고, 끓는점이 높은 2,2,3,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-1-butanol (HFB)를 공용매로 사용함으로써 해결하였다. 또한 공용매는 최적의 온도, 습도 범위를 확대시켜줌으로써 친화막의 대량 생산이 용이하리라 생각한다. 제조된 친화막은 biuret test를 통하여 친화막의 색깔이 무색에서 보라색으로 변함으로써 PES 섬유 내 BSA가 존재함을 확인할 수 있었다. 완충용액의 조성 성분 중 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)는 세척과정에서 BSA와 L-tryptophan사이의 해리를 제어함으로써 용출과정에서 비교실험보다 약 5배의 높은 용출량을 보여주었다. Protain affinity membranes based on PES-BSA was preapared by the electrospinning method. The process problem caused by the electrospining was solved by using HFB having high solubility and boiling point. It was expecting that the mass production of protein affinity membrane would be possible with broad range of optimized temperature and humidity. BSA in the PES nanofiber was confirmed by the color change from colorless to violet during the biuret test. The buffer solution with DMSO showed that the amount of elution was 5 times higher than the one when the buffer solution without DMSO was used. This is due to the restriction effect of DMSO on the dissociation of L-tryptophan from BSA during the washing step.

실리카 화합물을 함유한 PVA/PSSA-MA 전해질 막의 제조 및 특성과 연료전지로의 응용

변홍식,김대훈,이병성,이보성,윤석원,임지원 한국막학회 2008 멤브레인 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구에서는 Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)을 주쇄부(base polymer)로 하여 화학적 가교를 실시하기 위하여 Poly(styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA-MA)를 첨가하고, 실리카와 술폰산기를 함유한 3-(trihydroxysilyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid (THS-PSA)의 함량변화와 열 가교온도 변화를 통하여 직접 메탄을 연료전지(DMFC)에 적용하기 위한 고분자 전해질 막 소재에 관한 연구를 실시하였다. 제조된 막을 Nafion 115와 함께 비교하기 위하여 동일한 조건에서 함수율, 열 중량 분석(TGA), 이온교환용량, 이온전도도 및 메탄올 투과도를 실시하였다. 실험을 통하여 THS-PSA의 함량과 열 가교 온도변화에 따라서 메탄올 투과도가 10 -6에서 10 -8 cm 2 /s로 감소된 결과를 얻었으며, 이온전도도는 10 -3에서 10 -2 S·cm -1으로 향상되어 Nafion 115보다 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. This manuscript deals with the investigation of the possibility of the crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes with both poly(styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) and 3-(trihydroxysilyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid (THS-PSA) for the fuel cell application. The studies were focused on the characterization of the resulting membranes through water content, thermal gravimetric analysis, ion exchange capacity, ion conductivity and methanol permeability measurements and then compared with the existing Nafion membrane. Typically, the ion conductivity lied in the range of 10 -3 to 10 -2 S/cm while the methanol permeability showed the range of 10 -6 to 10 -8 cm 2 /s.

전기방사로 제조된 PES-BSA 친화막의 흡착특성

변홍식,홍병표 한국막학회 2008 멤브레인 Vol.18 No.4

전기방사법을 이용하여 제조된 pelyestersulfone (PES)-bovin albumin serum (BSA) 친화막에 대하여 L-tryptophan에 대한 흡착특성을 연구하였다. FESEM과 Image Analyzer를 이용하여 방사조건에 따른 섬유의 직경분포를 비교분석 함으로써 섬유의 직경을 조절할 수 있음을 알았다. 또한, 2,2,3,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-1-butanol (HFB)와 BSA의 함량증가에 따른 미세섬유 발생빈도가 높아져서 Darcy 투과도, 기계적 물성, 발수성이 증가한다는 것을 알았다. L-tryptophan의 용출량은 tris-HCl 완충용액보다 borate-DMSO 완충용액에서 높았으며, A 8022형 BSA보다 A 7906형 BSA가 높은 용출량을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 BSA의 종류에 따른 그 특성에 기인하는 것으로 A 7906형은 A 8022형보다 순도가 높고 분자량 분포가 고르며, 사용 pH 환경이 더욱 안정적이기 때문이다. The adsorption characteristics of L-tryptophan of PES-BSA affinity membranes prepared by using electro-spinning were investigated. It was found that the fiber diameters could be controlled by the comparisons of fiber diameters prepared by various spinning conditions through FESEM and Image Analyzer. Darcy's permeability constants, mechanical properties and hydrophobic properties were enhanced since micro-fibers increased by increasing the composition ratio of HFB and BSA. The elution capacity of L-tryptophan in borate-DMSO buffer solution was higher than that in tris-HCl buffer solution, while the elution capacity of A 7906 type BSA was higher than A 8022 type BSA. This is due to the characteristics of BSA type, i. e. higher purity and uniform molecular weight and better pH stability of A 7906 type BSA than those of A 8022 type BSA.

고분자 전해질 연료전지용 부분 공유 가교된 술폰화 폴리아릴렌에테르술폰 막의 제조 및 특성

변홍식,윤경석,최종호,최준규,홍성권,홍영택 한국막학회 2008 멤브레인 Vol.18 No.4

술폰화 폴리아릴렌에테르술폰 공중합체를 직접 중합법으로 합성하고 공유 가교하여 연료전지용 고분자 전해질 막을 제조하였다. 최적의 전해질 막 제조를 위하여 가교제의농도를 30~90 v/v% 및 가교시간을 30분 내지 720분의 범위에서 다양한 조성의 전해질 막 제조실험이 수행되었으며 FT-IR분광법 및 열 중량분석, 수소 이온 전도도 측정 등을 통해 전해질 막의 기본 특성들을 평가하였다. 수소 이온 전도도는 가교도에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 물 흡수율 및 메탄올 투과도도 함께 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. Covalent-crosslinked sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPAES) copolymers were synthesized copolymerization technique and additionally crosslinked with divinylbenzene (DVB). To optimize the reaction condition, a concentration of crosslinking agent and a reaction time were varied in the ranges of 30~90 v/v% and 30~720 min. The properties of the crosslinked membranes were investigated by SEM, TGA and the measurement of proton conductivity. It was found that the proton conductivity of crosslinked membranes decreased depending on a degree of crosslinking while water uptake and methanol permeability reduced.

나노섬유 분리막: 제조 및 응용

변홍식 한국막학회 2021 한국막학회 총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.04

열유도상분리법을 이용한 EVOH 중공사 분리막의 제조 및 기본 특성

변홍식,후건,윤재한,전성일,정건용 한국막학회 2018 멤브레인 Vol.28 No.6

Poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol) EVOH hollow fiber membranes were successfully fabricated via a thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method. It was observed that all membranes fabricated under different spinning conditions had interconnected and bicontinuous structures through liquid-liquid phase separation. Glycerol and poly(ethylene glycol) 200 were used as diluents for the TIPS method. Glycerol was used as a mixing component in quenching bath to control pores on the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane. Hot quenching bath with a mixing component to generate large pores on the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane. The effects of polymer concentration, diluent and quenching bath on the morphologies, water permeabilities, and mechanical properties of the EVOH hollow fiber membranes were systematically investigated. The relationship between water permeability, mechanical properties and spinning conditions was discussed in detail.

Ethylcellulose와 금속염을 이용한 고분자-금속 착체막의 제조 및 기체투과특성

변홍식,서성호,박병규,홍병표,백승욱,박영규 한국막학회 2003 멤브레인 Vol.13 No.3

Ethyl cellulose(EC)와 platinum(II) acetylacetonate(Pt), rhodium(III)acetylacetonate(Rh)를 이용하여 용매증발법으로 고분자-금속 착체막을 제조하였다. 이때 최종 분리막의 제막조건을 최적화하기 위하여 금속염의 조성을 변화시켰다. (0.3-4.0 wt%). FTIR을 이용하여 EC-금속착체막을 분석하였으며 SEM을 이용하여 막의 구조를 관찰하였다. 그리고 산소, 질소, 이산화탄소, 메탄 가스들의 투과성능을 조사하였다. 금속염들은 모든 가스들의 선택도의 감소없이 투과도를 향상시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었다 그러나 Pt의 경우 산소와 질소가스의 투과성능에 더 영향이 있었으며, Rh은 이산화탄소와 메탄가스의 투과도에 더 영향이 있음을 알 수 있었다. EC-Pt 착체막의 경우에는, Pt의 산소와의 친화력특성에 기인하여 산소/질소의 선택도가 증가(37%)하는 것을 보여주었다. Polymer-metal complexed membranes were prepared by solvent evaporation method using ethylcellulose, platinum(II)acetylacetonate, and rhodium(III)acetylacetonate. The various composition of metal salt(0.3-4.0 wt%) were employed to obtain the optimum performance of final membrane. EC-metal complexed membranes were characterized by FTIR and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) to observe the morphology and the performance of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane gases was tested. It was shown that the metal salts enhanced the permeability of all gases without decrease of selectivity. However, it was found that Pt had more effects on the permeability of oxygen and nitrogen gases while Rh had more effects on the permeability of carbon dioxide and methane gases. EC-Pt complexed membrane(Pt 1.0 wt%) even showed the enhanced selectivity of oxygen/nitrogen(37%) due to the affinity characteristic of Pt to oxygen.

체내종의 경피적 동맥내 항암화학요법

변홍식 대한영상의학회 1989 대한영상의학회지 Vol.25 No.1

Percutaneous transcatheter intraarterial chemotherapy was utlized to treat primary tumor in 22 patients with osteosarcoma. The results were assessed by clinical radiographic and path-ologic responses. Eighteen of the 22 patinets remain continuously disease free for 6 to 18 months after initial diagnosis. Pulmonary metastasis occurred in 2 patients with limb salvage surgery and one patient had a local recurrence during maintenance chemotherapy. This method is safe and effective in the preoperative chemotherapy of nonmetastatic osteosarcoma and also promotes limb salvage surgery.