Inhibitory Effect of Saponin Fraction from Codonopsis lanceolata on Immune Cell-Mediated Inflammatory Responses

변세은,최완수,이재휘,이만휘,박화진,조재열,홍억기 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.6

Saponin components are known to be pharmaceutically, cosmetically and nutraceutically valuable principles found in various herbal medicine. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory role of saponin fraction (SF), prepared from C. lanceolata, an ethnopharmacologically famous plant, on various inflammatory responses managed by monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells. SF clearly suppressed the release of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, but not prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). While this fraction did not scavenge the reactivity of SNP-induced radicals in RAW264. 7 cells, it negatively modulated the phagocytic uptake of macrophages treated with FITC-dextran. Interestingly, SF completely diminished cell-cell adhesion events induced by both CD29 and CD43, but not cell-fibronectin adhesion. Concanavalin (Con) A [as well phytohemaglutinin A (PHA)]-induced proliferation of splenic lymphocytes as well as interferon (IFN)-γ production were also clearly suppressed by SF treatment. Finally, SF also significantly blocked the degranulation process of mast cell line RBL-2H3 cell as assessed by DNP-BSA-induced β-hexosaminidase activity. The anti-inflammatory activities of SF on NO production seemed to be due to inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)- κB activation signaling, since it blocked the phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB (IκB)α as well as inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression. Therefore, these results suggest that SF may be considered as a promising herbal medicine with potent anti-inflammatory actions.

Functional Activation of Macrophages, Monocytes and Splenic Lymphocytes by Polysaccharide Fraction from Tricholoma matsutake

변세은,Jaehwi Lee,Eunji Lee,Song Yi Lee,Eock Kee Hong,Young Eon Kim,Jae Youl Cho 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.11

Mushroom-derived polysaccharides (β-glucans) are considered as a valuable biopharmaceutical principle without displaying side effects. Although Tricholoma matsutake is well-known mushroom in Korea, Japan and China, the immunoregulatory roles of T. matsutake-derived polysaccharides were not fully elucidated yet. In this study, we continued to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of T. matsutake-derived polysaccharide fraction (TmC-2) using functional activation models of macrophages, monocytes and splenic lymphocytes. TmC-2 treatment strongly increased the production of NO and TNF-α. Phagocytic uptake and ROS generation was also up-regulated by TmC-2. Interestingly, TmC-2 stimulated CD29-mediated cell-cell or cell-finbronectin adhesions in monocytes, while CD43-mediated cell adhesion was down-regulated. Interestingly, the enhancement of proliferation and IFN-γ production was striking observed in TmC-2-treated splenic lymphocytes. The activation seemed to be mediated by up-regulating intracellular signaling cascades such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK (ERK and p38) and by the involvement of surface receptors (dectin-1 and TLR-2). Therefore, our results suggest that this TmC-2 from T. matsutake can be developed as a promising immunostimulatory principle, applicable to people with lowered immunomodulatory potentials.

시각장애학교 영아학급 운영에 관한 실태 및 교사와 학부모의 인식 분석

이경림,변세은 한국시각장애교육&재활학회 2011 시각장애연구 Vol.27 No.3

The purpose of this study is to analyze the organization and the operation of schools for the visually impaired, and investigating the perceptions of teachers and parents for the operation of toddler class. To achieve research goal, it conducted multiple-choice questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews towards three teachers of toddler class, fourteen teachers of kindergarten, and seven parents among schools for the visually impaired. The summarization of research results is as follows:Firstly, as a result of analysis on organization and the operation of two schools which are currently operating toddler class for the visually impaired, combinations program and family support program were reflected in the implementation of early intervention. Secondly, teachers of toddler classes and kindergarten teachers responded that current teaching days, 150 days for the toddlers with visual impairments would be appropriate for the operation of class for the toddlers with visual impairments. In addition, in terms of the composition of the curriculum, they wanted to work with experts in various fields. In terms of educational forms, they supported combinations program. They pointed out that the function of care as well as education would be important for the purpose of education for the toddlers with visual impairments. Thirdly, parents said that the flexible operation according to the handicap types and operational forms of class is needed for the operation of the toddlers with visual impairments, and the educational system, linking family education and school education is required. 본 연구는 시각장애학교의 영아학급의 운영 실태와 교사와 학부모의 인식을 분석하고자 시각장애학교의 영아학급 교사 3명, 유치부 교사 14명, 학부모 7명을 대상으로 선택형 설문지와 심층 면담을 실시하였다. 연구결과로 기관-가정 혼합형 프로그램과 가족지원 프로그램이 조기중재의 실행에 반영되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 교사들은 장애영아 교육 수업일수로 150일이 적절하다고 하였으며, 교육과정 구성을 위해서 다양한 영역의 전문가가 함께 하기를 희망하고 있으며, 교육 형태로 기관-가정 혼합형 프로그램을 지지하였다. 시각장애 영아학급 운영에 대해 학부모는 장애유형이나 학급의 운영 형태에 따라 탄력적으로 일과를 운영해야 하며, 영아학급 운영의 목적을 교육에 둠으로써 가정과 학교의 연계된 교육이 필요하다고 하였다.

Azasugar-Containing Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotide (AZPSON) DBM-2198 Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Replication by Blocking HIV-1 gp120 without Affecting the V3 Region

이진주,배용수,변세은,정주열,강명호,박유진,정경은 한국분자세포생물학회 2015 Molecules and cells Vol.38 No.2

DBM-2198, a six-membered azasugar nucleotide (6-AZN)- containing phosphorothioate (P = S) oligonucleotide (AZPSON), was described in our previous publication [Lee et al. (2005)] with regard to its antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of HIV-1 variants. This report describes the mechanisms underlying the anti-HIV-1 properties of DBM-2198. The LTR-mediated reporter assay indicated that the anti-HIV-1 activity of DBM-2198 is attributed to an extracellular mode of action rather than intracellular sequence- specific antisense activity. Nevertheless, the antiviral properties of DBM-2198 and other AZPSONs were highly restricted to HIV-1. Unlike other P = S oligonucleotides, DBM-2198 caused no host cell activation upon administration to cultures. HIV-1 that was pre-incubated with DBM-2198 did not show any infectivity towards host cells whereas host cells pre-incubated with DBM-2198 remained susceptible to HIV-1 infection, suggesting that DBM-2198 acts on the virus particle rather than cell surface molecules in the inhibition of HIV-1 infection. Competition assays for binding to HIV-1 envelope protein with anti-gp120 and anti-V3 antibodies revealed that DBM-2198 acts on the viral attachment site of HIV-1 gp120, but not on the V3 region. This report provides a better understanding of the antiviral mechanism of DBM-2198 and may contribute to the development of a potential therapeutic drug against a broad spectrum of HIV-1 variants.

Deep Learning Based Frame Interpolation for Stop-motion Animation

윤지혜,장수진,이은주,변세은,진소진,김탁훈 중앙대학교 영상콘텐츠융합연구소 2022 TechArt :Journal of Arts and Imaging Science Vol.9 No.3

This study focuses on deep-learning-based frame interpolation facilitating stop-motion animation production. Through deep learning of the movements of stop-motion animation, frame interpolation works systematically toward its own production. Based on an understanding of the exaggeration or deletion of motions, the proposed frame interpolation technique differs from other linear frame interpolation techniques. This project used the stop motion animation Teenie Scouts BigFive produced by Taktoon Enterprise, a subsidiary of Chung-Ang University Technology Holdings, which was created using 4K UHD high-resolution images at a frame rate of 15 fps

Protective Effect of Stress-induced Liver Damage by Saponin Fraction from Codonopsis lanceolata

Min Ho Kim,이재휘,Dae Sung Yoo,이용규,변세은,홍억기,조재열 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.10

Saponins are valuable principles found in various herbal medicine with pharmaceutical, cosmetical and nutraceutical merits. In this study, we evaluated the protective role of saponin fraction (Cl-SF), prepared from Codonopsis lanceolata, an ethnopharmacologically famous plant in Korea, China and Japan, on water immersion stress-induced liver damage and radical generation. Cl-SF clearly decreased the up-regulated levels of serum glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase induced by water-immersed stress conditions. Furthermore, Cl-SF seemed to block the stress-induced radicals. Thus, Griess and DPPH assays revealed that Cl-SF significantly suppressed both radical generation in sodium nitroprusside-treated RAW264.7 cells and nitric oxide production in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that Cl-SF may be considered as a promising stress-regulatory principle with radical scavenging actions.